21 1990 21 9 11 Terrorism attack 25 14 10 2 4 2 ODA 21
32 2002 21 61 400 150 0 2 3 18 18 1 0.3 0.4 20 50 1950 25 36 5 1995 1999 8 000 21 3 50 90 1 2 2000 5 22 100 120 500 21 Carbon dioxide, CO 2 2 21 3 2 The ASAHI GLASS FOUNDATION, A Better Future for the Planet Earth, 1997, pp. 35 43 3 1998 15 16
200 61 21 100 20 50 2 20 15 4 1980 1990 10 20 21 2010 5 21 4 1998 117 120 5 3 1 22 1998 1 41
32 2002 1993 1990 1992 1 1997 9 2000 23 1997 25 64 1 249 2 205 22 70 UAI 2008 3 1995 10 566 185 3.05 1.41 1998 0.76 1996 10 2.36 1995 6 1995 3 71 10 4 3 66.9 1 21 3 8 8 1 1 1998 20 6 2001 5
21 2001 3 1 2 628 4 805 21 3 500 0.169 1/3 7 6 5 9 1996 1997 3 2000 1 9 6 JR 2 4 ha 4 210 450 7 8 10 7 7 8 1999 3 121 128
32 2002 1 9 10 10 20 21 2001 7 6 Cost Benefit 1990 9 2001 67 85 2001 1 2 3 4 2
Plan Do Time is money 1 2 3 5 Who pay, who receive 1990 3 GDP 17 10 EU 6 8 GDP 10 9 2001 3 72 2002 1 36 8 4 4 1997 10 1999 2000 12 19.2 GDP 1 5.6 10
32 2002 GDP 6 10 1 21 4/5 10 2002 1 8 11 21 400 1 1 000 20 23 22.2 1 100 30 2010 100 1981 150 11 11 15 69 72
2 26 45 75 12 9 30 30 30 20 13 3 500 60 30.2 13 100 3 100 SI 100 100 SI SI 500 KSI SI SI 21 NIEUWLAND 21 2050 21 2 2 12 2001 8 16 13 24 2001 9 85 99 R. Capello P. Nijkamp, G. Pepping, Sustainable Cities and Energy Policies, p.19.
32 2002 NIEUWLAND 1995 5 500 800 3 000 1 000 5 14 20 14 Nieuwland, Het begin van een nieuw leven. Hoonte Holland, Utrecht, 2000, pp. 34 35. 15 98 13.3 39.2 30 2 10 3 5.4 50 2 500 8 20 16 21 21 15 Maraubn, Thilo, Beyond Pollution Control; Energy Efficiency Instruments in a Liberalised International Energy Market, Rudiger Wolfrum (Ed) Enforcing Environmental Standards: Economic Mechanisms as Viable Means, Springer,1996, pp. 301 320. 16 2050 2001 36
2 1978 1978 1979 1979 1982 1983 1987 1990 1995 1998 1998 1998 o 2001 2002