3 1 5 1.1....................................... 6 1.2.......................................... 6 1.3..................................... 7 1.4.................................... 8 1.4.1............................. 9 1.4.2...................................... 9 1.4.3....................................... 11 1.4.4..................................... 12 1.4.5.......................................... 13 1.5................................... 13 2 15 2.1..................................... 15 2.2........................................... 16 2.3........................................ 16 2.4....................................... 16 2.5............................... 16 3 19 3.1............................................. 19 3.2........................................ 19 3.3................................... 20 3.4.......................................... 20 3.5......................... 21 3.6.......................................... 22 3.7............................ 24 4 25 4.1............................. 25 4.2...................................... 26 4.3...................... 27 4.4...................... 27 4.5................... 29 4.6................................. 30 4.7........................................ 30 5 33 5.1.......................................... 33 5.2............................................ 33 5.3............................................ 33 5.4 WEB........................................... 33

4 5.5, HTML................................. 34 5.6 WWW OPAC.......................... 39

5 1 (1) (2) (3) ( ) (Information) (1) (2) (3) :

6 1 1.1 C.E.Shannon Mathematical Theory of Communication 1948 N. Wiener Cybernetics von Neumann, Johann Ludwig[1903-1957] Norbert Wiener (1894-1964) Cybernetics (1948) C.E.Shanon (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1.2

1.3. 7 ( 1.3..

8 1 1990 G.H.Guyatt Evidence- Based Medicine 11 Evidence-Based Nursing EpidemiologyClinical Epidemiology Nursing Informatics Nursing Epidemiology 1.4 {0, 1} 2 2 = 4 10 0,1,,9 2 4 = 16 {0, 1,, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F} 2 8 = 256 2 16 = 65536 extended unix code 3 = 2 + 1 = (10) 2 + (1) 2 = (11) 2, 8 = 2 3 = (1000) 2, 17 = (10001) 2, (10010) 2 2 = (100100) 2 A,B,C,D,E,F

1.4. 9 1.4.1 10 1 10 100 10 10 2 8 16 2 8 16 2 1 2 4 8 2 10 0 9 10 10 2 0 1 2 ON OFF 1.4.2 10 1 10 100 10 10 2 8 16 2 8 16 2 1 2 4 8 2 10 0 9 10 10 2 0 1 2 ON OFF 1 10 100 8 2 a 01101010 b 01110100 c 01100100 d 01100110 : 10 2 10 2 2 0 1 2 2 ) 100 2 ) 50 0 2 ) 25 0 2 ) 12 1 2 ) 6 0 2 ) 3 0 2 ) 1 1 0 1 0 1100100 c 01100100 2 2 10110001 10 a 169 b 177 c 175 d 172

10 1 : 2 10 2 10 1 2 4 8 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 128 32 16 1 177 b 177 3 10 0.4375 2 a 0.1111 b 0.1001 c 0.0111 d 0.011 : 2 n 2 n 0.5 0.1 0.25 0.01 0.125 0.001 0.0625 0.0001 0.03125 0.00001 2 2 1 10 2 10 0.4375 0.1111 0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625 0.9375 0.1001 0.5 0.0625 0.5625 0.0111 0.25 0.125 0.0625 0.4375 0.011 0.25 0.125 0.375 c 0.0111 4 16 AB 10 a 166 b 171 c 175 d 179 : 16 16 10 0 15 1 10 10 15 0123456789ABCDEF A F 16 10 2 10 16 4096 256 16 1 16 0 0 A B 16 A B 10 10 1116 A 1 B 16 10 1 11 171 b 171 16 2 10 16 1 4 2 16 AB A 1010 B 1011 2 10101011 2 10101011 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1

1.4. 11 128 32 8 2 1 171 b 171 5 131 45 53 a 5 b 6 c 7 d 8 : 131 53 45 1 1 10 3 5 8 1 3 5 1 7 7 c 7 1.4.3 2 2 2 1. 1 0 1 2. 1 2 6 2 0110 1 2 a 1001 1011 b 1011 1001 c 1010 1001 d 1001 1010 : 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 0110 1001 1 1 1010 2 d 1001 1010 7 2 n a -2^{n-1} 2^{n-1}-1 b -2^{n-1}-1 2^{n-1} c -2^{n-1} 2^{n-1} d -2^n 2^n : a 2 n 1 2 n 1 1 2 8 2 8 1 2 8 1 1 2 7 2 7 1 128 127 8 2 2 10011001 10 0 1 0 a -101 b -102 c -103 d +103 e +105

12 1 : 2 10011001 0 1 2 10011001 2 1 01100110 2 1 1 01100111 2 01100111 10 103 2 10011001 103-103 c -103 1.4.4 2 n $2^n$ n $2^{ n}$ $2^n$ 9 2 64 a 4 b 5 c 6 d 32 e 64 : c 2 64 64 2 6 6 c 6 10 2 Y 3 Y Y a 7 b 8 c 9 d 10 : c 3 Y 2 3 8 8Y Y 8Y Y 9Y 9 c 9 11 2 A 2n A n A 10 A n A 1 n a 3 b 4 c 5 d 6 : a A 10 2 A 8 2 A 2 3 A 2 1 A 10 A 3 A 1 a 3

1.5. 13 1.4.5 0 1 0 1 12 A Z a 4 b 5 c 6 d 7 : b A Z 26 26 2 n 2 n 2 6 2 2 4 = 16 26 < 2 5 = 32. 4 16 5 32 26 5 b 5 13 64 58 a 16 b 32 c 64 d 128 : c 2 n 2 n 64 58 2 64 2 58 = 2 6 = 64 64 c 64 2 8 10 16 2 1. 1 0 1 2. 1 2 n $2^n$ n $2^{-n}$ $2^n$ 2 n $2^n$ 1.5 16 (1)

14 1 (2) A 0.1 1.0 A = 0.a a (3) (4) 2 ( ) (5) 58.875 16 58.875 111010.111 0.111010111 (2 6) 6 0110 1001 0.111010111 111010111 2 1011011101011100 (1) -1950.5 (2) 0111111000000000 * o (bit): 1 0 o (B:byte):8 8 o 1? o 2 o 2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024,2048,4096,8192,16384, 32768,65536 o 64K 65536 * o (B:byte) o uni(1),bi(2),tri(3),qu(4),oct(8) o (bps; bit per second)1 * o m (1000 1 ) o (1000000 1 ) o n (1000000000 1 ) o p (1000000000000 1 ) * o K (1000 ) o M (1000000 ) o G (1000000000 ) o T (1000000000000 )

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5.6. WWW OPAC 39 <h2> </h2> <h1> </h1> <h6> </h6> <hr> horizontal rule <ol> </ol> ordered list <li> <em> </em> emphasis <strong> </strong> strong emphasis <br> break <p> <p> <br> <pre> </pre> <br> pre preformatted <blockquote> </blockquote> <!-- --> HTML () < < > > & & 5.6 WWW OPAC WWW