untitled

2 15 1986 22 2001 2007 (2006) J-wave MAKE IT 212005 21 26

1 15 100 166 4 2001 2007 (2006) J-wave MAKE IT 212005 21 12 50 JAL VIP 40 12 27

30 16 20 29 26 27 10 22 4 28

300 11 12 32 2 13 33 14 21 7 15 30 Web 16 31 17 41 18 19 40 29

67 20 41 21 33 4 22 32 23 42 10 10 24 45 3 25 40 26 24 HP 30

10 9 27 30 30 28 29 2 30 7 31 32 33 3 34 17 35 31

36 37 38 39 40 41 23 42 25 43 23 () 4 4 3 50 32

44 31 45 39 46 26 166 46 42 4 166 150 2 33

11 34

2 Aldrich, Brickman Elam & Reese1997 50 35

Aldrich, Reese, & Dibini 1989 5 46 Shane(2003) 1991 7080 2006 20 36

40 20 4 4 9 1 1969 1991 1991 2005 1991 7 1,516 1992 9 2,002 1993 10 1,892 1994 9 2,304 1995 9 2,177 1996 8 1,956 1997 2,024 1998 1,641 1999 1,682 37

2000 2,148 2001 2,155 2002 1,195 2003 2,377 2004 2,945 2005 2,476 1,000 2425 6 14~15 23 2000 2004 1992 9.3 9.7 16.4 10.3 17.2 18.1 9.6 9.4 3.5 2.3 29.7 26.3 27.0 5.8 0.0 5.4 38

1993 8.1 9.5 16.2 12.3 19.0 15.5 8.8 10.5 2.1 0.0 23.1 26.0 36.4 6.2 0.0 6.2 1994 6.2 10.1 17.7 12.5 17.2 15.2 6.5 14.6 1.2 2.1 22.3 27.9 32.0 4.4 0.6 9.7 1995 8.3 6.6 13.8 13.0 21.2 8.8 8.0 13.2 7.1 3.2 2.3 16.9 22.7 28.2 3.6 0.3 21.4 1.3 1996 5.9 10.8 18.0 12.2 19.7 13.5 8.0 5.6 6.4 2.0 2.0 19.7 32.1 28.9 2.4 0.4 8.8 3.6 1997 5.7 8.9 15.4 13.6 19.9 11.3 9.8 9.2 6.2 1.2 2.8 19.4 23.1 32.2 3.1 0.3 17.5 0.3 1998 5.1 9.6 14.3 13.7 18.7 13.6 9.9 4.7 5.5 2.6 1.7 3.1 21.4 21.8 34.5 4.4 0.9 10.0 0.0 0.4 1999 6.0 9.4 14.8 14.3 21.4 11.2 9.6 3.7 5.6 1.8 0.5 5.0 15.5 24.2 38.4 4.1 0.5 7.8 0.9 1.4 2000 5.7 10.4 14.6 13.1 23.0 13.1 9.5 2.5 5.4 0.6 1.6 2.6 23.6 29.2 35.7 4.3 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 2001 7.8 9.9 14.3 12.3 24.2 12.0 10.3 2.8 4.8 1.3 1.8 1.5 23.9 18.9 44.6 6.0 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.9 2002 5.8 7.8 18.3 13.9 24.7 13.2 9.7 2.0 3.8 0.7 1.2 3.7 22.4 22.4 44.1 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2003 8.0 9.4 15.0 12.6 24.1 11.3 10.5 2.6 3.7 1.8 2.8 1.6 16.5 19.9 46.9 6.8 0.9 1.6 0.3 2.2 2004 6.1 8.5 14.2 13.1 12.3 8.7 10.3 2.6 4.3 0.9 2.1 2.1 13.7 18.4 33.8 2.3 1.5 0.6 1.1 0.4 2004 3.5 14.0 1.3 1.5 19.4 2.7 2005 6.0 7.8 15.3 13.2 11.6 7.1 9.9 2.7 4.1 2.4 1.2 1.2 19.0 20.2 27.2 5.0 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.0 2005 0.2 3.0 15.3 1.5 0.2 0.5 20.9 1.7 1995 1998 1999 39

