. Chomsky Halliday 1
2
... water, run a. b. water a. b. run water, run water run a. * * * vs He ran to the station [the water, her]. b. * vs The highway runs [*is running] along the coast. a. The play had a three-month run. b. The team scored three runs in the second inning. c. He built a new run for chickens. a a,b 3
a run a b b water b run a-c object substance stuff object object object object object object countable object l r h f b v a,,, a. b. a. b. a.,b a,b 4
,,,,,, :,,,..,, 5
, a. b. c. Taroo bought a book. d. A book was bought by Taroo. a d a,b b,d d b 6
: c d SVO a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a,b a,b a,b a,b.. 7
OED J.A.H.Murray Murray 8
bowwow mew a. b. c. d. a. b. a-d a,b : be can, may, must 9
have subject naïve cute pretty :... 10
sexual harassment man he woman, hostess, waitress chairman, policeman Miss Mrs. Ms. people person, human being, man he, she,he or she What makes more noise than a cat stuck in a tree? Two cats in a tree... broken, broken into thousands of pieces : a cat 11
a. b. c. a b b c 12
.. R.Benedict The Chrysanthemum and the Sword Patterns of Japanese Culture,, Houghton Mifflin Co. a. b. c. d. a d a b 13
c d c, d c,d a. a b. b c. c d. d. : a. b. c. d. e. a-e a-ca-c a b 14
Hiroki Sato One Hundred Frogs,, Whetherhill a b d a-c a d c e d b c c / / / b e d ad e this that, here there give 15
e a : a c b d. 16
Saussure Chomsky 17