新論文：第5章 日本近代浮橋
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1 .. 第 5 章 日 本 近 代 浮 橋 ( 2 ) 5 (1858) 3 (5.4m) 67 ( 120m) (1863)8 (1868) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) (1883) ( ) 46 ( ) 49 1
2 (1968)2 3 ( )8 ( 7 ) (1868) ( ) (1872) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) (1878) B A A B 1, , , , , ,
4 , , (1878) ( ) (1890) ( ) ( ) 34 (1901)9 72 (131m) 2 (3.6m) (1907) 2 3 4
5 (1873) ( ) 6 4 ( ) ( ) 9 (1876) ( ) 13 (1880) 38 5
6 (bond) (2005)4 23 (1890) 30 (1897) 10 ( ) 1 4 (1927) 6
7 1. ( ) 50 ( 2003 ) 2 ( ) 4 (1792) /278 4 ( 1989 ) ( 1869 ) 6 ( 1987 ) (1968) 54 (1979) 9 ( ) ( ) (1872) 11 (1878) (1880) 3,625 69,994 32, 著 ( ) (1890) 10 (1921) (1610) 12 ( 1915 ) 7
8 1 1 ( ) 7 ( ) 2 (1869)7 ( ) ( 4 7 ) 6 (1873)11 6 (1859)6 ( ) 2 6 (1873) (1879) 8
9 20 4 (1871) (1879) (1880) 1 2 ( ) 3 2 (1869)3 ( ) 4 (1868) ( ) (1883) 6 ( ) 38 ( 69m) ( 9
10 ) 5 11 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 (1616) ( ) ( ) 3 25 (1892) 12 (1923) ( ) 7 (1874) 12 (1879) (1883) 70 ( 127m) 40 ( 73m) 2 44 (1911) ( ) (1884) 3 ( ) ( ) 9 (1876) 17 (1884) (1877) ( ) ( ) 11 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 36 ) ( ) (1883) ( )1,
11 , (1879)6 ( ) ( 5 ( ) ( 6 ) ( ) ( 9 ) M76 3/3 12 (1879)7 12 ( ) ( ) 14 (1881)1 16 (1884) ( )21 8 ( 1 ) 1 6 ( ) ( 9 ) ( ) (1882)3 ( ) ( ) ( 45 (87.3m) 1 (3m)) (1877) (22 /10kg) (1875) ( ) ( (2 ) (1873) 9 (1876) 11
12 11 10 (1877)2 10 ( ) ( , , , (1875)5 ( ) , ( ) ( ) 7 (1918) ( 17 ) ( ) ( 4 ) 300m ( ) (1920) 14 2 ( m) 1 ( m) 15 ( 712 1,294m) 8 ( m) 361 ( ,928.4m) 9 ( m) ( )7 ( ,621.7m) (RC) NPO(nonprofit organization) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 15 12
13 6 (1873)11 2, (1885)3 6,000 5,500 11, , (1891) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 13
14 ( ) 17 (1884) ( ) (1890)4 ( ) 槗 ( )
15 8 9 ( ) 10 ( ) 槗 17 (1884)3 8 ( ) (1883)11 ( ) 17 2 ( ) 3 3 ( ) 16 (1883)
16 ( ) 16 16(1883) 7 ( JR ) ( ) ( ) 17 ( ) ( ) 槗 km (1891) (1906) 7 24 (1891) ( ) 4 ( ) 5 (1930) 16 (2004) ( 936m 4 ) 26 (1893)9 17 (1884) 25 16
17 (1893) ,700m 16 3 ( ) ( ) 3, ,
18 ( ) , ,102 ( ) 1 (0.3m) (3 88 /m) (4,206 /117 ) (4,206 /3,452 ) (8,94m) 21 (1888) 10 4 (9.2m) 9 (2.7m) 7.11 ( ) ( ) 18
19 ( ) (5.4m 4 (1.21m) / ( ) (9.1m) 4.5 (1.35m) 6.67 ( ) 29 5 (9.1m) 6 (1.81m) (9.9.8m) 4.5 (1.35m) (6.3m) 6 (1.8m) (9.9m) 4.5 (1.4m) (5.4m) 6 (1.8m) 3.00 ( ) (10.8m) 1 2 (2.4m) (9m) 1 (1.8m) (9m) 20 (6m) ( 16 ) ( 17 ) 1 17 / ( 23 ) 90 / ( ) ( 19 ) ( 19 ) ( 2 ) ,206 3, / (3 70 /m) / 15 (1882) ,600 ( / ) (1886) , / ( ) 21 19
