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ふじきみくまじ
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2 1 1 ping ping traceroute netstat netstat -i netstat -r netstat -s netstat -a ifconfig ifconfig ip route route nslookup nslookup type=soa type=ns type=mx type=any nslookup DNS host,dig

3 1 1 ping ping ping % ping -c 5 pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp PING pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ( ): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from : icmp_seq=0 ttl=45 time= ms --- pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ping statistics packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = /86.482/90.554/2.048 ms PING pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ( ): 56 data bytes pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp DNS IP 56 ICMP 1 [-c 5] 5 ping 64 bytes from : icmp_seq=0 ttl=45 time= ms 64bytes 64 ttl=45 pw192 TTL 2 45 time=85.889ms ICMP 8 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss 5 0% round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = /86.482/90.554/2.048 ms ms ms ICMPping 2 TTLTime To Live TTL 0 3 3

4 2 2 ping 1 ping % ping -c 5 -s 8184 pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp PING pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ( ): 8184 data bytes 8192 bytes from : icmp_seq=0 ttl=45 time= ms --- pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ping statistics packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = / / / ms % ping -c 5 -s 8185 pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp PING pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ( ): 8185 data bytes ping: sendto: Message too long --- pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ping statistics packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss % sudo ping -c 5 -s pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Password: PING pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ( ): data bytes bytes from : icmp_seq=1 ttl=45 time= ms bytes from : icmp_seq=2 ttl=45 time= ms bytes from : icmp_seq=3 ttl=45 time= ms bytes from : icmp_seq=4 ttl=45 time= ms --- pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ping statistics packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 20% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = / / /1.454 ms root 8185 root icmp_sec=

5 3 3 traceroute traceroute 1 ping traceroute ping % traceroute cyberbb.com traceroute to cyberbb.com ( ), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 server.local.yogi.fm ( ) ms ms ms 2 * * * 13 cyberbb.jp ( ) ms ms ms traceroute to cyberbb.com ( ), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets cyberbb.com( ) * * * traceroute ICMP Time Exceed 4 2 ICMP 13 cyberbb.com netstat netstat -i -r -s -a 4.1 netstat -i % netstat -i Name Mtu Network Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll lo <Link#1> lo localhost fw0* 2030 <Link#6> 00:14:51:ff:fe:99:b3:de ICMP Time Exceeded TTL 0 ICMP Time Exceeded Message traceroute TTL 1 5

6 Name nmtu Network Address IP Ipkts Ierrs Onpkts Oerrs Coll Name gif IPv6 IPv4 IP stf IPv6 IPv4 Six To Four en en0 en1 lo fwfirewire 4.2 netstat -r %netstat -r Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default server.local.yogi. UGSc 25 6 en /24 link#5 UCS 2 0 en1 server.local.yogi. 0:a:79:51:70:d0 UHLW en localhost UHS 0 0 lo ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWb 0 9 en1 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH lo link#5 UCS 0 0 en1 Internet6: Internet: IPv4 Internet6: IPv6 Destination Gateway 6

7 Flags Refs Use Netif Expire U: H: G: D: S: 4.3 netstat -s %netstat -s tcp: packets sent packets received 6872 connections established (including accepts) 7095 connections closed (including 156 drops) udp: datagrams received ip: total packets received icmp: 20 calls to icmp_error igmp: 906 messages received ipsec: 0 inbound packets processed successfully ip6: 4418 total packets received icmp6: 0 calls to icmp_error ipsec6: 0 inbound packets processed successfully rip6: 7

8 0 messages received pfkey: 0 requests sent to userland IN/OUT tcp IP udp IP 3 ip 300 icmp ip ping traceroute 20 igmp IP 906 ipsec ip6,icmp6,ipsec6 ip,icmp,ipsec IPv6 ip6 rip6 pfkey USAGI 8

