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1 1 2005 12 20062007 2008 12 12 4 199798 20062007 (92.2) 114,189 72,766 574 18,862 479 5,082 3,819 400 2,873 (3.1% 315 2,271 145 2,203 1,906 1,791 2,343 2,024 1,686 (1.9%) 319 1,476 331 1,145 (0.8) 1,008 156 1,097 521 922 320 (0.9) 1,084 544 764 527 216 287 (0.7) 842 171 276 455 156 347 (0.4) 544 225 197 123,829 (100.0) http://www.jasso.go.jp/statistics/intl_student/data08.html 100 12 23
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3 7524 5,769 (4,727) 24.4 (22.8) 17,612 (15,730) 74.5 (76.1) 162 (165) 0.7 (0.8) 48 (31) 0.2 (0.1) 42 (36) 0.2 (0.2) 23,633 (20,689) 100.0 (100.0) 2005 http://www.jasso.go.jp/statistics/intl_student/data07_s.html 5,769 (4,727) 24.4 (22.8) 48 (31) 0.2 (0.1) 42 (36) 0.2 (0.2) 3,646 (3,251) 15.4 (15.7) 8,359 (7,460) 35.4 (36.1) 162 (165) 0.7 (0.8) 5,607 (5,019) 23.7 (24.3) 23,633 (20,689) 100 (100) 2005 http://www.jasso.go.jp/statistics/intl_student/data07_s.html 25
4 (18351901) 1885( 18) (4)100 3 4 23 4 (12001253) (5) ()() (6) (7) 26
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4 1935 (18671916) (14) (15) identity 30
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(17) 300 12 (2008 8 1 2008 9 15 ) 1) 1992p.179. 2) 6 2006pp.55-64. 3) 2006 133 298 http://www.jpf.go.jp/j/japanese/survey/result/dl/2006-1.pdf 4) 7 1981pp.221-224. 5) 81 1965 p.94. 6) 81 p.94. 32
7) 81 p.94. 8) 36 1973p.453. 9) 1785 1 DNA 10) 8 1976p.314. 11) 1973p.144. 1935 12) 1997p.23 13) p.138. 14) () 17 1968p.411 15) () 17p.412 16) 1 11992p.8 17) 1991 pp.45-46. 1992 6 2006 7 1981pp.221-224 81 1965 36 1973 8 1976 1973 1997 1971 =() 7 1965 pp.351-522. () 171968 1 11992 1991 2008 2002 2004 E=M=2006 33
2000 ===() 2002 2003 2002 Q&A2007 2001 2006 2003 34
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2006 2008 3 2. QA 1994, pp. 3 5 35
(2001, p. 73) ( 1995, p. 51) (, p. 99) (, pp. 104 106) (, p. 107) 3. 3 3 1 36
37
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NIU. 2006. [ 1517 ]..1989.NHK.. 2001.. 1, pp. 73 116..1994. QA. 39
20(2008) NIU NIU (2001) 40
(p. 19) 30 ( 2001: 19) ( 2001: 19; 30-33) ( 2001: 33-35) ( 2002: 35-6) ( 2002: 35-6) ( 2001: 107) 41
(1997) (pp. 59-60) (1996) ( 1996: 92) ( 1997: 60) (2001) (pp. 95-6) (2001) (p. 116) ( 2001: 95-6) ( 2001: 118)(2001) (p. 93) 42
(p. 80) (2001) (p. 81)(2001) (pp. 110-1) ( 2001: 81) (1) NIU (2004) (pp. 212-3) 43
(2004) 44
(pp. 73-4) 45
46
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. 2001... 49