2000 1999 100 40 4 1990 4 33.4 15.2 22.2 4 2006 4 52.1 38.5 23.3 1985 35.4 15.1 2.6 2.32007 25.8 28.1 2.1 4.3 1991 10.1 41.2 2.1 31.0 0.8 14.1 1.0 11.3 40.7 1.5 18.0 1.5 28.4 2.1 1992 6.7 40.4 1.3 2.9 32.3 1.1 15.3 10.4 43.5 1.2 8.8 11.5 0.8 23.8 40

1993 8.1 41.0 1.1 1.7 30.1 1.7 15.5 0.8 7.8 38.3 0.8 10.7 12.3 0.8 28.0 1.2 1994 8.9 38.8 1.2 1.7 30.9 2.0 15.7 0.8 9.6 41.3 1.2 8.7 9.0 1.2 28.0 0.9 1995 7.9 38.6 4.0 2.2 32.6 2.2 11.3 1.2 8.0 50.2 3.5 11.9 10.6 0.3 12.2 3.2 1996 7.1 42.4 4.0 1.7 30.7 1.5 11.6 0.9 9.1 38.5 6.9 10.4 14.3 0.0 19.0 1.7 1997 5.5 42.0 3.3 1.8 32.2 1.6 12.5 1.0 6.7 43.1 6.4 12.1 8.3 0.6 21.4 1.3 1998 7.2 37.7 1.7 1.9 21.1 10.6 0.8 0.9 16.0 0.9 3.5 45.4 1.3 9.6 8.3 3.1 0.0 0.4 25.8 0.4 1999 6.3 39.1 1.1 1.8 20.7 13.9 0.8 1.1 13.5 0.3 5.0 40.6 0.9 11.4 7.3 6.4 0.0 0.0 24.2 0.5 2000 5.8 37.4 2.9 2.2 20.6 13.1 0.7 1.5 13.3 0.2 9.5 35.7 5.9 12.1 4.9 4.9 0.3 0.7 21.6 0.0 2001 4.7 34.7 3.7 2.1 20.4 14.9 1.0 2.1 13.7 0.7 6.1 39.2 4.3 12.5 6.1 6.1 0.9 1.2 21.0 0.3 2002 7.4 36.1 1.6 1.9 19.8 14.8 0.5 2.0 13.7 0.9 5.0 35.4 0.6 16.8 7.5 6.2 0.6 0.0 22.4 1.2 2003 6.4 37.9 0.9 1.7 21.5 13.0 0.8 1.5 14.6 0.9 4.7 36.0 0.9 13.0 8.4 6.5 0.0 0.9 27.3 0.9 2004 6.6 36.2 0.6 1.8 34.1 3.2 15.6 0.4 5.9 37.8 0.8 9.9 16.2 1.5 26.2 0.0 2005 6.0 36.5 1.0 1.7 35.1 3.1 15.6 0.4 3.2 34.7 1.0 13.0 17.5 3.0 26.2 0.5 41

1991 84.1 13.08 62.4 9.05 *** 1992 87.1 13.58 76.2 10.22 *** 1993 84.4 74.7 1994 78.8 13.87 52.4 11.07 *** 1995 77.3 14.03 61.5 11.02 *** 1996 81.9 13.98 69.2 10.67 *** 1997 80.4 13.47 64.5 11.43 *** 1998 82.2 13.85 71.6 10.94 *** 1999 86.2 14.38 74.0 10.94 *** 2000 87.9 15.65 77.7 11.40 *** 2001 81.9 14.02 68.4 10.60 *** 2002 82.9 65.6 2003 83.3 14.31 72.9 8.23 *** 42

2004 2005 84.6 15.37 76.1 11.76 *** 2003 *** p<0.001 1991 15.4 7.7 36.2 12.4 294.3 238.6 1992 16.0 5.6 38.6 19.9 271.2 270.0 1993 15.8 6.4 38.8 19.1 295.0 97.8 ** 1994 15.1 6.0 38.5 14.4 309.4 241.2 1995 13.1 7.8 37.5 14.3 366.8 286.9 1996 14.4 8.9 40.8 11.7 323.7 314.0 1997 13.3 5.2 35.5 9.1 356.0 181.5 ** 1998 12.4 4.4 39.0 17.9 358.0 231.9 1999 13.0 7.8 38.0 16.4 354.8 231.7 2000 15.2 4.6 38.0 14.4 326.8 307.6 2001 16.1 4.3 38.8 22.5 309.2 200.6 * 43

