橡Exif0210JPDFDraftB.PDF

Transcription

1 JEIDA Exif Version 2.1 JEIDA

2 Version i Exif Version Version Version1.1 ii Exif Exif Version 1.x Exif Version 2.0 iii Version 2.1 Version 1.1 Version 2.1 4:2:0 FlashPix FlashPix APP2 Interoperability IFD (Version 2.1) D.4 ExifR98 (Version 2.1) Exif Exif-1 2 8,16 ExifVersion Tag 2.1 (Version 2.1)

3 Windows TM Microsoft FlashPix TM Kodak

4 Exif Exif Exif Exif RGB YCbCr JPEG IFD Exif IFD TIFF Rev Exif IFD GPS JPEG JPEG...68

5 APP APP Exif Exif WAVE Form Audio File PCM Audio Data Law Audio Data IMA-ADPCM Audio Data WAVE Form Audio File LIST INFO Exif A Exif A.1 RGB A.2 YCbCr A.3 JPEG 4:2: A.4 JPEG 4:2: B B.1 PCM Audio Data B.2 -Law Audio Data B.3 IMA-ADPCM Audio Data C D APEX

6 D D D E E.1 RGB E E F FlashPix F F F.3 FlashPix APP

7 PC DSC 1.2. DSC PC Removable Memory Exif Exchangeable image file format "Exif" 1.3. Exif Exif Fig. 1 D Exif Exif Fig

8 1.4. Exif Exif Exif JPEG ISO/IEC iv APP1 APP2 TIFF Rev.6.0 v TIFF Rev.6.0 TIFF DSC Exif Exif APP1 TIFF Rev.6.0 Exif 64kByte APP2 APP2 FlashPix vi Exif PC DSC Exif 2-2 -

9 1.5. Exif Exif Exif RIFF WAVE Form Audio File vii PCM -Law PCM ITU-T G.711 viii IMA-ADPCM ix INFO Exif Exif Exif Exif INFO Exif PC DSC Exif 3-3 -

10

11 1.7. PC PC DSC PC Fig. 2 Exif Exif 1 Exif 2 Exif (FlashPix) Fig

12 2. Exif 2.1. Exif JPEG Byte A1, A2, B1, B2 A1, A2 B1, B2 B1, B2 A1, A2-6 -

13 2.3. ".H " IFD 0th IFD 1st IFD JPEG - 7 -

14 JPEG Number of lines ImageLength Number of samples / line ImageWidth 8 16 JPEG : RGB 4:4:4 YCbCr4:2:2 YCbCr4:2:0 8bit Y CbCr w h Fig. 3 YCbCr 4:2:2 TV YCbCr 4:2:0 PC TIFF - 8 -

15 w-2 w-1 h-2 h-1 R,G,B 1) RGB 4:4: w-2 w w/2-1 h-2 h-1 Y h-2 h-1 Cb, Cr 2) YCbCr 4:2:2 ( ) w-2 w w/2-1 h-2 h-1 Y h-2 h-1 Cb, Cr 3) YCbCr 4:2:2 ( ) w-2 w w/2-1 h-2 h-1 h/2-1 Y Cb, Cr 4) YCbCr 4:2:0 ( ) w-2 w w/2-1 h-2 h-1 h/2-1 Y Cb, Cr 5) YCbCr 4:2:0 ( ) Fig

16 JPEG w h Fig. 4 R[0,0] G[0,0] B[0,0] R[1,0] G[1,0] B[1,0] R[w-2,h-2] G [w-2,h-2] B [w-2,h-2] R[w-1,h-1] G[w-1,h-1] B[w-1,h-1] 1) RGB 4:4:4 R[0,0] R[1,0]... R[w-1,h-1] G[0,0] G[1,0]... G[w-1,h-1] B[0,0] B[1,0]... 2) RGB 4:4:4 B[w-1,h-1] Y[0,0] Y[1,0] Cb[0,0] Cr[0,0] Y[2,0] Y[3,0] Cb[w/2-2,h/2-1] Cr [w/2-2,h/2-1] Y[w-2,h-1] Y[w-1,h-1] Cb[w/2-1,h/2-1] Cr[w/2-1,h/2-1] 3) YCbCr 4:2:2 Y[0,0] Y[1,0] Y[0,1] Y[1,1] Cb[0,0] Cr[0,0] Y[w-2,h-2] Y[w-1,h-2] Y[w-2,h-1] Y[w-1,h-1] Cb[w/2-1,h/2-1] Cr[w/2-1,h/2-1] 4) YCbCr 4:2:0 Y block [0,0] Y block [1,0] Cb block [0,0] Cr block [0,0] Y block [2,0] Y block [3,0] Cb block [w/16-2,h/8-1] Cr block [w/16-2,h/8-1] Y block [w/8-2,h/8-1] Y block [w/8-1,h/8-1] Cb block [w/16-1,h/8-1] Cr block [w/16-1,h/8-1] 5) JPEG 4:2:2 Y block [0,0] Y block [1,0] Y block [0,1] Y block [1,1] Cb block [0,0] Cr block [0,0] Y block [w/8-2,h/8-2] Y block [w/8-1,h/8-2] Y block [w/8-2,h/8-1] Y block [w/8-1,h/8-1] Cb block [w/16-1,h/16-1] Cr block [w/16-1,h/16-1] 6) JPEG 4:2:0 Fig

17 RGB Baseline TIFF Rev.6.0 RGB Full Color Images v YCbCr TIFF Rev.6.0 Extensions YCbCr Images v JPEG JPEG Baseline ADCT iv DSC APP1 APP1 TIFF RGB RGB Baseline TIFF Rev.6.0 RGB Full Color Images v TIFF Rev.6.0 Exif TIFF Exif IFD Fig. 5 TIFF IFD Value File Header 0th IFD 0th IFD Value 1st IFD 1st IFD Value 1st thumbnail Image Data 0th primary Image Data

18 TIFF Header 0th IFD for Primary Image Data ImageWidth. StripOffsets. Exif IFD Pointer GPS IFD Pointer Next IFD Pointer. Value of 0th IFD. Exif IFD Exif Private Tag) Exif Version DateTimeDigitized.. Value of Exif IFD. GPS IFD GPS Info Tag) GPS Version.. Value of GPS IFD. 1st IFD for Thumbnail Data ImageWidth. StripOffsets.. Value of 1st IFD. Thumbnail Data Primary Image Data Strip 1 Strip 2.. Strip L Fig. 5 File Header TIFF 8byte Offset of IFD 0th IFD Table 1 0th IFD Offset of Next IFD 1st IFD 1st 0th IFD Offset of Next IFD H

19 IFD Table 1 TIFF Name Size Byte Value Byte Order A.H CPU "II" 4949.H "MM" 4D4D.H Offset of IFD 4 0th IFD TIFF 0th IFD H YCbCr YCbCr TIFF Rev.6.0 Extensions YCbCr Images v YCbCr RGB RGB-YCbCr YCbCrCoefficients YCbCrSubSampling YCbCrPositioning RGB

20 JPEG ISO/IEC iv JPEG Baseline DCT APP1 SOI Fig. 6 APP2 APP1 Exif APP1 APP2 APPn COM Exif Exif APP1 SOI APP1 (APP2) 1 Exif 2 FlashPix APP1 Marker APP1 Length Exif TIFF Header 0th IFD 0th IFD Value DQT DHT DRI) SOF SOS 1st IFD 1st IFD Value 1st IFD EOI Fig. 6 APP1 APP1 Exif APP1 JPEG 64kByte File Header TIFF IFD 0th IFD, 1st IFD 0th IFD 1st IFD APP2 APP2 FPXR FlashPix Ready FlashPix 64kByte APP

21 st IFD RGB YCbCr JPEG Table 2 Table 2 Baseline TIFF Rev.6.0 RGB Full Color Images TIFF Rev.6.0 Extensions YCbCr Images 1st IFD Exif Compression "6" 1st IFD JPEGInterchangeFormat JPEGInterchangeFormatLength Baseline DCT JPEG SOI EOI JPEG APPn COM Fig. 7 TIFF JPEG 1st IFD

22 Exif SOI APP1 DQT DHT SOF SOS Compressed Data APP1 APP1 Marker Length Exif TIFF Header 0th IFD Exif IFD 1st IFD JPEGInterchangeFormat JPEGInterchangeFormatLength JPEG Thumbnail SOI DQT DHT SOF SOS Compressed Data EOI EOI Fig. 7 Exif

23 RGB Baseline TIFF Rev.6.0 RGB Full Color Images YCbCr TIFF Rev.6.0 Extensions YCbCr Images TIFF TIFF DSC TIFF DSC GPS TIFF Exif JPEG Baseline IFD IFD TIFF Revision IFD Tag 2-3 Type 4-7 Count 8-11 Value Offset TIFF Revision

24 Tag 2 Exif 0th IFD 1st IFD TIFF Type Exif 1 = BYTE 8 2 = ASCII 7 ASCII 8 NULL ASCII NULL 3 = SHORT = LONG = RATIONAL LONG2 LONG 2 LONG 7 = UNDEFINED 8 9 = SLONG = SRATIONAL SLONG2 SLONG 2 SLONG Count SHORT 16 2 '1' Value Offset TIFF SHORT H Value

25 Exif IFD A. Exif IFD Exif IFD Exif Exif TIFF Value Offset Exif IFD Exif IFD Pointer Tag Type = H = LONG Count = 1 Default = Exif IFD TIFF IFD TIFF B. GPS IFD GPS IFD GPS GPS TIFF Value Offset GPS IFD GPS Info IFD Pointer Tag Type = H = LONG Count = 1 Default = GPS Info IFD Exif IFD C. IFD IFD Exif IFD IFD Interoperability IFD Pointer Tag Type = A005.H = LONG Count = 1 Default = IFD TIFF IFD TIFF

26 - 20 -

27 TIFF Rev.6.0 Exif Baseline TIFF Rev.6.0 RGB Full Color Images TIFF Rev.6.0 Extensions YCbCr Images DSC TIFF Table 3 Table 3 Exif TIFF Rev.6.0 Field Name Dec Hex A. ImageWidth SHORT or LONG 1 ImageLength SHORT or LONG 1 BitsPerSample SHORT 3 Compression SHORT 1 PhotometricInterpretation SHORT 1 Orientation SHORT 1 SamplesPerPixel SHORT 1 PlanarConfiguration C SHORT 1 YCC C YCbCrSubSampling SHORT 2 YCC Y C YCbCrPositioning SHORT 1 XResolution A RATIONAL 1 YResolution B RATIONAL 1 ResolutionUnit SHORT 1 B. StripOffsets SHORT or LONG *S RowsPerStrip SHORT or LONG 1 StripByteCounts SHORT or LONG *S JPEG SOI JPEGInterchangeFormat LONG 1 JPEG JPEGInterchangeFormatLength LONG 1 C. TransferFunction D SHORT 3 * 256 WhitePoint E RATIONAL 2 PrimaryChromaticities F RATIONAL 6 YCbCrCoefficients RATIONAL 3 ReferenceBlackWhite RATIONAL 6 D. DateTime ASCII 20 ImageDescription E ASCII Any Make F ASCII Any Model ASCII Any Software ASCII Any Artist B ASCII Any / Copyright ASCII Any * StripPerImage SamplePerImage StripPerImage StripsPerImage = floor ImageLength + RowPerStrip -1 / RowPerStrip

