-- 1990 90 P 4PProduct Program Process People 1 BIBB BE BE FMCG P&G 1
-- FMCG BESAL AI 2 BE 3 -- 2 2
- 2 12 1971 1974 1974 1986 1987 1989 SHISEIDO 1997 JTSHISEIDO AI 4 JT 100 5 1995 50 10 20 SHISEIDO 6 SHISEIDO BE AI 5 6 3
7 AI AV -- 1999 6 AV POP 2001 1 100 IT 900 2 841 2001 1 100 3 7 4
1,800 cc2,000 cc2,000 cc2,700 cc 2,400 cc2,700 ccsuv20 30 1020 1,112 SHISEIDO 2001 2 3 SHISEIDO BE () - -- -- BI BVBCBE 8 5
1 BEBE BV BI BB) BE 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 / David A. Aakar 19911996 9 10 6
2 Product - bound) Culture - bound 1996 1984 7
11 3 A B C Popular Popular Popular -- BE 8
BE BIBBBC BIBBBC 12 BE BI - -- 4 13 13 9
BI BB 4P s 1 2 3 4 BI BB BE BE 1999pp. 33-49 -- - -- P EMCSSC 10
EMC SSC EMC GBC MKC EMC SSC 1999p. 22 -- P GDP 500 45 1999 20 1997 1970 P P 11
GDP1 14 1997 7,000 1,000 1,000 557 226 580 120 2627 7,0008,000 EMC -- 4P SSC 4SSC 4 15 SSC 16 SSC CPCOO 17 17 ü 12
-- 4 SSC EMC 1 2 AV ( 1999) CP COO SSC SSC -- SSC 6 Natural Entry Barriers:NEB 13
1. 2. 3. ( 4. ( 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Usunier (1996), p.12, -- SSCCP COO 18 COO CP COO CP COO 14
CP COO CP COO -- SSC SSC - -- Hofstede1980 4 5 1 CP COO CP COO 2 1998 45 53 30 50 19 1994 359 270 20 49 10 17 7 19 15
5 COO 3 CP 4 10 17 7 1999 5 150 RV 30 45 2000 48 40 25 35 CP COO 5 CP COO 6 - -- (a)(b) 16
+100 +50 0-50 -100 17
5 4 3 2 1 (1) CP 21 COOCP CPCOO (2) (3) 20 199519982001 21 18
(4) (5)CPCOO CP COO (6) - -- (1) 5 (a) (2) 8(b) (3) 8(c) (Gürhan-Canli et al.2000) 19
COO 9.1 4.3 7.0 7.8 6.1 6.3 4.2 8.3 6.4 7.5 7.7 6.4 6.6 4.4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 51 16 15 9 6 49 2 9 24 2 6. 3 15 100 100 (17 20
0 0 116 92 13-24 -38 44 75-57 -1 91-15 -5-113 9-38 -137-84 65-83 119-33 -48-66 43 100 206 176 46 62 -- (1) COO 9(a) (2) 9(b) COO BE 21
(3) (4) 3 4 3 4 20 8.6 +85 +108-80 30 8.0 +77 +83-56 40 8.3 +64 +88-37 9(b) 20 4.8 30 40 4.6 4.6-93 -122-122 -118-141 -151 +34-4 -1 22
- (1) 10(a) CP COO 5 (2) 10(a) 3 (3) 10 9.2 4.5 7.6 8.4 6.4 7.0 6.0 6.2 8.5 8.0 7.8 6.7 6.7 6.3 22 23
26 26 25 10 13 34 20 18 16 12 * 100 98 120 87 50-196 -48-33 -14-36 - 75-120 -85-73 -40-31 79 10-23 23-128 * (c) 24
-- (1) COO CP (2) (3) 20 30 (4) 5 - -- (1) 11(a) (2) 11(b) 25
32 28 16 14 40 25 14 12 46 12 10 9 9 40 22 16 13 7 26
-- (1) COO (2) COO (3) 6 27
- -- 4 150 30 45 3 50 35 55 1999 -- COO COO (1) 12(a) 51 36 (2)COO 3 COO 12(b)COO CP COO GM 1999 1999 23 28
BMW 154 148100 110 107 12(b) 84 (3) 12(c) BMW 32 20 19 15 10 4 24 36 20 14 5 1 29
60 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 BMW GMFord 30
30 29 30 23 28 34 16 16 16 14 16 13 10 10 7 7 1 - -- (1) BE (2) COO CP (3) 31
SSC SSC SSC SSC (1) COO CPCOO (2) COO (3)CP COO (4) 32
COO CP COO COO C P AV POP 3 CP COO COO CP COO 33
COO BMW COO 20 30 4 SHISEIDO50 COO COO CP COO SSC 4P CP COO CP COO 34
ü 35
36
37