Kwansei Gakuin University Rep Title Author(s) 新しい 真の女性 を求めて : アメリカン ルネサンスのフェミニスト小説を読む Oi, Koji, 大井, 浩二 Citation 英米文学, 57: 104-120 Issue Date 2013-03-10 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10236/10850 Right http://kgur.kawansei.ac.jp/dspace
Synopsis: In her influential article, The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820 1860 Barbara Welter demonstrates that, in nineteenth-century America, true women were forced to play the roles of wife and mother in their private spheres and were expected to cultivate four cardinal virtues: piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity. By discussing Hannah Gardner Creamer s Delia s Doctors, Elizabeth Oakes Smith s Bertha and Lily and Laura Curtis Bullard s Christine, all published in the 1850s, this paper attempts to show how their feminist authors share a subversive attitude toward the then-popular ideal of womanliness and create exceptional heroines in their respective works who boldly defy the True Woman stereotype for the purpose of emancipating their sisters from socially imposed regulations. 1966 1820 1860 19 4 Welter 152 Welter 162
19 Welter 152 1820 60 3 3 19 75,000 4 F. O. 1850 3 1 1852 1796 1852 18
7 Baym vii 4 222 Baym viii 14 14 17!!!! 14 15 qtd. in Welter 172 73 15
18 21 19 48 49 49 52
165 168 69 171 72 173 10 177 177
181 82 S Reynolds 391 1848 7 19 20 4 184 185 185 186 256
257 257 259 Baym ix 19 9
158 19 2 1854 2 1806 1893 1840 2 155 Kent 4
79 201 80!!!!!!!!!!!
84 99 6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 100 100
332 332 4 200 4 A 160 Hawthorne 86 97,187
Hawthorne 147 1 2 19 3 1856 1831 1912 1856 2010 1988 Reynolds 392 25
18 122 157 159 163 173!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 174!!!!!!!!!!! 211 17
19 Kohn ix 278 266 30 1886 1847 Reynolds 393
2 332!!!! 19 Kohn xxxix 3
19 1852 56 3 1850 2011 2011 10 7 Works Cited and Consulted Baym, Nina. Introduction. Delia s Doctors: Or, A Glance Behind the Scenes. By Hannah Gardner Creamer. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003. vii xxx.. Woman s Fiction: A Guide to Novels by and about Women in America 1820 1870. 2nd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993. Borghi, Liana. The Deconstruction of Society in Certain Feminist Novels of the 1850s. Available on-line at www.library.vandebilt.edu/quaderno/quadrno1 /Q1.C8.Borghi.pdf. Bullard, Laura Curtis. Christine: Or, Woman s Trials & Triumphs. 1856. Ed. Denise M. Kohn. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2010. Creamer, Hannah Gardner. Delia s Doctors or, A Glance Behind the Scenes. 1852. Ed. Nina Baym. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003. Declaration of Sentiments. Available on-line at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/declaration_of_ Sentiments. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter: A Romance. 1850. Ed. Larzer Ziff. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1963. Kent, Holly. The Daughter of a New Era : Antebellum Feminist Discourse in Elizabeth Oakes Smith s Bertha and Lily. Available on-line at www.neiu/ thscherm/eos/kent.pdf. Kohn,DeniseM.Introduction.Christine: Or, Woman s Trials & Triumphs. By Laura Curtis Bullard. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2010. ix xiv.
Matthiessen, F. O. American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1941. Reynolds, David S. Beneath the American Renaissance: The Subversive Imagination in the Age of Emerson and Melville. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988. Smith, Elizabeth Oakes. Bertha and Lily: Or, The Parsonage of Beech Glen. 1854. Charleston: BiblioLife, 2009. Tompkins, Jane. Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790 1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Tracey, Karen. Plots and Proposals: American Women s Fiction, 1850 90. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000. Welter, Barbara The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820 1860. American Quarterly 18 Summer 1966 151 74.