28 A. ImageWidth JPEG JPEG Tag = H Type = SHORT or LONG Count = 1 Default = ImageLength JPEG JPEG Tag = H Type = SHORT or LONG Count = 1 Default = BitsPerSample 1 8bit 8 SamplesPerPixel JPEG JPEG Tag = H Type = SHORT Count = 3 Default = Compression JPEG JPEG 6 Tag = H Type = SHORT Count = 1 Default = 1 = 6 = JPEG =

29 PhotometricInterpretation JPEG JPEG Tag = H Type = SHORT Count = 1 Default = 2 = RGB 6 = YCbCr = Orientation Tag = H Type = SHORT Count = 1 Default = 1 1 = 0 visual top 0 visual left-hand side 2 = 0 0 visual right-hand side 3 = 0 visual bottom 0 4 = = = = = 0 0 = SamplesPerPixel 1 RGB YCbCr 3 JPEG JPEG Tag = H Type = SHORT Count = 1 Default = 3 PlanarConfiguration JPEG

30 JPEG TIFF 1 Tag = C.H Type = SHORT Count = 1 1 = chunky 2 = planar = YCbCrSubSampling JPEG JPEG Tag Type = H = SHORT Count = 2 [2, 1] = YCbCr4:2:2 [2, 2] = YCbCr4:2:0 = YCbCrPositioning JPEG YCbCr TIFF 1 YCbCr4:2:2 TV 2 TIFF YCbCr4:2:0 TIFF YCbCrPositioning TIFF 1 Tag = H Type = SHORT Count = 1 Default = 1 1 = 2 = cosited =

31 YCbCrPositioning = 1 YCbCrPositioning = 2 (centered) (co-sited) a) Y:Cb:Cr = 4:2:2 YCbCrPositioning = 1 YCbCrPositioning = 2 (centered) (co-sited) b) Y:Cb:Cr = 4:2:0 Luminance Sample Chrominance Sample Fig. 8 YCbCrPositioning XResolution ImageWidth 1 ResolutionUnit 72[dpi] Tag = A.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = 72 YResolution ImageLength 1 ResolutionUnit XResolution Tag = B.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = 72 ResolutionUnit XResolution YResolution XResolution YResolution 2 Tag = H Type = SHORT

32 Count = 1 Default = 2 2 = 3 = =

33 B. StripOffsets 64 Byte JPEG RowsPerStrip StripByteCounts Tag = H Type = SHORT or LONG Count = StripsPerImage...PlanarConfiguration = 1 = SamplesPerPixel StripsPerImage...PlanarConfiguration = 2 Default = 1 RowsPerStrip 1 1 JPEG Tag = H Type = SHORT or LONG Count = 1 Default = StripByteCounts JPEG Tag = H Type = SHORT or LONG Count = StripsPerImage PlanarConfiguration = 1 Default = SamplesPerPixel StripsPerImage PlanarConfiguration = 2 JPEG S OI JPEGInterchangeFormat JPEG SOI JPEG JPEG Tag = H Type = LONG Default =

34 JPEG JPEGInterchangeFormatLength JPEG JPEG JPEG SOI EOI JPEG APPn COM APP1 64kByte Tag = H Type = LONG Default =

35 C. TransferFunction Tag = D.H Type = SHORT Count = 3 * 256 Default = WhitePoint Tag = E.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 2 Default = PrimaryChromaticities 3 Tag = F.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 6 Default = YCbCrCoefficients RGB YCbCr TIFF E Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 3 Default = E ReferenceBlackWhite TIFF

36 Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 6 Default = [0, 255, 0, 255, 0, 255] PhotometricInterpretation RGB [0, 255, 0, 128, 0, 128] PhotometricInterpretation YCbCr

37 D. DateTime "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS" 24 1 ":" 20.H NULL 20 Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = 20 Default = ImageDescription "1988 company picnic" 2 2 Exif Private UserComment Tag = E.H Type = ASCII Count = Any Default = Make DSC Tag = F.H Type = ASCII Count = Any Default = Model DSC Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = Any

38 Default = Software "Exif Software Version 1.00a" Tag = h Type = ASCII Count = Any Default = Artist "Camera owner, John Smith:Photographer, Michael Brown:Image creator, Ken James" Tag = Bh Type = ASCII Count = Any Default = Copyright "Copyright, John Smith, 19xx. All rights reserved." NULL NULL 2 NULL 1 NULL 2 1 NULL NULL 00.H + + NULL 00.H 2 + NULL 00.H

39 3 Space 20.H + NULL 00.H + + NULL 00.H Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = Any Default =

40 Exif IFD Exif IFD Table 4 Table 5 Field Name Table 4 Exif IFD (1) Dec Hex A. Exif Exif Version UNDEFINED 4 FlashPixVersion A000 UNDEFINED 4 B. ColorSpace A001 SHORT 1 C. ComponentsConfiguration UNDEFINED 4 CompressedBitsPerPixel RATIONAL 1 PixelXDimension A002 SHORT or LONG 1 PixelYDimension A003 SHORT or LONG 1 D. MakerNote C UNDEFINED Any UserComment UNDEFINED Any E. RelatedSoundFile A004 ASCII 13 F. DateTimeOriginal ASCII 20 DateTimeDigitized ASCII 20 DateTime SubSecTime ASCII Any DateTimeOriginal SubSecTimeOriginal ASCII Any DateTimeDigitized SubSecTimeDigitized ASCII Any G. Table 5 H. IFD IFD Interoperabiliy IFD Pointer A005 LONG

41 Table 5 Exif IFD (2) G. ExposureTime A RATIONAL 1 F FNumber D RATIONAL 1 ExposureProgram SHORT 1 SpectralSensitivity ASCII Any ISO ISOSpeedRatings SHORT Any OECF UNDEFINED Any ShutterSpeedValue SRATIONAL 1 ApertureValue RATIONAL 1 BrightnessValue SRATIONAL 1 ExposureBiasValue SRATIONAL 1 MaxApertureValue RATIONAL 1 SubjectDistance RATIONAL 1 MeteringMode SHORT 1 LightSource SHORT 1 Flash SHORT 1 FocalLength A RATIONAL 1 FlashEnergy A20B RATIONAL 1 SpatialFrequencyResponse A20C UNDEFINED Any FocalPlaneXResolution A20E RATIONAL 1 FocalPlaneYResolution A20F RATIONAL 1 FocalPlaneResolutionUnit A210 SHORT 1 SubjectLocation A214 SHORT 2 ExposureIndex A215 RATIONAL 1 SensingMethod A217 SHORT 1 FileSource A300 UNDEFINED 1 SceneType A301 UNDEFINED 1 CFA CFAPattern A302 UNDEFINED Any

42 A. Exif Exif Version 2.2 4Byte ASCII "0210" Type UNDEFINED NULL Tag = H Type = UNDEFINED Count = 4 Default = "0210" FlashPix FlashPixVersion FPXR FlashPix FPXR FlashPix Ver.1.0 ExifVersion 4Byte ASCII "0100" Type UNDEFINED NULL Tag = A000.H Type = UNDEFINED Count = 4 Default = "0100" 0100 = FlashPix Format Version 1.0 =

43 B. ColorSpace ColorSpace PC srgb =1 srgb Uncalibrated =FFFF.H FlashPix srgb srgb E Tag = A001.H Type = SHORT Count = 1 1 = srgb FFFF.H = Uncalibrated =

44 C. PixelXDimension F Tag = A002.H Type = SHORT or LONG Count = 1 Default = PixelYDimension F SOF Tag = A003.H Type = SHORT or LONG Count = 1 ComponentsConfiguration 1 4 PhotometricInterpretation PhotometricInterpretation YCbCr Y,Cb,Cr Tag = H Type = UNDEFINED Count = 4 Default = RGB = 1 = Y 2 = Cb 3 = Cr 4 = R 5 = G 6 = B

45 = CompressedBitsPerPixel bit/pel Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default =

46 D. MakerNote Exif Tag = C.H Type = UNDEFINED Count = Any Default = UserComment ImageDescription Exif Tag = H Type = UNDEFINED Count = Any Default = UserComment 8 NULL "00.H" Table 6 Count N 8 TYPE ASCII NULL Fig. 9 Table 6 8Byte ASCII 41.H, 53.H, 43.H, 49.H, 49.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H ITU-T T.50 IA5 x JIS 4A.H, 49.H, 53.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H JIS X xi Unicode 55.H, 4E.H, 49.H, 43.H, 4F.H, 44.H, 45.H, 00.H Unicode Standard xii Undefined 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H Undefined

47 Exif Private Tag Exif IFD Exif Version.. UserComment Value of Exif IFD.... 8Byte.. Fig. 9 UserComment JIS ASCII Defined Undefined Undefined UndefinedText 8 "NULL" "00.H" UserComment Exif UserComment Exif Table 7 Table 7 Defined Undefined Exif Defined JIS ASCII Undefined PC Shift-JIS NULL Undefined UserComment ASCII 20.H

48 E. RelatedSoundFile Exif '.' ASCII erel Exif APP2 FlashPix Exif Exif Table 8 3 Table [2] [3] 1 1 Table 8 [3] Exif "DSC00001.JPG" Exif "SND00001.WAV" 3 Exif "SND00001.WAV" "SND00002.WAV" "SND00003.WAV" Exif "DSC00001.JPG" ASCII NULL Table 8 Exif Exif [1] 1 1 DSC00001.JPG SND00001.WAV DSC00001.JPG SND00001.WAV [2] 1 DSC00002.JPG DSC00003.JPG DSC00001.JPG SND00001.WAV [3] 1 SND00002.WAV SND00003.WAV Tag = A004.H Type = ASCII Count =

49 Default = F. DateTimeOriginal DSC "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS" H 1 ":" NULL 20 Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = 20 Default = DateTimeDigitized DSC DateTimeOriginal DateTimeDigitized "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS" H ":" NULL 20 Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = 20 Default = DateTime SubsecTime DateTime Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = Any Default = DateTimeOriginal SubsecTim eoriginal DateTimeOriginal Tag H