9 4.4 netstat -a %netstat -a Active Internet connections (including servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address (state) tcp4 0 0 *.daap *.* LISTEN tcp4 0 0 *.* *.* CLOSED tcp4 0 0 localhost.netinfo-loca localhost.828 ESTABLISHED Active LOCAL (UNIX) domain sockets Address Type Recv-Q Send-Q Inode Conn Refs Nextref Addr 22105d8 stream /var/run/mdnsresponder Active Internet connections Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address IP Foreign Address IP State ESTABLISHED CLOSED LISTEN Active LOCAL (UNIX) domain sockets Address Type stream ( ) TCP stream dgram ( ) UDP dgram Inode inode Conn stream Refs dgram Nextref dgram 9

10 5 5 ifconfig ifconfig ifconfig -a %ifconfig lo0: flags=8049<up,loopback,running,multicast> mtu gif0: flags=8010<pointopoint,multicast> mtu 1280 stf0: flags=0<> mtu 1280 en0: flags=8863<up,broadcast,smart,running,simplex,multicast> mtu 1500 en1: flags=8863<up,broadcast,smart,running,simplex,multicast> mtu 1500 fw0: flags=8822<broadcast,smart,simplex,multicast> mtu 2030 %ifconfig -a % ifconfig en0 en0: flags=8863<up,broadcast,smart,running,simplex,multicast> mtu 1500 inet netmask 0xff broadcast a -a 6 6 ifconfig ip ifconfig IP IP A,B,C ifconfig % ifconfig en0 en0: flags=8863<up,broadcast,smart,running,simplex,multicast> mtu 1500 ether 00:14:51:99:b3:de 10

11 media: autoselect (none) status: inactive supported media: none autoselect % sudo ifconfig en % ifconfig en0 en0: flags=8863<up,broadcast,smart,running,simplex,multicast> mtu 1500 inet netmask 0xff broadcast ether 00:14:51:99:b3:de media: autoselect (none) status: inactive supported media: none autoselect A inet netmask 0xff broadcast route route / /24 netstat -r LAN or LAN % sudo route add % netstat -r UGHS 0 0 en1 % sudo route delete delete host : gateway % netstat -r route netstat flag U S 8 8 route route LAN netstat -r % sudo route add default route: writing to routing socket: File exists add net default: gateway : File exists 11

12 % netstat -r default UGSc 16 6 en netstat default U 9 9 nslookup nslookup IP IP 9.1 % nslookup % nslookup > pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Server: Address: #53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Address: % nslookup pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Server: Address: #53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Address: IP server:(dns ) Address:(DNS IP ) Name:( ) Address:(Name IP ) Non-authoritative answer: pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp DNS 11 DNS ** server can t find < >: NXDOMAIN 12

13 9.2 % nslookup > Server: Address: #53 Non-authoritative answer: in-addr.arpa name = pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp. Authoritative answers can be found from: in-addr.arpa nameserver = kanai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp in-addr.arpa nameserver = nirai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp. kanai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp internet address = kanai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp has AAAA address 2001:2f8:1c:d048::850d:3003 nirai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp internet address = nirai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp has AAAA address 2001:2f8:1c:d048::850d:3002 % nslookup Server: Address: #53 Non-authoritative answer: in-addr.arpa name = pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp. Authoritative answers can be found from: in-addr.arpa nameserver = nirai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp in-addr.arpa nameserver = kanai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp. kanai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp internet address = kanai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp has AAAA address 2001:2f8:1c:d048::850d:3003 nirai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp internet address = nirai.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp has AAAA address 2001:2f8:1c:d048::850d:3002 IP name = ( ) Authoritative answers can be found from: DNS DNS internet address = (IPv4 IP ) AAAA address = (IPv6 IP ) 13

14 10 10 nslookup nslookup SOA NS MX nslookup set type=soa NS MX ANY 10.1 type=soa % nslookup > set type=soa > yogi.fm Server: Address: #53 yogi.fm origin = ns.yogi.fm mail addr = root.yogi.fm serial = refresh = retry = 3600 expire = minimum = SOA origin = ( ) mail addr = ( ) serial = ( ) refresh = ( ) retry = ( ) expire = ( ) minimum = ( ) 14

