1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 100 19 1 GDP 2000 1990-96 10 23 R&D 16 17 18 20 21 22 GDP Marketing 24 25 26 27 28 3 29 30 25 1
2004 5 2 1 30% 1 30 1% 30% 79 1860 82 1 95 100 03 10 10 1 1 90 8 3 93 8 28 03 8 90 03 8 51.4 48.9 8 72.5 69.0 10.5 18.2 5 3.9 11.4 2
NHK 1994 30 NHK 1983 52.6 20 1 1990 IW 3
1900-1999 100 1 1660% 1 1 2 1994 300km 20 100 19 15 25 3 95 4
1990 4 1980 1990 20 5 1 GDP ( ) 5
6 1980 1992 7 6
1989 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1970 1980 7 7
20 8
2 8 2 10 1970 1 1970 1997 1994 1990 1990 1-0.3% 1970 5 9 3 9
9 TFP TFP total factor of productivity 1970 10 1970 11 GNP R&D 1979 1980 1970 20 10
RD 5 2 RD 11
1940 1936 20 250 31 10 7 12
know-why 2 3 RD RD RD 13
1990 1960 1970 1980 1960 1 RD 2 2 20 14
2 RD 18 RD 18 12 12 5 4 5 RD A X X A A A A B C A 15
X A A B C B C RD 1 62 4 1 40% 60% 1 63 20% 1 2 1 1 RD RD 16
1 VTR RCA VTR RCA 2 VTR 34 3 2 1 VTR 50 60 34 VTR RD 1970 RD 17
3 1985 2 1 1995 WTO(World Trade Organization ) Trips(Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ) 337 ITC(International Trade Commission ) 301 1 1982 CAFC(Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ) 1 CAFC 1970 30 1980 30 18
(U.S. Patent & Trademark Office USPTO) 1980 1980 1 5 6 1970 RD EPO(European Patent Office 20 EPO ) 19
2 1 2 RD 2 2 20
RD 2 1980 10 30 1 1980 30 21
establishment WTO 2 IMF=GATT WTO WTO WTO 5 1995 WTO 22
RD 2 23
4 50 1 4 1 2000 24
civilization city civil 76.1 11 13 1 17 2 1 10 25
1 1 1000 18 13 26
18 15 13 1687 3.4 14 7 27
master 7 masterpiece 28
An Inquiring into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 1 1 1 1 29
19 19 1871 1900 3000 1 1 3000 30 1900 1825 10 30
1 2 1 7 BASF 1909 1911 1914 1 20 19 20 21 31
1950 DNA 3 3 BASF BASF 32
250 600 250 BASF 33
5 1969 2 1970 6 16 20 17 2 34
1970 2000 30 20 18 35
1870 25 1970 55% 19 1 GDP 1970 1995 20 1990 7 7000 1980 4 9000 1970 1980 1990 10 8% 9000 7000 9000 3 1 1980 4 1990 7 OEM EMS 36
21 37
22 1970 1992 20 200 J.S. 1970 1 1992 1 1970 1990 1970 1 1990 3 1970 1990 38
3 1970 1 1990 9 1970 39
6 1970 2 6 1970 2 28 30 3 25 2.5 1 40
4000 3 12 5 5 1 6 2500 2.5 7.5 3 23 41
42
1 1970 43
7 15 15,16 take-off 44
1 60 45
4 civilization culture= 90 46
interactive 1 15,16 19 19 2 15,16 47
1458 60 15 15 48
15,16 49
8 1 1 50
T-14 1 51
9 2 52
1 5 53
tacit knowledge 1970 54
(explicit knowledge) 6 GE 1990 10 1980 IT IT NASDAQ 1990 GE IBM IT NASDAQ 1980 1991 1992 101 145 44 0 55
Dow Chemical UCC IBM ATT ATT ATT ATT ATT IBM ATT 24 MIT 56
1999 NHK 21 T 0 U 0 T U U 0 U 1990 1 1980? socialization (externalization) 57
(combination) (internalization) SECI BP SECI SECI SECI 1 1 25 58
1960 59
18 19 20 1960 1980 1986 1950 1960 1960 1970 1 2 2 1950 26 2001 5 1 7000 60
1 6000 2 % 1 10 1 4 5000 2 4000 26 2001 2022 GDP 8% 6.8% 1 4000 4 5000 1 4000 3 2010 2500 2020 61
1 7 5 1990 7 1996 2002 1989 1996 62
23 1990 780 500 2 2 8 1970 63
W. 1970 R. 27 1 2 1 64
3 2 1 2 1970 2 1960 1970 EEC 2 2 65
NICS 4 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 66
19 1660% 1 20 28 3 1 1 67
100 9 4 8 16 1624 The Statute of Monopolies Letters Patent The Statute of Monopolies 4 The Statute of Monopolies 68
The Statute of Monopolies 1624 The Statute of Monopolies The Statute of Monopolies (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 69
(vi) (vii) 28 iii 70
29 29 1 29 2 20 3000 6 8000 2000 18 1000 100 71
6 3 3 7 72
73
1 4 74
7000, 75
5 1991 11 16 20 1 1 2004 5 2 2004 12 25 NHK 46 40 10 1 76
3 20 3 1 5 77
1 1 78
Genossenschaft 1962 40 79
1 80
25 30 81