50 Type N ASCII Any Default = DateTimeDigitized SubsecTimeDigitized DateTimeDigitized Tag Type N H ASCII Any Default = SubsecTime, SubsecTimeOriginal, SubsecTimeDigitized ASCII NULL 2 Value 4 ASCII NULL 4 5 Value Offset DateTime TIFF Rev 6.0 Exif IFD DateTime 1996:09:01 09:15:30 [NULL] SubSecTime 130 [NULL] 20.H ) '1','3','0',[NULL] 2) '1','3','0',[20.H],[NULL] 3) '1','3','0', [20.H], [20.H], [20.H], [20.H], [20.H], [NULL] 4) [20.H], [20.H], [20.H], [20.H], [20.H], [20.H], [20.H], [20.H], [NULL]

51 G. ExposureTime sec Tag = A.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = ShutterSpeedValue APEX Additive System of Photographic Exposure C Tag = H Type = SRATIONAL Count = 1 Default = ApertureValue APEX Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = B V BrightnessValue APEX Tag = H Type = SRATIONAL Count = 1 Default = ExposureBiasValue APEX Tag = H Type = SRATIONAL Count =

52 Default = MaxApertureValue APEX Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = SubjectDistance m Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = MeteringMode Tag = H Type = SHORT Count = 1 Default = 0 0 = 1 = Average 2 = CenterWeightedAverage 3 = Spot 4 = MutiSpot 5 = Pattern 6 = Partial = 255 = LightSource Tag = H Type = SHORT

53 Count = 1 Default = 0 0 = 1 = 2 = 3 = 17 = A 18 = B 19 = C 20 = D55 21 = D65 22 = D = 255 = Flash Fig. 10 MSB LSB Tag = H Type = SHORT Count = 1 Fig. 10 bit0 0b 1b = = bit1,2 00b 01b 10b 11b = = = = Flash

54 0000.H = 0001.H = 0005.H = 0007.H = = FocalLength mm 35mm Tag Type = A.H = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = F FNumber F Tag Type = D.H = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = ExposureProgram Tag Type = H = SHORT Count = 1 Default = 0 0 = 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = creative 6 = action 7 = 8 = landscape =

55 SpectralSensitivity ASTM Technical committee xiii ASCII Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = Any Default = ISO ISOSpeedRatings ISO xiv ISO Speed ISO Latitude Tag = H Type = SHORT Count = Any Default = OECF ISO xv OECF OECF DSC Tag = H Type = UNDEFINED Count = ANY Default = m n Fig. 11 Length Type 2 SHORT = n 2 SHORT = m Any ASCII 0 NULL : : : Any ASCII n-1 NULL 8 SRATIONAL OECF [0,0] : : : 8 SRATIONAL OECF [n-1,0] 8 SRATIONAL OECF [0,m-1] : : : 8 SRATIONAL OECF [n-1,m-1] Fig

56 Table 9 Table 9 RGB log R G B FlashEnergy Beam Candle Power Seconds BCPS Tag Type = A20B.H = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = SpatialFrequencyResponse ISO xvi SFR SFR SFR SFR Tag = A20CH Type = UNDEFINED Count = ANY Default = m n Fig. 12 Length Type 2 SHORT = n 2 SHORT = m Any ASCII 0 NULL : : : Any ASCII n-1 NULL 8 RATIONAL SFR [0,0] : : : 8 RATIONAL SFR [n-1,0] 8 RATIONAL SFR [0,m-1] : : : 8 RATIONAL SFR [n-1,m-1] Fig

57 Table 10 lw/ph Table FocalPlaneXResolution FocalPlaneResolutionUnit X Tag = A20E.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = FocalPlaneYResolution FocalPlaneResolutionUnit Y Tag = A20F.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = FocalPlaneResolutionUnit FocalPlaneXResolution FocalPlaneYResolution ResolutionUnit Tag = A210.H Type = SHORT Count = 1 Default = 2 inch FocalLength

58 SubjectLocation Rotation X Y Tag = A214.H Type = SHORT Count = 2 Default = ExposureIndex Tag = A215.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = SensingMethod Tag = A217.H Type = SHORT Count = 1 Default = 1 = 2 = 3 = 2 4 = 3 5 = 7 = 3 8 = = FileSource DSC 3 DSC Tag Type = A300.H = UNDEFINED Count =

59 Default = 3 3 = DSC = SceneType DSC 1 Tag = A301.H Type = UNDEFINED Count = 1 Default = 1 1 = = CFA CFAPattern CFA color filter array sensing method Tag = A302.H Type = UNDEFINED Count = ANY m n CFA Fig. 13 Length Type 2 SHORT = n 2 SHORT = m 1 BYTE CFA [0.0] : : : 1 BYTE CFA [n-1.0] 1 BYTE CFA [0.m-1] : : : 1 BYTE CFA [n-1.m-1] Fig. 13 CFA

60 CFA Table 11 Table 11 CFA CFA RED 00.H GREEN 01.H BLUE 02.H CYAN 03.H MAGENTA 04.H YELLOW 05.H WHITE 06.H CFA {0002.H, 0002.H, 01.H, 00.H, 02.H, 01.H} Fig. 14 G R G R... B G B G... G R G R... B G B G... : : : : Fig

61 GPS GPS info IFD Table 12 Table 12 GPS Field Name A. GPS Dec Hex GPS GPSVersionID 0 0 BYTE 4 (N)or (S) GPSLatitudeRef 1 1 ASCII 2 GPSLatitude 2 2 RATIONAL 3 (E)or (W) GPSLongitudeRef 3 3 ASCII 2 GPSLongitude 4 4 RATIONAL 3 GPSAltitudeRef 5 5 BYTE 1 GPSAltitude 6 6 RATIONAL 1 GPS GPSTimeStamp 7 7 RATIONAL 3 GPSSatellites 8 8 ASCII Any GPS GPSStatus 9 9 ASCII 2 GPS GPSMeasureMode 10 A ASCII 2 GPSDOP 11 B RATIONAL 1 GPSSpeedRef 12 C ASCII 2 GPSSpeed 13 D RATIONAL 1 GPSTrackRef 14 E ASCII 2 GPSTrack 15 F RATIONAL 1 GPSImgDirectionRef ASCII 2 GPSImgDirection RATIONAL 1 GPSMapDatum ASCII Any (N)or (S) GPSDestLatitudeRef ASCII 2 GPSDestLatitude RATIONAL 3 (E)or (W) GPSDestLongitudeRef ASCII 2 GPSDestLongitude RATIONAL 3 GPSDestBearingRef ASCII 2 GPSDestBearing RATIONAL 1 GPSDestDistanceRef ASCII 2 GPSDestDistance 26 1A RATIONAL

62 A. GPS GPS GPSVersionID GPSInfoIFD GPSInfo tag GPSVersionID Exif Version Byte H Tag = 0 0.H Type = BYTE Count = 4 Default = = 2.0 = N o r S GPSLatitudeRef ASCII 'N' 'S' Tag = 1 1.H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = 'N' 'S' = = = GPSLatitude 2 RATIONAL dd/1,mm/1,ss/1 2 dd/1,mmmm/100,0/1 Tag = 2 2.H Type = Count = Default = E or W GPSLongitudeRef ASCII 'E' 'W' Tag = 3 3.H Type =

63 Count = Default = 'E' 'W' = = = GPSLongitude 2 RATIONAL ddd/1,mm/1,ss/1 2 ddd/1,mmmm/100,0/1 Tag = 4 4.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 3 Default = GPSAltitudeRef 0 BYTE Tag = 5 5.H Type = BYTE Count = 1 Default = 0 0 = = GPSAltitude GPSAltitudeRef 1 RATIONAL Tag = 6 6.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = GPS GPSTimeStamp UTC Coordinated Universal Time TimeStamp 3 RATIONAL

64 Tag = 7 7.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 3 Default = GPSSatellites GPS ASCII SNR GPS NULL Tag = 8 8.H Type = ASCII Count = Any Default = GPS GPSStatus GPS 'A' 'V' Tag = 9 9.H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = 'A' 'V' = = = GPS GPSMeasureMode GPS '2' 2 '3' 3 Tag = 10 A.H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = '2' '3' = 2 = 3 = GPSDOP GPS DOP 2 HDOP 3 PDOP

65 Tag = 11 B.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = GPSSpeedRef GPS 'K' 'M' 'N' Tag = 12 C.H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = 'K' 'K' 'M' 'N' = = = = GPSSpeed GPS Tag = 13 D.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = GPSTrackRef GPS 'T' 'M' Tag = 14 E.H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = 'T' 'T' 'M' = = = GPSTrack GPS Tag = 15 F.H

66 Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = GPSImgDirectionRef 'T' 'M' Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = 'T' 'T' 'M' = = = GPSImgDirection Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = GPSMapDatum GPS 'TOKYO' 'WGS-84' GPS Info Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = Any Default = N or S GPSDestLatitudeRef ASCII 'N' 'S' Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = 'N' 'S' = =

67 = GPSDestLatitude 3 RATIONAL dd/1,mm/1,ss/1 2 dd/1,mmmm/100,0/1 Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 3 Default = E or W GPSDestLongitudeRef ASCII 'E' 'W' Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = 'E' 'W' = = = GPSDestLongitude 2 RATIONAL dd/1,mm/1,ss/1 2 dd/1,mmmm/100,0/1 Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 3 Default = GPSDestBearingRef 'T' 'M' Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = 'T' 'T' =

68 'M' = = GPSDestBearing Tag = H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = GPSDestDistanceRef 'K' 'M' 'N' Tag = H Type = ASCII Count = 2 Default = 'K' 'K' 'M' 'N' = = = = GPSDestDistance Tag = 26 1A.H Type = RATIONAL Count = 1 Default = Type ASCII NULL N NULL N " +1" GPSLatitudeRef Type ASCII 'N' 'S' NULL N

69 IFD Table12-2 Table 13 Field Name A. Dec Hex Interoperability Index 1 1 ASCII Any A. Exif IFD Interoperability Index 4Byte Tag = 1 1.H Type = ASCII Count = Any Default = "R98" = ExifR98* R98 Design rule for Camer File system** DCF "THM" = Design rule for Camer File system DCF *) JEIDA Exif Recommended Exif Interoperability Rules ExifR98 Version 1.0, , **) JEIDA Design rule for Camera File system Version 1.0, ,

70 A. 0th IFD 0th IFD Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table th IFD TIFF Tag - Field Name Dec Hex YCC ImageWidth ImageLength BitsPerSample Compression PhotometricInterpretation ImageDescription E Make F Model StripOffsets Orientation SamplesPerPixel RowsPerStrip StripByteCounts XResolution A YResolution B PlanarConfiguration C ResolutionUnit TransferFunction D Software DateTime Artist B WhitePoint E PrimaryChromaticities F JPEG SOI JPEGInterchangeFormat JPEG JPEGInterchangeFormatLength YCbCrCoefficients YCC C YCbCrSubSampling YCC Y C YCbCrPositioning ReferenceBlackWhite / Copyright Exif Exif IFD Pointer GPS GPSInfo IFD Pointer JPEG

