21 3
20
17 21 3 1
1 6 1-1................................................. 6 1-2.................................. 6 1-3................ 7 1-4.................................. 8 1-5.......................... 9 1-6...................................... 10 1-7............................... 10 1-8................... 11 1-9............................................ 12 2 13 2-1 NPO............................... 13 2-1-1.............................. 13 2-1-2 NPO........................... 14 2-2.......................... 16 2-2-1 Triodos Bank........................ 17 2-2-2 Banca Etica......................... 18 2-2-3 GLS Gemeinschaftsbank für Leihen Und Schenken.......... 18 2-3 NPO...................................... 19 2-3-1 NPO....................................... 19 2-3-2................................................ 19 2-3-3 NPO................................. 21 2-4 NPO........... 24 2-4-1.................. 24 2-4-2 NPO............ 24 3 27 3-1................................................. 27 3-2.......................... 28 3-2-1 Millennium Development Goals.............. 28 3-2-2........................... 28 3-2-3................................ 29 3-3.................................. 29 3-3-1 1......................................... 30 3-3-2 M-PESA................. 31 3-3-3 Celpay 32 2
3-3-4 Mibanco................................. 33 3-3-5 5Money Express. 33 3-4................................................. 34 4 36 4-1................................................. 36 4-2.................................. 37 4-3............................. 38 4-3-1............................... 38 4-4........................................... 40 4-5................................................. 46 5 48 5-1................................................. 48 5-2................................................. 48 5-2-1.................................... 48 5-2-2............................................. 49 5-3................................................... 50 5-3-1............................................. 50 5-3-2............................................ 52 5-4................................................. 53 5-4-1.......................................... 53 5-5.................................................... 55 6 57 6-1................................................. 57 6-2.......................................... 58 6-3............................................... 59 6-4................................................. 60 6-4-1............................................. 60 6-4-2.......................................... 60 6-4-3.......................................... 61 6-4-4....................................... 61 6-4-5............................................ 61 6-4-6............................................. 61 6-4-7.......................................... 62 6-4-8.......................................... 62 6-5................................................. 62 6-6................................................... 64 6-7................................................. 66 6-8.................................................... 68 SCWG 2008 3
7 (SC) (STI) 82 7-1................ 82 7-1-1............................................. 82 7-1-2........................................ 83 7-1-3............................................ 84 7-2..................... 84 7-2-1.......................................... 84 7-2-2............................................. 85 7-2-3............................................. 85 7-3......................... 87 7-3-1..................................... 87 7-3-2......................................... 87 7-3-3......................................... 88 7-3-4 STI..................................... 88 7-4.................................................... 90 93 1.................................................... 93 2................................................. 93 2-1 (KAIST)...................................... 93 2-2.............................................. 97 2-3 (SERI)....................................... 101 2-4............................................... 104 2-5 (KOVA)................................. 106 7-4-1 2-6 (KICOX)................................ 108 2-6 (KICOX)..................................... 108 7-5 3.......................................... 110 3............................................. 110 4..................................................... 112 SCWG 2008 4
1 2 3 4 5 6, 7 NPO SCWG 2008 5
1 1 1-1 1-2 1 6
1 1-3 2 NPO SCWG 2008 7
1 NPO NPO 2006 500 5,000 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 1-4 3 2000 8 MDGs 2015 MDGs NPO SCWG 2008 8
1 3000US 55 7500 72 5 US MDGs 10,000 1-5 JGSS SCWG 2008 9
1 1-6 2 23 5 2001 10 150 1-7 IT 19 TAMA NPO SCWG 2008 10
1 6 Difference in Difference DID 1-8 7 6 STI STI STI STI STI STI STI SCWG 2008 11
1 STI STI 1-9 WG SCWG 2008 12
2 NPO 1 NPO NPO 2-1 NPO 2-1-1 TSA Consultancy Ltd2003 (1) Micro Finance Funds (2) Mutual Guarantee Funds (3) Credit Unions (4) Community Loan Funds (5) Community Venture Capital Funds (6) Social Banks 1 13
2 6 2 1980 2006 NPO 3 NPO 2-1-2 NPO NPO SF SF 2-1 SF 2-2/SF /SF /SF 3 SF 3 2-1: 2 1970 Community Development Financial Institution CDFICDFI NPO NPO 2007 3 NPO NPO 2-6 SCWG 2008 14
2 2-2: SF /SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF 2-3 SF SF SF /SF SF SF SF SCWG 2008 15
2 http://www.apbank.jp/lending/index.html 2-3: ap bank SF SF SF /SF SF SF SF 2-2 SF 2004 GLS 3 SCWG 2008 16