20 (6.36m) 6 (1.82m) ( ) , , , (1884) (1919) ( ) , , , ,016 18, , , } 1 2 { 20
21 35 3, , , (1934) 4,160 3, ,016 18, ( ) (1915) ( ( ) ( )) ( ( ) ( )) ( ) ( ) ( )) 4 21
22 26 (1893)9 ( ) (1883) 3 3, ( ) 1, , ( ) , , , (1900) 3 ( 11 ) (1880) 10 6 (1873) (1893) (12 5 ) ( ) ( ) 51 ( 93m) 9 ( 2.7m) 16 (1833) (1910) [ ] (1890)12 21 [ ] 30 (1897)8 3 [ ] 30 [ ]
23 (1910) (1878) (1894) 3km 62 (112.7m) 2 (3.6m) [ 1909] 43 (1910) 7 (1918) 44 (1911) (113m) 12 (3.6m) 2, , , , [ 1910] ,296 1, , (bolt) [ 1909] (1) (2) (1) (2) 27 2, , , , , , [1119] [ 1909] 31 23
24 , , (1920) (1888) ( 5, ) ( ) 5,883 5, , , ( 48.3 ) (21.2 ) (10.2 ) (9.3 ) ( ) (15 ) (12 96 ) (7 24 ) (11.0%) , ,385 ( ) (1898) ( ) (1890) 10 (1921)
25 ( ) ( ) ( 7 ) ( ) 130 ( 31,100 ) (1869)7 ( ) g 4 (1871) 1 1 (100 ) (1873) 25 (1892) (1896) (1873) (1882) (1891) (54.5m) 2 (3.6m) 30cm (1878) ( ) ( ) 10 6 (1.8m) 50 2 ( )
26 ( ) ( ) 1, (44 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) , ,264 14, (1914) ( 30 (55m) ) ( 0.9m) 5 ( 1.5m)
27 31 ( ) 6 (1873) , ( ) 2 ( ) 6 ( ) (1882) (1894) (1871) (1900) (1912) (1907) (1924) 48 27
28 ( ) (1803) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 113 ) 24 (1891)8 ( ) ( ) (175m) (1929) 131m 5.5m (1890) 28 (1895) ( ) 37 (1904) (1872) (282.7m) ( 153 ) 7 (2.1m) 34 5 (1.5m) 2, ( ) 2 4, , ,500 2, , ,
29 , (1876) , (1884) 18 4 (1868 ) (1871) / ( ) 4 (1864) 4 (1868) / /3 7 3/233 8 ( 1878 ) 9 M76 10 ( ) S ( 1994 ) 12 2 ( 1990 ) (1909) 4 8 (1919) ( 58 ) ( 1996 ) /3 29
30 (1869 ) 22 (1947) , (1883) 3, ( ) (1874) 8 (1874) 9 (1875) 11 (1878) ( 1329 ) ( ) 30
31 ( ) ( ) 38 ( ) ( 1981 ) ( ) (1873) 14 (1881) 2 ( ) ( ) ( 1967 ) ( 1964 ) ( 1974 ) ( 1966 ) 2 49 ( 1990 ) 50 ( 1980 ) ( 1984 ) ( 1979 ) ( 1965 ) 53 4 ( 1997 ) 54 ( 1996 )
32
33 1 4 (1929) (1926) 3 (1928) (17 ) (16 ) (23 ) ( ) (37 ) (16 ) (19 ) 124 (41 ) 1km
34 24 4 ( 7 ) ( 34 ) ( 43 ) ( 3 ) ( 21 ) 2 ( ) 16 (1883) ( ) (1874) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (162m) 2 (3.6m) ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 9 ( ) (1875) 11 (1878) 22 ( ) ( ) 5 (1858) 8 (1975) 38 (68.4m) 6 44 (1911) ( ) 1km 2 11 (1875) ( ) 12 34