71 Table th IFD Exif Private Tag - Field Name Dec Hex YCC ExposureTime A F FNumber D ExposureProgram SpectralSensitivity ISO ISOSpeedRatings OECF Exif Exif Version DateTimeOriginal DateTimeDigitized ComponentsConfiguration CompressedBitsPerPixel ShutterSpeedValue ApertureValue BrightnessValue ExposureBiasValue MaxApertureValue SubjectDistance MeteringMode LightSource Flash FocalLength A MakerNote C UserComment DateTime SubSecTime DateTimeOriginal SubSecTimeOriginal DateTimeDigitized SubSecTimeDigitized FlashPixVersion A000 ColorSpace A001 PixelXDimension A002 PixelYDimension A003 RelatedSoundFile A004 IFD Interoperability IFD Pointer A005 FlashEnergy A20B SpatialFrequencyResponse A20C FocalPlaneXResolution A20E FocalPlaneYResolution A20F FocalPlaneResolutionUnit A210 SubjectLocation A214 ExposureIndex A215 SensingMethod A217 FileSource A300 SceneType A301 CFA CFAPattern A302 JPEG

72 Table th IFD GPS Info Tag - Field Name Dec Hex YCC GPS GPSVersionID 0 0 (N)or (S) GPSLatitudeRef 1 1 GPSLatitude 2 2 (E)or (W) GPSLongitudeRef 3 3 GPSLongitude 4 4 GPSAltitudeRef 5 5 GPSAltitude 6 6 GPS GPSTimeStamp 7 7 GPSSatellites 8 8 GPS GPSStatus 9 9 GPS GPSMeasureMode 10 A GPSDOP 11 B GPSSpeedRef 12 C GPSSpeed 13 D GPSTrackRef 14 E GPSTrack 15 F GPSImgDirectionRef GPSImgDirection GPSMapDatum (N)or (S) GPSDestLatitudeRef GPSDestLatitude (E)or (W) GPSDestLongitudeRef GPSDestLongitude GPSDestBearingRef GPSDestBearing GPSDestDistanceRef GPSDestDistance 26 1A Table 17 (4) - 0th IFD Interoperability Tag - Field Name Dec Hex YCC Interoperability Index 1 1 JPEG

73 B. 1st IFD 1st IFD Table 18 Table st IFD TIFF Tag

74 2.7. JPEG APP1 DQT DHT SOF SOS SOI EOI EOI DRI RSTm APP2 Exif APP1 APP2 APPn COM Exif Exif SOI APP1 APP2 APP1 DQT DHT DRI SOF APP2 SOS Exif Table 19 Table 19 Marker Name Marker Code SOI Start of Image FFD8.H APP1 Application Segment 1 FFE1.H Exif APP2 Application Segment 2 FFE2.H Exif DQT Define Quantization Table FFDB.H DHT Define Huffman Table FFC4.H DRI Define Restart Interval FFDD.H SOF Start of Frame FFC0.H SOS Start of Scan FFDA.H EOI End of Image FFD9.H Exif JPEG Baseline DCT APP1 APP JPEG APP1 APP2 JPEG A. SOI : Start of Image SOI Fig FF Marker Prefix +01 D8 SOI Fig. 15 SOI

75 B. DQT : Define Quantization Table DQT 8 Pq=0 3 DQT DQT Fig. 16 DQT DHT DRI SOF APP1 APP2 APP2 SOS +00 FF Marker Prefix +01 DB DQT C *3=197 Byte Y: Pq=0, Nq=0 +05 : Y:Q0 : : : : : Y:Q Cb : Pq=0, Nq=1 +46 : Cb:Q0 : : : : : Cb:Q Cr : Pq=0, Nq=1 +87 : Cr:Q0 : : : : : Cr:Q63 Fig. 16 DQT

76 C. DHT : Define Huffman Table DHT 1 DC AC 1 DHT DHT DHT JPEG Fig. 17 DQT DHT DRI SOF APP1 APP2 APP2 SOS +00 FF Marker Prefix +01 C4 DHT A *2 = 418Byte Y-DC : : : : DHT Y-AC : : : : DHT +D4 01 C-DC : 01 +D5 : : : DHT +F1 11 C-AC : 11 +F2 : : : DHT Fig. 17 DHT

77 D. DRI : Define Restart Interval DRI Fig. 18 DRI DRI 4:2:2 4:2:0 4MCU Minimum Coding Unit 64 F DRI DQT DHT DRI SOF APP1 APP2 APP2 SOS +00 FF Marker Prefix +00 DD DRI = 4 Byte +04 XX 00 YY 04 Fig. 18 DRI

78 E. SOF : Start of Frame SOF Fig. 19 DQT DHT DRI SOF APP1 APP2 APP2 SOS +00 FF Marker Prefix +00 C0 SOF *3 = 17 Byte bit +05 XX YY XXYY Hex lines +07 WW ZZ WWZZ Hex A 01 1:Y +0B 21or22 H0 = 2, V0 = 1 4:2:2 or 2 4:2:0 +0C 00 +0D 02 2:Cb +0E 11 H1 =1, V1 = 1 +0F :Cr H2 =1, V2 = Fig. 19 SOF

79 F. SOS : Start of Scan SOS Fig FF Marker Prefix +00 DA SOS C 2+1+3*2+3 = 12 Byte Y : Y : Cb : C : Cr : 03 +0A 11 C : 11 +0B 00 +0C 3F +0D 00 Successive approximation Fig. 20 SOS G. Y, Cb, Cr DCT 0 EOB DRI 4MCU H. EOI : End of Image EOI SOI Fig. 21 EOI +00 FF Marker Prefix +01 D9 EOI Fig. 21 EOI

80 APP1 APP1 APP1 length TIFF APP1 64kByte APP1 JPEG A. APP1 APP1 SOI Fig. 6 B. APP1 APP1 APP1 Exif Fig FF Marker Prefix +01 E1 APP 'E' 'x' 'i' 'f' NULL A Fig. 22 APP1 C. Exif Exif APP1 Exif 4Byte 00.H 2Byte JPEG APPn

81 D. File Header TIFF 2 IFD 0th IFD, 1st IFD 0th IFD 1st IFD E. TIFF APP1 TIFF 8 Byte IFD Offset of IFD Offset Byte Order Byte TIFF Header Offset of IFD 4 Table 1 F. JPEG JPEG APP1-75 -

82 APP2 APP2 APP2 length FlashPix F APP2 FlashPix 2 APP2 FlashPix APP2 FlashPix A. APP2 APP2 APP1 Fig

83 B. APP2 APP2 APP2 FPXR Fig FF Marker Prefix +01 E2 APP 'F' 'P' 'X' 'R' NULL Version +0A Fig. 23 APP2 C. FPXR FPXR APP2 FPXR 4Byte 00.H 1Byte JPEG APPn 1Byte 00.H D. FlashPix

84 Entity size FFFFFFFF.H Default value S torage/stream nam e FlashPix FlashPix source image object root '/' 1 Unicode 16bit Entity class ID ClassID 16 Fig FF Marker Prefix E2 APP "FPXR" NULL Version +0A B 2 +0C m m0 no Entity Class ID m0+no 4 1 : 1 1 : m1 1 : n1 Entity Class ID 1 : : : : : : : 4 l : 1 l : ml l : nl Entity Class ID l Fig. 24 : :

85 E. JPEG 64kByte Index into Contents Lists 0 FlashPix Offset into the full FlashPix stream FlashPix 1 Stream Data FlashPix length Fig FF Marker Prefix E2 APP "FPXR" NULL Version +0A B 2 N +0C 4 Offset FlashPix Offset +11 Fig

86 F. Reserved for future use by the FlashPix form at Fig FF Marker Prefix E2 APP "FPXR" NULL Version +0A 1 03 FlashPix +0B : : : : Fig. 26 FlashPix

87 JPEG JPEG 8 8 MCU 16 YCbCr4:2:2 8 YCbCr4:2:0 16 FlashPix 4MCU 4MCU 64 A. Exif PixelXDimension SOF JPEG 16 JPEG

88 Fig. 27 SOF 64 Yes No X=16? Yes No Yes X=64? No X pad = Yes X pad < 16 PixelXDimension = X SOF.X = X PixelXDimension = X SOF.X = X No A B C PixelXDimension = X SOF.X = X + X pad JPEG X: SOF.X : SOF PixelXDimension : Fig. 27 Fig. 27 A B C Table 20 Table 20 SOF A B (< 1MCU) C (> 1MCU)

89 PixelYDimension SOF JPEG 16 JPEG Fig. 28 SOF X=16? Yes A No B,C 16 PixelYDimension = Y SOF.Y = Y JPEG Y : SOF.Y : SOF PixelYDimension : Fig. 28 Fig. 28 A B C Table 21 Table 21 YCbCr4:2:2 SOF A B (< 1MCU) C (< 1MCU)

90 B. Exif Fig. 29 SOF SOF SOF.X,SOF.Y JPEG PixelX/YDimension = SOF.X,SOF.Y? Yes No PixelX/YDimension Fig. 29 SOF

91 A. Exif Exif Exif B. PC PC A. ASCII 8 ".JPG" ".TIF" A. Exif Exif

92 3. Exif 3.1. Exif Byte A1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2 Exif B1 B2 A1 A "" ""Z NULL 00.H ".H"

93 kHz kHz kHz kHz LAW PCM ITU-T G kHz bit 16bit LAW PCM ITU-T G.711 8bit IMA-ADPCM IMA Interactive Multimedia Association 4bit ch PCM -Law PCM ITU-T G.711 viii IMA-ADPCM ix

94 3.5. Exif Windows RIFF WAVE Form Audio File vii DSC Exif WAVE Form Audio File Windows DSC INFO Exif Exif Exif Exif INFO WAVE Form Audio File WAVE Form Audio File RIFF Resource Interchange File Format RIFF 1 1 Fig. 30 typedef struct{ unsigned long ckid; // 4 unsigned long cksize; // <ckdata> unsigned char ckdata[cksize]; // } CK; +00 ckid 4Byte +04 cksize 4Byte +08 ckdata[cksize] Fig

95 ckid chunki ID ASCII 4 4 ID cksize chunk Size: ckdata[cksize] chunk Data: 32 ckid cksize ckdata LSB MSB RIFF ckid cksize ckdata[cksize] chunk Data: ckdata RIFF 16 '0' 1 ckdata cksize chunk Size: ckdata[cksize] chunk Data: ckdata RIFF LIST ckdata

96 2 RIFF RIFF "RIFF" ID ckid RIFF RIFF RIFF ckdata formtype 4 RIFF RIFF 1 RIFF ID ckid ID RIFF Fig "RIFF" ckid cksize 4Byte +08 formtype 4Byte +0C : : 1 RIFF 2 ckdata [cksize] : : : Fig. 31 RIFF

