peer review
monitoring cost shirk effort level
influence cost B (1) M A B. Holmström, Moral Hazard in Team, The Bell Journal of Economics, Vol.13, 1982, 324 340p.
side contract (2) (3) rank order tournament M. Eswaran, A. Kotwal, The Moral Hazard of Budget-breaking, The Rand Journal of Economics, Vol.15, No.4, 1984, Winter, 578 581p. 1 1992
(4) 34 2004
(5) 2006 88
Senior Civil Service : SCS (6) 2008 3
(7) (8) 2005 11 12 2006 8
(9) (10) 4
NPM
(11) 4
OJT (12) 56 4 2003
(13) 1996 90 91
Plan Act Do Check Plan Do
Plan Do
(14) (15) (16) Foresight 5 14 16 2 1 1
(17) (18) 1 1969 5 15
(19) 2006 52 2 5,662 20,428 76 72 74 74 HP
S A B C D B C D (20) HP
OECD (21)
OECD 2005 103 104
(22) GDP 360 2002