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1 Attendance Demand for J-League õ Shinsuke KAWAI* and Takeo HIRATA* Abstract The purpose of this study was to clarify the variables determining the attendance in J-league matches, using the 2,699 J-league matches held between 1993 `2005 season as a sample. There have been many studies about attendance demand in other countries, but there have been no such studies in Japan. By making a regression equation consisting of dependent variables such as attendance per match, and independent variables such as variables which determine the number of attendance, we clarified attendance demand. In the selection of independent variables, we added 4 J-league variables ("Existence of Professional Baseball Team", "Distance from Professional Baseball Team", "April", "October") to the variables used by existing literatures and extracting 21 independent variables. The result of regression analysis showed that the attendance demand model accounting dependent variable "Attendance" was about 51%. Except for 2 variables ("Population" and "Income"), the effect signs of variables agreed with existing literature. The results of variables such as "Distance", "Income", "Population" and "Existence of Professional Baseball Team", suggested the conditions which can boost up attendance in the future. Key words : Attendance Demand, Regression Analysis, J-League * Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, , Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan ( )

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9 10) Simmons, R. ; The demand for English League Football: A club-level analysis, Applied Economics, 28, pp , ) Forrest, D., et al. ; Broadcasting, attendance and the inefficiency of cartels, Review of Industrial Organization, 24, pp , ) Hart, R. A., et al. ; A statistical analysis of association football attendance, Applied Statistics, 24, pp.17-27, ) Garcia, J and Rodriguez, P. ; The determinants of football match attendance revisited : empirical evidence from Spanish Football League, Journal of Sports Economics, 3, pp.18-36, ) Dobson, S. M. and Goddard, J. A. ; The Economics 4) No11, R. ; Attendance and Price Setting, Government and the Sports Business, Washington, Institute, DC, Brookings 5) Borland, J. and Macdonald, R. ; Demand for sport, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19, pp , ) Bird, P. W. J. N. ; The demand for league football, Applied Economics, 14, pp , ) Allan, S. ; Satellite television and football attendance: the not so super effect, Applied Economics Letters, 11, pp , ) Forrest, D., Simmons, R. ; New issues in attendance demand: the case of the English football league, Journal of Sports Economics, 7, pp , ) Bulter, M, R. ; Interleague Play and Baseball Attendance, Journal of Sports Economics, 3, pp , ) Wilson, P. and Sim, B. ; The demand for Sei-pro League football in Malaysia : a panel data approach, Applied Economics, , pp , 15) Schofield, J. ; The Demand For Cricket, Applied Economics, 15, pp , ) Carmichael, F., et al. ; Elasticity of Demand for Rugby League Attendance and the Impact of B sky B, Applied Economics Letters, 6, pp , ) Welki, A. M., and Zlatoper, T. J. ; US Professional Football Game-Day Attendance, Atlantic Economic Journal, 27, pp , of Football, Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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