97 Table 22 PAL RDIB RMID RMMP WAVE Table 22 RIFF DIB Device Independent Bitmap RIFF MIDI RIFF WAVE Form Audio File

98 3 WAVE Form Audio File WAVE RIFF 1 'WAVE' WAVE Form Audio File ".WAV" WAVE Form Audio File Fig. 32 Fig. 32 RIFF ckdata [cksize] formtype "WAVE" fmt-ck format chunk fact-ck fact chunk data-ck data chunk fmt-ck data-ck fact-ck WAVE format type Fig "RIFF" ckid cksize 4Byte WAVE" "fmt" +0A 56 formtype cksize 4Byte +0B 45 +0C : fmt-ck ckdata[cksize] "fact" : cksize 4Byte fact-ck : ckdata [cksize] RIFF ckdata [cksize] data-ck "data" cksize 4Byte ckdata [cksize] Fig. 32 WAVE Form Audio File

99 f mt- ck fmt-ck format chunk: data-ck data chunk: fmt-ck ckid chunk ID: ID "fmt " "fmt " 3 20.H fmt-ck data-ck fmt-ck cksize ckdata[cksize] ckdata ckdata 2 3 struct{ unsigned int wformattag; // unsigned int nchannels; // unsigned long nsamplespersec; unsignrd long navgbytespersec; // // / unsigned int nblockalign; // unsigned int wbitspersample; // / unsigned int cbsize; // } WAVEFORMATEX; unsigned char extbyte[cbsize]; //

100 Table 23 Table 23 wformattag nchannels nsamplespersec navgbytespersec nblockalign wbitspersample cbsize extbyte[cbsize] WAVE 16 PCM : 0001.H -Law ITU-T G H IMA-ADPCM DVI-ADPCM 0011.H PCM 8.0kHz kHz 22.05kHz,44.1kHz 32 data-ck PCM navgbytespersec nchannels * wbitspersample / 8 data-ck 16 PCM nblockalign nchannels * wbitspersample / 8 16 PCM WAVEFORMATEX extbyte[cbsize] 16 PCM 0 PCM cbsize WAVEFORMATEX cbsize 0 PCM cbsize extbyte[cbsize]

101 fmt-ck Fig D "fmt" ckid +04 cksize 4Byte +08 wformattag 2Byte +0A nchannels 2Byte +0C nsamplespersec 4Byte +10 navgbytespersec 4Byte +14 nblockalign 2Byte +16 wbitspersample 2Byte +18 cbsize 2Byte +1A WAVEFORMATEX 18Byte extbyte[cbsize] fmt-ck ckdata[cksize] Fig. 33 fmt-ck

102 fact- ck fact-ck fact chunk: WAVE fact-ck ckid chunk ID: ID "fact" fact-ck WAVE fact-ck 4 unsigned long dwsamplelength; // Table 24 fact-ck dwsamplelength 32 fmt-ck nsamplepersec dwsamplelength fact-ck cksize chunk Size: ' H' cksize ' H' cksize fact-ck Fig. 34 cksize ' H' Write "fact" ckid H cksize +08 dwsamplelength 4Byte ckdata[cksize] Fig. 34 fact-ck data- ck data-ck data chunk: ckid chunk

103 ID; ID "data" data-ck ckdata chunk Data: fmt-ck data-ck cksize chunk Size: data-ck Fig "data" ckid cksize 4Byte +08 ckdata[cksize] Fig. 35 data-ck

104 PCM Audio Data PCM A/D PCM Fig A 56 +0B 45 +0C +24 "RIFF" ckid cksize 4Byte "WAVE" formtype fmt-ck 24Byte data-ck PCM 24 PCM Fig. 36 PCM

105 PCM fmt-ck Table 25 Table 25 PCM fmt-ck PCM cksize fmt-ck wformattag nchannels nsamplespersec H 16Byte cbsize 0001.H PCM 0001.H or 0002.H 00001F40.H 8.0kHz 00002B11.H kHz H 22.05kHz 0000AC44.H 44.10kHz navgbytespersec 00001F40.H 8.0kHz,8bit 00003E80.H 8.0kHz,8bit 00003E80.H 8.0kHz,16bit 00007D00.H 8.0kHz,16bit 00002B11.H kHz,8bit H kHz,8bit H kHz,16bit 0000AC44.H kHz,16bit H 22.05kHz,8bit 0000AC44.H 22.05kHz,8bit 0000AC44.H 22.05kHz,16bit H 22.05kHz,16bit 0000AC44.H 44.10kHz,8bit H 44.10kHz,8bit H 44.10kHz,16bit 0002B110.H 44.10kHz,16bit nsamplespersec * nblockalign nblockalign wbitspersample cbsize extbyte[cbsize] 0001.H 8bit 0002.H 8bit 0002.H 16bit 0004.H 16bit nchannels * wbitspersample / H 8bit or 0010.H 16bit

106 PCM 8 16 Table 26 Table 26 PCM 16 PCM 0(00.H) 128(80.H) 255 FF.H (8000.H) 0(0000.H) 32767(7FFF.H) data-ck PCM Fig PCM PCM PCM PCM Fig. 37 PCM

107 Law Audio Data -Law D/A -Law 8 D/A 8 -Law 16 ITU-T G.711 viii -Law ITU-T G.711 Fig. 38 PCM fmt-ck cbsize fact-ck "RIFF" ckid cksize 4Byte A 56 +0B 45 "WAVE" formtype +0C fmt-ck 26Byte +26 fact-ck 12Byte +32 data-ck -Law 26 -Law PCM Fig. 38 -Law

108 -Law fmt-ck fact-ck Table 27 Table 27 -Law fmt-ck fact-ck -Law ITU-T G.711 cksize fmt-ck wformattag nchannels nsamplespersec navgbytespersec nblockalign wbitspersample cbsize extbyte[cbsize] dwsamplelength H 18Byte WAVEFORMATEX 0007.H -Law 0001.H or 0002.H 00001F40.H 8.0kHz 00001F40.H 8.0kHz, 8bit 00003E80.H 8.0kHz, 8bit nsamplespersec * nblockalign 0001.H 8bit 0002.H 8bit nchannels * wbitspersample / H 8bit 0000.H extbyte[cbsize] (cksize_of_data-ck) / nblockalign data-ck -Law Fig. 39 -Law Law Fig. 39 -Law

109 IMA-ADPCM Audio Data IMA-ADPCM 16 PCM 4 IMA-ADPCM DVI-ADPCM Intel's DVI Group DVI:Digital Video Interactive IMA Interactive Multimedia Association IMA-ADPCM IMA Digital Audio Doc-Pac xvii IMA-ADPCM DVI-ADPCM Fig. 40 -Law fact-ck fmt-ck (cbsize wsamplesperblock ) A 56 +0B 45 "RIFF" ckid cksize 4Byte "WAVE" formtype +0C fmt-ck 28Byte +28 fact-ck 12Byte +34 data-ck IMAADPCM 28 IMA-ADPCM PCM Fig. 40 IMA-ADPCM

110 IMA-ADPCM fmt-ck fact-ck Table 28 Table 29 Table 28 IMA-ADPCM fmt-ck fact-ck (1) IMA-ADPCM DVI-ADPCM cksize fmt-ck wformattag nchannels H H IMA-ADPCM 0001.H or 0002.H nsamplespersec navgbytespersec nblockalign wbitspersample cbsize 0002.H 00001F40.H 8.0kHz 00002B11.H Hz H Hz 0000AC44.H 44.10Hz 00000FD7.H 8.0kHz 4bit 00001FAE.H 8.0kHz 4bit D4.H kHz 4bit 00002BA9.H kHz 4bit 00002B5C.H 22.05kHz 4bit B9.H 22.05kHz 4bit D.H 44.10kHz 4bit 0000ACDB.H 44.10kHz 4bit : nsamplespersec*nblockalign / wsamplesperblock 0100.H 8.0kHz 4bit 0200.H 8.0kHz 4bit 0100.H kHz 4bit 0200.H kHz 4bit 0200.H 22.05kHz 4bit 0400.H 22.05kHz 4bit 0400.H 44.10kHz 4bit 0800.H 44.10kHz 4bit (N 1) * * nchannels 256 * nchannels * max (1,nSamplesPerSec / kHz) 0004.H 4bit

111 Table 29 IMA-ADPCM fmt-ck fact-ck (2) IMA-ADPCM DVI-ADPCM extbyte[cbsize] 01F9.H 8.0kHz 4 bit 01F9.H 8.0kHz 4 bit 01F9.H kHz 4 bit 01F9.H kHz 4 bit 03F9.H 22.05kHz 4 bit 03F9.H 22.05kHz 4 bit 07F9.H 44.10kHz 4 bit 07F9.H 44.10kHz 4 bit wsamplesperblock 16 X = nblockalign - 4 * nchannels * 8 Y = wbitspersamples * nchannels wsamplesperblock = X/Y +1 dwsamplelength X cksize_of_data-ck nblockalign dwsamplelength (X 1) * wsamplesperblock data-ck IMA-ADPCM Fig. 41 Fig. 42 Fig. 43 ( ) 5 IMA-ADPCM Fig. 41 Fig. 43 typedef struct { signed int isamp0; unsigned char bsteptableindex; unsigned char breserved; // // // } IMA_ADPCMBLOCKHEADER;

112 Fig. 41 Fig. 43 N M P N (nblockalign (4*nChannels)) M N P ( M * 8 ) = N / M M 0 1 N-1 N Fig. 41 IMA-ADPCM 4 Byte Sample 0 Sample Fig. 42 IMA-ADPCM M 4 Byte Sample P LSB MSB P+1 LSB MSB P+2 LSB MSB P+3 LSB MSB P+4 LSB MSB P+5 LSB MSB P+6 LSB MSB P+7 LSB MSB Fig. 43 IMA-ADPCM M

113 3.6. Exif WAVE Form Audio File WAVE Fig. 32 WAVE Form Audio File 4 RIFF fmt fact data fmt fact data 3 RIFF WAVE 1 RIFF PCM fact PCM -Law IMA-ADPCM fact-ck RIFF ckdata "WAVE"

114 LIST INFO WAVE RIFF RIFF LIST LIST 1 LIST LIST LIST ckid ID LIST LIST ckdata listtype 4 RIFF LIST RIFF LIST

115 LIST Fig C "LIST" ckid cksize 4Byte +08 listtype 4Byte +0C : : : : : 1 2 : : : Fig. 44 LIST LIST ckdata [cksize] 2 INFO INFO "INFO" listtype LIST INFO INFO INFO WAVE INFO

116 INFO Table 30 NULL '00.H' ASCII Table 30 INFO ID IARL IART ICMS ICMT ICOP ICRD ICRP IDIM IDPI IENG IGNR IKEY ILGT IMED INAM IPLT IPRD ISBJ ISFT ISHP ISRC ISRF ITCH 1 DPI "computer image" "drawing" "lithograph" "Encyclopedia of Pacific Northwest Geography" "Aerial view of Seattle" sharpness "slide" "paper" "map"

