1-1 (1)
(3) 16.6 6.6 60.9 82.2 32.1
1980 199
1-2
1-3
(2)
(2001)
2001
2-1
P A e U ij A ij = e Uij R + e U ij A + e U ij C U ija = a 0 +a 1 c ija +a 2 T ija +a 3 AT ija + Air i Rail Car j
-3
2-4 (1)
( )
2000
3-1
3-2 (1) 60 6 7 7 80 80 2001
1600 1700 1800 1800 2200 2200 2400 2400
( )
( ) 20 10 19 3 9 2 1
( )
3-3
0%
4
km)
ETC
1 2
13 6900 7400 64300 Heathrow
3 8 68 :3 7
4-2-2 km 40300 8700 49000
ICE IC EC 10 2.
4-4
6 6-1
6-2 (1) (2) (3) (4) () ()
ES EV