2002 327.1 338.7 2003 13.0 4.3 44.9 20.5 283.0 335.0 2004 12.8 8.0 40.5 17.9 346.5 248.5 * 2005 13.6 6.2 39.0 20.0 324.0 187.4 ** ***p<0.001 **p<0.01 *p<0.05 1316 48 36~45 15 10 20 1991 3.6 2005 6.7 2 1993 1997 2005 2001 2007 3,589 1,800 1,118 620 1,492 724 500 31.7500 1000 28.6 6 500 44

4,104 1,404 1,370 1,110 500 2000 500 1000 1000 1500 1500 2000 31.7 28.6 15.7 5.7 18.3 724 1,492 840 62.7 20.9 11.9 1.5 3.0 400 544 67 26.7 26.7 24.4 2.2 20.0 900 1,404 45 55.2 17.2 17.2 3.4 6.9 400 799 29 57.9 21.1 15.8 0.0 5.3 400 887 19 48.1 21.2 11.5 9.6 9.6 500 936 52 38.6 31.6 13.2 3.5 13.2 600 930 114 15.6 37.6 17.7 10.6 18.4 900 1,370 141 12.5 18.8 10.2 5.5 53.1 2,365 4,104 128 35.7 21.4 35.7 0.0 7.1 710 893 14 27.3 34.3 18.9 7.0 12.6 750 1,110 143 37.7 33.3 18.8 2.9 7.2 600 740 69 38.5 38.5 0.0 7.7 15.4 500 1,094 13 50.0 16.7 16.7 16.7 0.0 425 608 6 (2008)2008 2007 2007 8 918 81.4 275.8 95.2 45

256.2 355.4 26.8 401.0 1,491.8 1,000 422.4 137.5 560 256.7 9.3 4.2 31.3 16.6 28.228.6 1 46

15 150 1,499 1,516 745 660 1,000 2,000 3,764 3,206 1,156 923 500 2,000 1,000 74.2 500 2000 500 1000 1000 1500 1500 2000 31.3 28.0 16.7 6.0 18.0 745 1,499 700 32.8 30.5 10.7 4.6 21.4 660 1,516 131 8.7 21.7 12.0 10.9 46.7 1,750 3,764 92 17.6 14.7 8.8 2.9 55.9 2,410 3,206 34 34.7 28.9 17.4 5.3 13.7 665 1,156 608 38.1 36.1 11.3 5.2 9.3 580 923 97 27.0 22.2 21.5 21.4 14.8 47

2007 2008 2005 95 () 103.78 647.916 48.46 376.520 1.597.110 287.47 1336.686 359.45 1996.520 -.869.385 99.94 239.360 115.55 496.486 -.930.353 236.99 530.092 349.06 700.042-3.530.000 *** 348.60 712.606 304.54 632.834 1.112.266 32.46 183.781 18.59 80.437 1.431.153 417.3 760.312 308.77 471.637 2.659.008 ** 1526.53 2561.435 1504.42 2826.853.150.881 48

447.39 638.631 438.45 750.972.243.808 166.01 537.724 158.41 470.080.257.797 31.61 169.538 13.53 87.328 2.026.043 * 22.18 353.284 7.17 51.056.828.408 42.93 506.109 14.02 108.132 1.110.267 632.30 963.639 615.64 794.548.317.751 33.26 312.599 14.91 141.957 1.124.261 34.04 340.527 5.25 64.267 1.644.100 237.36 1250.141 213.62 1771.362.314.754 4.30 185.925.63 12.296.386.700 74.24 705.374 96.11 514.071 -.567.565 2.05 37.525.00.000 1.064.288 7.74 86.818 38.14 595.074-2.142.032 * 1735.40 2681.901 1615.86 2827.962.788.431 2005 2293 2325.05 p<.001***p<.01**p<.05* 2007 49

2005 2007 2005 2007 4.1 4.7 8.0 17.22 4 8 7 20 2005 6.7 Aldrich 1995 13 45 60 13 23 5 44 31 50

13.9 10.9 Aldrich, Brickman Elam and Reese(1997) 32 0 90% (Greve & Salaff 2003) 42 3 9 7 6 Greve & Salaff 2003) 51

20082000 96.3 85.8 80.4 74.3 73.4 72.5 70.1 SPSS 30Aldrich 1989 10 100 52