117 INFO Fig C "LIST" 4E ckid D A H cksize E +OA 46 +OB 4F +OC "INFO" listtype 00 INAM-ck 18Byte 49 +1E ICMT-ck 4E 42Byte 41 4D "INAM" ckid A.H cksize "Two Trees"Z ckdata "ICMT" ckid H cksize "A picture for the opening screen"z ckdata Fig. 45 INFO Fig. 45 INFO INAM ICMT 'Z' NULL '00.H' ckdata 1 Fig. 45 ICMT NULL 33 '00.H' INAM NULL 10 ICMT cksize LIST

118 LIST 3 Exif INFO Exif INFO INFO Table 30 Exif INAM Exif ASCII NULL "Exif Audio File Example"Z IGNR Exif ASCII NULL "narration"z ICRD Exif ASCII - - '-' '0' ASCII NULL 11 " "Z ICMT Exif ASCII NULL "Recorded by Digital Still Camera"Z IART Exif ASCII NULL

119 "Taro Yamada"Z ICOP Exif ASCII NULL 20.H 1 "Copyright Exif Corporation 1997."Z INFO INFO INFO INFO Exif INFO RIFF Form Reader Windows

120 Exif Exif Exif WAVE Form Audio File Exif Exif WAVE Form Audio File Exif 1 LIST Exif LIST LIST WAVE Form Audio File LIST 2 "exif" LIST Exif Exif "exif" Exif WAVE Form Audio File "exif" LIST exif 3 Exif

121 ever ( ) Exif byte A1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2 ASCII NULL 3.2 "0200" Version 2.00 erel Exif Exif Exif '.' ASCII Exif Exif Table 31 3 Table 31 [2] [3] 1 1 Table 31 [2] Exif "SND00001.WAV" Exif "DSC00001.JPG" 3 Exif "DSC00001.JPG" "DSC00002.JPG" "DSC00003.JPG" Exif "SND00001.WAV" ASCII NULL Exif "DSC00001.JPG"Z

122 Table 31 Exif Exif [1] 1 1 DSC00001.JPG SND00001.WAV DSC00001.JPG SND00001.WAV [2] 1 DSC00002.JPG DSC00003.JPG DSC00001.JPG SND00001.WAV [3] 1 SND00002.WAV SND00003.WAV etim Exif ASCII Exif : :. ':' '.' '0' '.' ASCII NULL "10:05:10.130"Z ecor Exif ASCII NULL "Digital Still Camera Corporation"Z emdl Exif ASCII NULL "DSCamera1000"Z emnt Exif Exif cksize

123 eucm INFO INFO ASCII Fig "eucm" ckid +03 6D +04 cksize 4Byte +08 ckdata [cksize] 8Byte Fig. 46 Fig Table 32 Shift-JIS Undefined NULL '00.H' Exif UserComment ASCII NULL '00.H' 1 Table 32 8Byte ASCII 41.H, 53.H, 43.H, 49.H, 49.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H ITU-T T.50 IA5 x JIS 4A.H, 49.H, 53.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H JIS X xi Unicode 55.H, 4E.H, 49.H, 43.H, 4F.H, 44.H, 45.H, 00.H Unicode Standard xii Undefined 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H, 00.H Undefined

124 exif 'WAVE' ever Exif erel exif emnt eucm Undefined Exif LIST RIFF Form Reader exif exif Fig. 47 ever 4 erel 13 erel

125 +00 4C "LIST" ckid H cksize A 69 +0B 66 +0C +1E "exif" listtype ever-ck 12Byte erel-ck 22Byte C 0D "ever" ckid A.H cksize "0200" ckdata "erel" ckid D.H cksize "DSC00001.JPG" Z ckdata Fig. 47 exif

126 ASCII 8 ".WAV" WAVE Form Audio File Exif Exif Fig. 48 Fig. 48 Exif fact-ck PCM -Law,IMA-ADPCM

127 RIFF "WAVE" formtype fmt-ck fact-ck INFO "INFO" listtype INAM-ck IGNR-ck ICRD-ck ICMT-ck IART-ck ICOP-ck exif "exif" listtype ever-ck erel-ck etim-ck ecor-ck emdl-ck emnt-ck eucm-ck data Fig. 48 Exif

128 Fig. 49 Exif Exif Fig "LIST" "RIFF" cksize 4Byte ckid "INFO" cksize 4Byte A +0B INAM-ck IGNR-ck ICRD-ck 57 ICMT-ck 41 "WAVE" IART-ck 56 formtype ICOP-ck 45 +0C fmt-ck "LIST" : fact-ck cksize 4Byte : INFO : exif "exif" ever-ck erel-ck etim-ck : data-ck ecor-ck emdl-ck emnt-ck eucm-ck Fig. 49 Exif

129 A A.1 RGB Table 33 RGB 640( ) x 480( ) Exif_TIFF_RGB DSCompany Example dpi(Width), 72dpi(Length) 1997:09:01 12:00: Copyright, ABCDE,1997 Exif Ver :09:01 12:00: :09:01 12:00: ( ) x 60( ) dpi(Width), 72dpi(Length)

130 Table 34 RGB Header Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 0000 Byte Order 4D4D ("MM" ) A th IFD Offset Offset Name Entry Number 0008 Number of Entries 0014 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 0th IFD 000A ImageWidth ImageLength E BitsPerSample FE 002E Compression A PhotometricInterpretation ImageDescription 010E E Make 010F E Model C 006A StripOffsets Orientation SamplesPerPixel E RowsPerStrip A StripByteCounts A4 00A6 XResolution 011A B2 YResolution 011B C 00BE PlanarConfiguration 011C CA ResolutionUnit D6 DateTime E2 Copyright EE Exif IFD Pointer E Offset Name Offset (He x) 00FA Next IFD Offset EC Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") Value longer than 4byte of 0th IFD 00FE BitPerSample Value ImageDescription Value "Exif_TIFF_RGB" Make Value "DSCompany"00 011C Model Value "Example" StripOffsets Value offset0,offset1,offset2...offset95 02A4 StripByteCounts Value count0, count1, count2...count XResolution Value C YResolution Value DateTime Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00" Copyright Value (Last Byte is Padded) "Copyright,ABCDE,1997"0000 Offset Name Entry Number Exif IFD 045E Exif IFD Number 0008 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 0460 ExifVersion "0200" 046C DateTimeOriginal C

131 Value longer than 4byte of Exif IFD 1st IFD Value longer than 4byte of 1st IFD Main Image 0478 DateTimeDigitized D SubSecTime "000" SubSecTimeOriginal "000"00 049C SubSecTimeDigitized "000"00 04A8 FlashPixVersion A "0100" 04B4 Colorspace A Offset Name Offset 04C0 Next IFD Offset Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 04C4 SubSecTimeOriginal Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00"00 04D8 SubSecTimeDigitized Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00"00 Offset Name Entry Number 04EC Number Of Entries 000D Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset 04EE ImageWidth FA ImageLength C 0506 BitsPerSample E 0512 Compression E PhotometricInterpretation A StripOffsets A SamplesPerPixel RowsPerStrip C 054E StripByteCounts A XResolution 011A YResolution 011B C 0572 PlanarConfiguration 011C E ResolutionUnit Offset Name Offset 058A Next IFD Offset Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 058E BitPerSample Value XResolution Value C YResolution Value A4 Thumbnail Image Data Strip : Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 3DE4 Main Image Data Strip0 : 6364 Main Image Data Strip1 : 0E2864 Main Image Data Strip95 :

132 A.2 YCbCr Table 35 YCbCr 640( ) x 480( ) Exif_TIFF_YCC DSCompany Example dpi(Width), 72dpi(Length) 1997:09:01 12:00:00 4:2:2 Copyright, ABCDE,1997 Exif GPS Ver :09:01 12:00: :09:01 12:00:00 59/10 1/60 50/10 F :5.6 80/10 0/0 F 200/10 20/10 ON/OFF ON Ver GPS GPS 0 1km/h 0 TOKYO 80( ) x 60( ) dpi(Width), 72dpi(Length)

133 Table 36 YCbCr Header Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 0000 Byte Order 4D4D ("II") A th IFD Offset Offset Name Entry Number 0th IFD Value longer than 4byte of 0th IFD Exif IFD 0008 Number of Entries 1700 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 000A ImageWidth ImageLength E BitsPerSample E Compression A PhotometricInterpretation ImageDescription 0E E Make 0F E Model A StripOffsets Orientation SamplesPerPixel E RowsPerStrip A StripByteCounts C A6 XResolution 1A B2 YResolution 1B BE PlanarConfiguration 1C CA ResolutionUnit D6 DateTime E2 YCbCrSubSampling EE YCbCrPositioning FA Copyright Exif IFD Pointer AA GPS IFD Offset Offset Name Offset 011E Next IFD Offset 7E Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 0122 BitPerSample Value ImageDescription Value "Exif_TIFF_YCC" Make Value "DSCompany" Model Value "Example" StripOffsets Value (offset0,offset1,offset2...offset95) 025C StripByteCounts Value (count0, count1, count2...count95) 0370 XResolution Value C YResolution Value DateTime Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00" Copyright Value (Last Byte is Padded) "Copyright,ABCDE,1997"0000 Offset Name Entry Number 03AA Exif IFD Number

134 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 03AC ExposureTime 9A A B8 FNumber 9D A C4 ExifVersion "0200" 03D0 DateTimeOriginal B DC DateTimeDigitized C E8 ShutterSpeedValue A D F4 ApertureValue E BrightnessValue A E C ExposureBiasValue A F MaxApertureRatioValue F SubjectDistance MeteringMode C LightSource Flash FocalLength 0A SubSecTime "000"00 046C SubSecTimeOriginal "000" SubSecTimeDigitized "000" FlashPixVersion A "0100" 0490 ColorSpace A Offset Name Offset 049C Next IFD Offset Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") Value longer than 4Byte of Exif IFD GPS IFD 04A0 ExposureTime Value C A8 FNumber Value B0 DateTimeOriginal Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00"00 04C4 DateTimeDigitized Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00"00 04D8 ShutterSpeed Value E0 ApertureValue Value E8 BrightnessValue Value F0 ExposureBiasValue Value F8 MaxApertureRatio Value SubjectDistance Value 0F A FocalLength Value Offset Name Entry Number 0510 GPS IFD Number 0013 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 0512 GPSVersionIF E GPSLatitudeRef "N" A GPSLatitude FA GPSLongitudeRef "E" GPSLongitude E GPSAltitudeRef A GPSAltitude A GPSTimeStamp GPSSatellites D A E GPSStatus "A" A GPSMeasureMode 0A "2" GPSDOP 0B

