埼環協ニュース第229号
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- よしたか ながおか
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1 General incorporated association Saitama-Prefecture Environmental Measurement Association URL
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11 ( ) ( ) (TSPSPMPM2.5) ( / ) 1. PM PM SO ( : smog = smoke + fog) 2. PM PM SO 2 1 (TSP) SO 2 1 PM PM PM SO 2 2 NOxVOC PM VOCSO 2NOx ( / )HCl NH 3 SO 2NOxVOC (BVOC) 1 (Wilkins, 1954)
12 ( ) ( ) ) 2 ( ) 3. TSPSPMPM10PM2.5 PM 100 μm 1 1/1000 μm mm 2 (Whitby, 1978 ) 2 μm 2 μm % PM 10PM2.5 PM 7 PM 30 μm μm PM TSP 50% PM2.5PM μm PM 50% PM 10 ( (SPM) μm PM /m 3 < PM 2 μm 3060 > 3 μm PM PM 7 μm PM 2 PM μm 3 ) 1980 (Wilson & Suh, 1997) 5. PM SPM ( /m 3 SPM
13 ( ) ( ) μg/m 3 ) PM2.5 EU PM ~ PM SPM PM SPM 1983 Dockery, 1993 PM10 SPM ( 50 μg/m μg/m 3 ) PM2.5 PM ( 15 μg/m μg/m 3 ) (, 1984) 35 μg/m μg/m 3 (PM2.0)(Cao: apparent organic carbon (artifact 2000 SPM apparent ) ( Cae NOx elemental carbon PM 1999 BCEC ) Cao Cae 1 14~29 μg/m 3 3WG Cae 2- Cae > Cao SO 4 > NO > NH 4 > Cl - SO 2-4 HNO 3 (1) ( 15 μg/m PM2.5 (μg/m 3 ) ( ) (1997) (2006 ) * 35 (2013 ) 12 WHO (2006) * EU (2008) 25 3* 20 4* (2009) * (2013 / 2016) * (2015) * 1* ; 24 2* 99 ; 3* 2015; 4* 2020; 5* ; ; 6* * PM2.0 (, 1980)
14 ( ) ( ) HNO 3 NO 3- (7)PM2.1 Cl OCEC NO HNO3 + NH3 NH4NO3 (1) (S) (F) (PM 2.0) PM 0.7(1992) (1998) g/kwh Cl Cao PM2.0 Cao Cao (14.9 μg/m 3 ) ( ) 6.2 SPM SPM SPM (, 2004) 43% 22% ( 5) SPM PM 0.7(1992) 0.25(1998)0.18(2003)0.027(2005)g/kwh NOxPM (2001) Month (2003) SPM μg/m μg/m ~2004 SPM PM 7 (PM2.1)(PM 2.17) 0.4 (, 2008) PM2.1 (EC 2.1) (OC2.1) Month PM OC/EC EC2.1 EC/TC ( ) (, 2008) (1998) SPM 35 Others Soil 25 Carcium 60 Chloride 20 Nitrate Sulfate (2003) PM2.1 OC/EC EC/TC Orgnic ( 6) EC 0 0 EC EC PM2.1 PM2.1 (, 2008) PM2.1 Conc. (μg m -3 ) OC/EC EC/TC
15 ( ) ( ) EC % 55% Cl EC PM2.1 PM 9 17 PM2.5 (2008 ) (, 2011) 6.3PM2.5 PM ; %; % 8 13(2001) PM2.5 22(2010) PM2.5 SPM PM2.5 (, 2011) SPM PM2.5 ( / ) EC SO 4 2- NO - 3 Cl - NH 4+ EC~11(1983 ) ~7(1997 OC 1.4 )~3 μg/m 3 (2004 ) PM PM μg/m 3 EC / PM2.5 CTM 10 PM2.5 7 PM 8PM2.5 ( 22 (, 2011) ) μg/m 3 9
16 ( ) ( ) (OC EC) JATOP(Japan Auto-Oil Program)( ) (2008~2009 Char-EC ) PM2.5 Soot-EC Han (2007) Char-EC ( = EC1 11(Minoura et al., 2012) Pyro-OC) (BTC) Soot-EC ( = EC2 + EC3) 3 5 (FTC) Char-EC PM C3/C4 SO 4 NO 3- NH 4+ SO 2-4 NO - 3 NH SO 4 NO (AMS) (OOA) OOA OOA 2 11 (a) 2008 (b) 2009 (Minoura et al., 2012) 2PM2.5 (μg/m 3 ) C3/C4 C3/C PM2.5 PM C3/C4 0.3
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( ) 26 BOD 31
General incorporated association Saitama-Prefecture Environmental Measurement Association URL http://www.saikankyo.jp ( ) 26 BOD 31 14 0017001345 14:0514:50 17:00 17 1519151700 . . 2013 2015
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埼 環 協 ニュース 通 巻 227 号 (2013 年 9 月 号 ) 一 般 社 団 法 人 埼 玉 県 環 境 計 量 協 議 会 General incorporated association Saitama-Prefecture Environmental Measurement Association 略 称 SEMA URL http://www.saikankyo.jp () in
埼環協ニュース第229号
General incorporated association Saitama-Prefecture Environmental Measurement Association URLhttp://www.saikankyo.jp () 29 . (1) (2) (3) 4.0 . 2013 2014 7 22 109 2013 2013 BOD COD 90 875 /974 BOD
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埼環協ニュース第214号
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第３章 焼却灰溶融システムの現状、焼却灰溶融スラグのリサイクルの動向・問題点
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