15 10.2 type=ns > set type=ns > yogi.fm Server: Address: #53 yogi.fm nameserver = ns0.xname.org. yogi.fm nameserver = ns1.xname.org. yogi.fm nameserver = ns.yogi.fm. nameserver = (DNS ) 10.3 type=mx > set type=mx > yogi.fm Server: Address: #53 yogi.fm mail exchanger = 10 server.yogi.fm. mail exchanger = ( ) ( ) 10.4 type=any > set type=any > yogi.fm Server: Address: #53 yogi.fm origin = ns.yogi.fm mail addr = root.yogi.fm serial = refresh = retry = 3600 expire = minimum = yogi.fm nameserver = ns1.xname.org. yogi.fm nameserver = ns.yogi.fm. 15

16 yogi.fm nameserver = ns0.xname.org. Name: yogi.fm Address: yogi.fm mail exchanger = 10 server.yogi.fm. SOA NS MX nslookup DNS nslookup resolv.conf DNS DNS 8 IP % nslookup > server Default server: Address: #53 > server Default server: Address: #53 > pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Server: Address: #53 Name: pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Address: >server DNS nirai DNS >server <DNS > pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp DNS nirai Non-authoritative answer: host,dig BIND9 nslookup host dig host 16

17 % host pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp has address % host in-addr.arpa domain name pointer pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp. --dig % dig pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ;; ANSWER SECTION: pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp IN A % dig in-addr.arpa ptr ;; ANSWER SECTION: in-addr.arpa IN PTR pw192.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp. host nslookup host < > host <IP > dig dig < > dig <IP >.in-addr.arpa ptr in-addr.arpa ptr host % host -t SOA yogi.fm yogi.fm has SOA record ns.yogi.fm. root.yogi.fm % host -t NS yogi.fm yogi.fm name server ns1.xname.org. yogi.fm name server ns.yogi.fm. yogi.fm name server ns0.xname.org. % host -t MX yogi.fm 17

18 yogi.fm mail is handled by 10 server.yogi.fm. % host -t ANY yogi.fm yogi.fm has address yogi.fm mail is handled by 10 server.yogi.fm. yogi.fm has SOA record ns.yogi.fm. root.yogi.fm yogi.fm name server ns.yogi.fm. yogi.fm name server ns0.xname.org. yogi.fm name server ns1.xname.org. --dig % dig -t SOA yogi.fm ;; ANSWER SECTION: yogi.fm IN SOA ns.yogi.fm. root.yogi.fm % dig -t NS yogi.fm ;; ANSWER SECTION: yogi.fm IN NS ns0.xname.org. yogi.fm IN NS ns1.xname.org. yogi.fm IN NS ns.yogi.fm. % dig -t MX yogi.fm ;; ANSWER SECTION: yogi.fm IN MX 10 server.yogi.fm. % dig -t ANY yogi.fm ;; ANSWER SECTION: yogi.fm IN NS ns.yogi.fm. yogi.fm IN NS ns0.xname.org. host host -t < > < > dig dig -t < > < > 18

19 host % host yogi.fm Using domain server: Name: Address: #53 Aliases: yogi.fm has address Using domain server: Name: Address: #53 Aliases: --dig % dig ;; ANSWER SECTION: yogi.fm IN A ;; SERVER: #53( ) host % host < > <DSN > dig % dig < > [1] Wikipedia [3] LINUX [4] IT e-words [5] The FreeBSD Project [6] Linux Software [7] 19

065763J ping ping pw ping % ping -c 5 pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp PING pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ( ): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from

065763J ping ping pw ping % ping -c 5 pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp PING pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ( ): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 065763J 5 22 1 1 ping ping pw ping % ping -c 5 pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp PING pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp (133.13.49.193): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 133.13.49.193: icmp_seq=0 ttl=62 time=2.628 ms 64