135 Value longer than 4Byte of GPS IFD 1st IFD Value longer than 4byte of 1st IFD Main Image Data 05A2 GPSSpeedRef 0C "K" AE GPSSpeed 0D BA GPSTrackRef 0E "T" C6 GPSTrack 0F D2 GPSImgDirectionRef "T" DE GPSImgDirection EA GPSMapDatum Offset Name Offset 05F6 Next IFD Offset Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 05FA GPSLatitude Value GPSLongitude Value 8B A GPSAltitude Value E80B GPSTimeStamp Value A GPSSatellites Value (Last Byte is padded) "2,7,14,15,16" GPSDOP Value GPSSpeed Value GPSTrack Value GPSImgDirection Value GPSMapDatum Value "TOKYO"00 Offset Name Entry Number 067E Number Of Entries 0F00 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 0680 ImageWidth C ImageLength C BitsPerSample A4 Compression B0 PhotometricInterpretation BC StripOffsets E C8 SamplesPerPixel D4 RowsPerStrip C E0 StripByteCounts EC XResolution 1A E F8 YResolution 1B PlanarConfiguration 1C ResolutionUnit C YCbCrSubSampling YCbCrPositioning Offset Name Offset 0734 Next IFD Offset Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 0738 BitPerSample Value E XResolution Value YResolution Value E Offset (Thumbnail Image Data Strip) Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 2CCE Image Data Strip0 :

136 4FCE Image Data Strip1 : 0978CE Image Data Strip68 :

137 A.3 JPEG 4:2:2 Table 37 JPEG 4:2:2 JPEG YCC 4:2: ( ) x 480( ) Exif_JPEG_422 DSCompany Example 72dpi(Width), 72dpi(Length) 1997:09:01 12:00:00 Copyright, ABCDE,1997 Exif Ver :09:01 12:00: :09:01 12:00:00 Y,Cb,Cr 2bit/pel 59/10 1/60 50/10 F :5.6 80/10 0/0 F 200/10 20/10 ON/OFF ON JPEG YCC 4:2:2 80( ) x 60( ) 72dpi(Width), 72dpi(Length)

138 Offset Table 38 JPEG 4:2:2 JPEG Maker Segment Name Code Comment 0000 SOI SOI Marker FFD8 Start of Image 0002 APP1 Marker FFE APP1 Length 291C 0006 APP1 Identifier "Exif"00 000B Pad C APP1 Body See Next Table 0E39 DQT Marker FFDB Define Quantization Table 0E3B DQT Length 00C5 0E3D Pq, Tq 00 0E3E table elements 100B0C0E... 64Bytes Data DQT 0E7E Pq,Tq 01 0E7F table elements 0F Bytes Data 0EBF Pq,Tq 02 0EC0 table elements 0F Bytes Data 0F00 DHT Marker FFC4 0F02 DHT Length 01A2 0F04 Th 00 Table 0 for DC 0F05 Li F15 Vij F21 Th 10 Table 0 for AC 0F22 Li DHT 0F32 Vij FD4 Th 01 Table 1 for DC 0FD5 Li FE5 Vij FF1 Th 11 Table 1 for AC 0FF2 Li Vij A4 DRI Marker FFDD 10A6 DRI DRI Length A8 Ri AA SOF0 Marker FFC0 10AC SOF0 Lentth AE P 08 10AF Y 01E0 10B1 X B3 Nf 03 10B4 C B5 SOF0 H1,V B6 Tq B7 C B8 H2,V B9 Tq BA C BB H3,V BC Tq BD SOS SOS Marker FFDA 10BF SOS Length 000C 10C1 Ns 03 10C2 Cs

139 10C3 Td1,Ta C4 Cs C5 Td2,Ta C6 Cs C7 Td3,Ta C8 Ss 00 10C9 Se 3F 10CA Ah,Al 00 10CB Image Data F36A... Compressed Data 111C4 EOI FFD

140 Table 39 JPEG 4:2:2 APP1 Header Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 0000 Byte Order 4D4D ("II") A th IFD Offset Offset Name Entry Number 0008 Number of Entries 0B00 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 0th IFD 000A ImageDescription 0E E Make 0F A Model AA E Orientation A XResolution 1A B YResolution 1B BA ResolutionUnit E DateTime C A YCbCrPositioning CopyRight D Exif IFD Pointer EC Offset Name Offset 008E Next IFD Offset C402 Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") Value longer than 4byte of 0th IFD Exif IFD 0092 ImageDescription Value "Exif_JPEG_422"00 00A0 Make Value "DSCompany"00 00AA Model Value "Example"00 00B2 XResolution Value BA YResolution Value C2 DateTime Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00"00 00D6 Copyright Value (Last Byte is Padded) "Copyright,ABCDE,1997"0000 Offset Name Entry Number 00EC Exif IFD Number 1900 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 00EE ExposureTime 9A E FA FNumber 9D ExifVersion "0200" 0112 DateTimeOriginal E E DateTimeDigitized A ComponentsConfiguration CompressedBitsPerPixel ShutterSpeedValue A E E ApertureValue A BrightnessValue A E ExposureBiasValue A MaxApertureRatioValue E E SubjectDistance A MeteringMode

141 0196 LightSource A2 Flash AE FocalLength 0A E BA UserComments E C6 SubSecTime "000"00 01D2 SubSecTimeOriginal "000"00 01DE SubSecTimeDigitized "000"00 01EA FlashPixVersion A "0100" 01F6 Colorspace A Pixel X Dimension A E Pixel Y Dimension A E Offset Name Offset 021A Next IFD Offset Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") Value longer than 4Byte of Exif IFD 021E ExposureTime Value C FNumber Value E DateTimeOriginal Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00" DateTimeDigitized Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00" CompressedBitsPerPixel Value E ShutterSpeedValue Value ApertureValue Value E BrightnessValue Value ExposureBiasValue Value E MaxApertureRatioValue Value SubjectDistance Value 0F A E FocalLength Value UserComment Value 46Bytes) 4A Offset Name Entry Number 02C4 Number Of Entries 0700 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 1st IFD Value longer than 4byte of 1st IFD Thumbnail Image Data 02C6 Compression D2 XResolution 1A E DE YResolution 1B EA ResolutionUnit F6 JPEGInterchangeFormat D0E JPEGInterchangeFormatLength FF0A E YCbCrPositioning Offset Name Offset 031A Next IFD Offset Offset Data (Hex or "ASCII") Name 031E XResolution Value YResolution Value Offset Name Data 032E Thumbnail Data (JPEG Stream)

142 A.4 JPEG 4:2:0 Table 40 JPEG 4:2:0 JPEG YCC 4:2: ( ) x 475( ) SOF 620x x475 DCT 640x480 Exif_JPEG_420 DSCompany Example 72dpi(Width), 72dpi(Length) 1997:09:01 12:00:00 Copyright, ABCDE,1997 Exif Ver :09:01 12:00: :09:01 12:00:00 Y,Cb,Cr 2bit/pel 59/10 1/60 50/10 F :5.6 80/10 0/0 F 200/10 20/10 ON/OFF ON TIFF YCC 4:2:0 80x60 72dpi(Width), 72dpi(Length)

143 Table 41 JPEG 4:2:0 JPEG Offset (He x) Maker Segment Name Code Comment 0000 SOI SOI Marker FFD8 Start of Image 0002 APP1 Marker FFE APP1 Length 1FBC 0006 APP1 Identifier "Exif"00 000B Pad C APP1 Body See Next Table 1FC0 DQT Marker FFDB Define Quantization Table 1FC2 DQT Length FC4 Pq, Tq 00 DQT 1FC5 table elements Bytes Data 2005 Pq,Tq table elements C... 64Bytes Data 2046 DHT Marker FFC DHT Length 01A2 204A Th 00 Table 0 for DC 204B Li B Vij Th 10 Table 0 for AC 2068 Li DHT 2078 Vij A Th 01 Table 1 for DC 211B Li B Vij Th 11 Table 1 for AC 2138 Li Vij EA DR Marker FFDD 21EC DRI DRI Length EE Ri F0 SOF0 Marker FFC0 21F2 SOF0 Lentth F4 P 08 21F5 Y 01DB 21F7 X F9 Nf 03 21FA C FB SOF0 H1,V FC Tq FD C FE H2,V FF Tq C H3,V Tq SOS SOS Marker FFDA 2205 SOS Length 000C 2207 Ns Cs Td1,Ta A Cs

144 220B Td2,Ta C Cs D Td3,Ta E Ss F Se 3F 2210 Ah,Al Image Data F9FE... Compressed Data 13BA4 EOI FFD

145 Table 42 JPEG 4:2:0 APP1 Header Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 0000 Byte Order 4D4D ("II") A th IFD Offset Offset Name Entry Number 0008 Number of Entries 0B00 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 0th IFD Value longer than 4byte of 0th IFD Exif IFD 000A ImageDescription 0E E Make 0F A Model AA E Orientation A XResolution 1A B YResolution 1B BA ResolutionUnit E DateTime C A YCbCrPositioning Copyright D Exif IFD Pointer EC Offset Name Offset 008E Next IFD Offset C402 Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 0092 ImageDescription Value "Exif_JPEG_420"00 00A0 Make Value "DSCompany"00 00AA Model Value "Example"00 00B2 XResolution Value BA YResolution Value C2 DateTime Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00"00 00D6 Copyright Value (Last Byte is Padded) "Copyright,ABCDE,1997"0000 Offset Name Entry Number 00EC Exif IFD Number 1900 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 00EE ExposureTime 9A E FA FNumber 9D ExifVersion "0200" 0112 DateTimeOriginal E E DateTimeDigitized A ComponentsConfiguration CompressedBitsPerPixel ShutterSpeedValue A E E ApertureValue A BrightnessValue A E ExposureBiasValue A MaxApertureRatioValue E E SubjectDistance A MeteringMode

146 0196 LightSource A2 Flash AE FocalLength 0A E BA UserComments E C6 SubSecTime D2 SubSecTimeOriginal "000"00 01DE SubSecTimeDigitized "000"00 01EA FlashPixVersion A "0100" 01F6 ColorSpace A Pixel X Dimension A C E Pixel Y Dimension A DB Offset Name Offset 021A Next IFD Offset Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") Value longer than 4Byte of Exif IFD 021E ExposureTime Value C FNumber Value E DateTimeOriginal Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00" DateTimeDigitized Value "1997:09:01 12:00:00" CompressedBitsPerPixel Value E ShutterSpeedValue Value ApertureValue Value E BrightnessValue Value ExposureBiasValue Value E MaxApertureRatioValue Value SubjectDistance Value 0F A E FocalLength Value UserComment Value 46Bytes) 4A Offset Name Entry Number 02C4 Number Of Entries 0F00 Offset Name Tag ID Type Count ValueOffset (Hex or "ASCII") 1st IFD Value longer than 02C6 ImageWidth D2 ImageLength C DE BitsPerSample E EA Compression F6 PhotometricInterpretation StripOffsets E SamplesPerPixel A RowsPerStrip C StripByteCounts C XResolution 1A E YResolution 1B C A PlanarConfiguration 1C ResolutionUnit YCbCrSubSampling E YCbCrPositioning Offset Name Offset 037A Next IFD Offset Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII")

147 4byte of 1st IFD Thumbnail Image Data 037E BitsPerSample Value XResolution Value C YResolution Value Offset Name Data (Hex or "ASCII") 0394 Thumbnail Image Data Strip :

148 B B.1 PCM Audio Data Table 43 PCM PCM 22.05kHz 8 / ExifPCMExampleZ Taro Yamada Copyright Exif Corporation on Exif Exif 0200 Version 2.0 Exif DSC00001.JPGZ 10:15:30.130Z DSC CorporationZ DSC1000Z

149 Offset Name Table 44 PCM Comment Data (Hex or "Ascii") RIFF-ck 0000 ckid RIFF cksize 766D formtype WAVE fmt-ck 000C ckid fmt_ 666D cksize wformattag PCM nchannels nsamplespersec 22.05kHz C navgbytespersec /sec nblockalign 1 / wbitspersample 8 / 0800 INFO-LIST 0024 ckid LIST 4C cksize 6E C listtype INFO 494E464F INAM-ck 0030 ckid INAM 494E414D 0034 cksize 0F ckdata "ExifPCMExample"0000 ICRD-ck 0048 ckid ICRD C cksize 0B ckdata " "0000 IART-ck 005C ckid IART cksize 0C ckdata "Taro Yamada"00 ICOP-ck 0070 ckid ICOP 49434F cksize ckdata "Copyright Exif Corporation on 1997."0000 exif-list 009A ckid LIST 4C E cksize A2 listtype exif ever-ck 00A6 ckid ever AA cksize AE ckdata Ver erel-ck 00B2 ckid erel C 00B6 cksize 0D BA ckdata Exif "DSC00001.JPG"0000 etim-ck 00C8 ckid etim D 00CC cksize 0D D0 ckdata "10:15:30.130"0000 ecor-ck 00DE ckid ecor 65636F72 00E2 cksize E6 cksize "DSC Corporation"00 emdl-ck 00F6 ckid emdl 656D646C 00FA cksize FE ckdata "DSC1000"00 data-ck 0106 ckid data A cksize 706C E ckdata PCM Audio Data

150 B.2 -Law Audio Data Table 45 -Law LAW PCM 8.000kHz 8bit ulaw PCM ExampleZ GreetingZ ( ) Interactive Multimedia AssociationZ Copyright ABCZ Exif Exif 0200 Version 2.0 Exif DSC00001.JPGZ 10:20:30.130Z( ) ABCD CorporationZ CameraXYZZ UserComment (ASCII)

151 Table 46 -Law Offset Name Comment Data (Hex or "Ascii") RIFF-ck 0000 ckid RIFF cksize AAB formtype WAVE fmt-ck 000C ckid fmt_ 666D cksize wformattag LAW nchannels nsamplespersec 8.00kHz 401F C navgbytespersec 8.00kByte/sec 401F nblockalign 1 / wbitspersample 8 / cbsize fact-ck 0026 ckid fact A cksize E dwsamplelength 28B50100 INFO-LIST 0032 ckid LIST 4C cksize AC A listtype INFO 494E464F INAM-ck 003E ckid INAM 494E414D 0042 cksize ckdata "ulaw PCM Example"00 IGNR-ck 0058 ckid IGNR 49474E52 005C cksize ckdata "Greeting"Z ICRD-ck 006A ckid ICRD E cksize 0B ckdata " "00 ICMT-ck 007E ckid ICMT 49434D cksize ckdata (This File ulaw Sample) "This File ulaw Sample" IART-ck 009E ckid IART A2 cksize A6 ckdata "Interactive Multimedia Association"00 ICOP-ck 00CA ckid ICOP 49434F50 00CE cksize D2 ckdata "ABCD Corporation"00 exif-list 00E2 ckid LIST 4C E6 cksize EA listtype exif ever-ck 00EE ckid ever 4C F2 cksize F6 ckdata Ver erel-ck 00FA ckid erel 4C FE cksize ckdata Exif "DSC00001.JPG"00 etim-ck 0110 ckid etim 4C cksize ckdata "10:20:30.130"00 ecor-ck 0126 ckid ecor 4C A cksize

152 012E cksize "ABCD Corporation"00 emdl-ck 0140 ckid emdl 656D646C 0144 cksize 0A ckdata "CameraXY"0000 emnt-ck 0152 ckid emnt 656D6E cksize A ckdata eucm-ck 0162 ckid eucm D 0166 cksize A ckdata F6D data-ck 017E ckid data cksize 28B ckdata -Law Audio Data F2FE00007FFF0000E

153 B.3 IMA-ADPCM Audio Data Table 47 IMA-ADPCM IMA-ADPCM 8.000kHz 8110 / 4 / IMA-ADPCM ExampleZ Z Hanako YamadaZ Copyright XYZ on 1997.Z Exif Exif 0200 Version 2.0 Exif DSC00001.JPGZ 15:14:13.135Z DSC International CorporationZ DSC Camera-2Z

154 Offset Name Table 48 IMA-ADPCM Comment Data (Hex or "Ascii") RIFF-ck 0000 ckid RIFF cksize 248D formtype WAVE fmt-ck 000C ckid "fmt_" 666D cksize wformattag IMA-ADPCM nchannels nsamplespersec 8.0kHz 401F C navgbytespersec 8110 /sec AE1F nblockalign 512 / wbitspersample 4 / cbsize wsamplesperblock 505 / F901 fact-ck 0028 ckid fact C cksize dwsamplelength A0000 INFO-LIST 0034 ckid LIST 4C cksize C listtype INFO 494E464F INAM-ck 0040 ckid INAM 494E414D 0044 cksize ckdata "IMA -ADPCM Example"00 IGNR-ck 0058 ckid IGNR 49474E52 005C cksize ckdata "Greeting"Z ICRD-ck 005A ckid ICRD E cksize 0B ckdata " "0000 IART-ck 006E ckid IART cksize 0E ckdata "Hanako Yamada"00 ICOP-ck 0084 ckid ICOP 49434F cksize C ckdata "Copyright XYZ on 1997."0000 exif-list 00E2 ckid LIST 4C E6 cksize EA listtype exif ever-ck 00A4 ckid LIST 4C A8 cksize AC listtype exif erel-ck 00BC ckid erel C 00C0 cksize 0D C4 ckdata Exif "DSC00001.JPG"0000 etim-ck 00D2 ckid etim D 00D6 cksize 0D DA ckdata "15:14:13.135"0000 ecor-ck 00E8 ckid ecor 65636F72 00EC cksize 1E F0 cksize "DSC International Corporation"00 emdl-ck 010E ckid emdl 656D646C

155 data-ck 0112 cksize 0D ckdata "DSC Camera-2" ckid data cksize 008C C ckdata

156 C APEX APEX Additive System of Photographic Exposure APEX Ev APEX ApertureValue:Av = 2 log 2 F ShutterSpeedValue:Tv = - log 2 BrightnessValue:Bv = log 2 B / NK B:cd/cm 2, N,K : constant Sv = log 2 ASA / Ev Ev = Av + Tv = Bv + Sv Table 49 APEX ApertureValue F-Number ShutterSpeed Value ExposureTime BrightnessValue foot lambert (APEX) (APEX) (second) (APEX) / / / / / / /30 6 1/60 7 1/ / / / /

157 D PC Smart Media DSC Exif DSC D.1 "IMxxxxxx" Exif "xxxxxx" 6 "IM" Exif D.2 Exif D.1 Exif "JPG" Exif "TIF" Exif "WAV" D.3 Exif Exif Exif "IMxxxxxx" D.1 Exif :IMFIDX10 Exif :IMXYZ Exif IMFIDX

158 Exif Exif IMXYZ Fig. 50 Root Directory Sub Directory:: IMFIDX10 DSC00001.JPG DSC00002.JPG DSC00005.TIF SND00007.WAV Sub Directory:: IMXYZ ABC.JPG DEF01.JPG QSTTX.TIF Fig. 50 Exif "IMxxxxxx" 2 "IM" Exif "IMxxxxxx" D.4 ExifR98 D.1 D.3 ExifR98 ExifR98 Exif ExifR

159 E srgb xviii ITU-R BT.709 xix ITU-R BT.601 xx E.1 RGB srgb IEC/TC 100 PT ITU-R BT.709 ITU-R BT.709 srgb ITU-R BT.709 srgb ITU-R BT.709 E.2 ITU-R BT.709 ITU-R BT.709 (1) R,G,B R' = 1.099R G' = 1.099G B' = 1.099B (2) R,G,B R' = 4.5R G' = 4.5G B' = 4.5B

160 E.3 R,G,B Y, Cb, Cr ITU-R BT.601 Y = 0.299R G B Cb = (-0.299R G B) offset Cr = (0.701R G B) offset

161 F FlashPix FlashPix FlashPix FlashPix-Ready FPXR FlashPix-Ready 3 Exif FlashPix Image Info Property Set APP2 FlashPix JPEG FlashPix Fig. 51 Exif (Version 2.0) FlashPix SOI APP1 (Exif data) Exif Tag Information to Image info Property Set Root Property Set Image Object Image Data res.0 APP2 (Contents List Data Area) Image Data res.1 APP2 (Stream Data Area 0) APP2 (Stream Data Area n) FPXR Application Segment to FPX Data Stream Image Data res.n Summary Info. JPEG Table DQT DHT DRI SOF SOS JPEG Compressed Data (include Restart Marker JPEG Image to Tiled JPEG Image (Loss-less Conversion) CompObj Stream Image Info. Extension List EOI Fig. 51 Exif FlashPix

162 F.1 FlashPix JPEG JPEG FlashPix JPEG 64 JPEG FlashPix Fig. 52 Y,Cb,Cr pixel Y pixel (a) MCU (4:2:2) Y DCT Block (8x8) CrCb DCT Block (8x8) (0,0) (0,1) (0,2) (0,3) (0,4) (1,0) (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (2,0) (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (3,0) (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (4,0) (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (5,0) (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (6,0) (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (7,0) (7,1) (7,2) (7,3) (7,4) (8,0) (8,1) (8,2) (8,3) (8,4) (x,y) MCU (4:2:2) 1 Tile block (64x64) Restart Marker (b) Tile block FPXR(JPEG) Restart Marker (0,0) (0,1) (0,2) (0,3) (0,4) (0,5) (0,6) (0,7) (0,8) FlashPix (0,0) (0,1) (0,2) (0,3) (1,0) (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (2,0) (c) Recording order Fig. 52 FlashPix

163 FlashPix PixelXDimension JPEG FlashPix 64 FlashPix 64 FlashPix SOF X PixelXDimension (APP1) Padding Data SOF Y = PixelYDimension (APP1) JPEG Data 64x64 Block (FPX tile) Fig