35 (bascule bridge) 2 12 (1879) 33 (1959) ( ) ( ) 7m 3m ( 2.33)8 50m 29 (1954) 33 (1958) 16 (1883)3 1 7 ( 21mm) 200 ( 364m)2 38 /m 3mm 125 (225m) ( 25 30mm)130 (234m) 25 (1892) 27 ( 7mm ) 40m (80 /m) 28 1m 4kg ( 234m 937.5kg) kg m kg (1930) 29 ( 18mm) 100kg8 60 1kg m( 4 ) ,000 /m 830, ,000 / 14 4 ( ) 35
36 5 (9m) 1 (30cm) ( ) 5 (15cm) 杬 ( ) 29 ) 3 ( V ) 31 ( 杬 ) ( ) ( ) 3 ( 杬 ) ( ) 14 (1881) ( ) ( ) 32 ( ) (1919) ( ) ( ) 2 19 (1886) 23 (1890) 5 33 ( ) ( ) (54m 9 (2.7m) (1892)5 20 ( ) ( 22m) ( 311m) 195 ( 355m) 2 (2 3 ) 6 (10.9m) 1 6 ( 10.9m)
37 (1889) 10 (1921) (445.4m) 170 (309.0m) 75 (136.4m) 2 (4.6m) 41 ( 5 5 ) ( ) 1 4 (7.3m) 3 (5.45m) 2 (7.2m) 1 (30cm) (445m) (545m) 1 15 (27m) ( ) , , (1876)11 ( ) 37 ( ) ( ) ( ) 16 (1883) (1886) ( ) km (1920) 3 16 (1883) 41 8 (1875) ( ) ( ) (1890) ( 5 10m) 37
38 2 (6 10.8m) 杬 ( 38cm) ( ) 1 6 ( 11m) 9 ( 2.7m) ( ) 3 ( 5 3 ) 1 3 (39cm) (1898) ( sandal) ( ) ( ) ( 33 ) ( 37 ) 44 ( ) 27 (1894) ( ) (1889) ( ) 24 (1889) ( ) (5.6m) 15 (4.5m) 6 (1.8m) 700 ( ) 38
39 (1902)11 ( ) ( 151 ) 66 (120m) 7 5 (2.27m) (1905) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 157) ( ) 6 (10.9m) 11m ( ) (1871)10 ( 5 ) ( ) ( 7 165) 5 60 (109m) 9 (2.7m) 5 (9,1m) 4 ( 1.2m)
40 ( 145m) (1896) 14 (1939) 2 49 (1974) m ( R 8.14) 1 ( R 7.42) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5 45 ( 82m) 2 ( 3.6m) 15 9 (1876) ( 80m) 1 ( 3m) 7 (1824) ( ) ( ) ( 215m) 2 (3.6m) ( 91m) ( 51m) ( 40m) 8 18 ( 33m) (1873) (1890) 61 1 ( 111m) 1 ( 3m) 7 鏁 40
41 55 24 (1909) ( ) ( ) ( 204m) 2 ( 3.6m) 9 30 ( 55m) 2 ( 3.6m) ( ) ( 54.5m) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 8 (1875) (1873) ( ) ( 109m) 1 3 ( 2.7m) 22 ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) ( 45m) 9 (2.7m) 8 26 ( 47m) 9 (2.7m) 1 7 (1874) ( ) ( 109m) 1 ( 3m) 6 ( ) 7 (1874) ( ) ( 73m) 6 ( 1.8m) 7 (1874) ( 22 ( ) ( ) ( 83m) 9 ( 2.7m) 9 (1876) ( ) ( 109m) 9 (2.7m) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () () () () () () () () ( ) ( ) 9 (1876) 8 30 ( 55m) 9 ( 2.7m) 56 4 (1747) 8 (1875) 41
42 10 ( ) ( 73m) 8 ( 2.4m) ( ) 11 (1878) 4 11 ( ) ( 91m) 6 ( 1.8m) 11 (1878) ( ) 22 ( 40m) 9 ( 2.7m) 9 ( ) ( ) 7 30 ( 55m) 1 ( 3m) ( ) 7 80m(44 ) 3m(1 ) 4 3 (1928) 12 (1879) 30 (54.5m) 10 (3.0m) 7 ( ) (1883) 6 (1917) 13 (1880) ( ) 43 (1910) ( ) ( 82m) 1 3 ( 2.7m) 11 (1878) 6 (1873) m(50 ) 2.7m(1 ) 8 (1875) ( ) ( 1981 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 43 (1910) ( ) 9 (1876)7 ( ) ( ) ( 118m) 2 ( 3.6m) 8 24 (1949) 3 ( 191) 36 (1903) 101 ( 184m) 12 (3,6m) 42
43 57 ( ) DNA ( ) ( 1859) ( ) 58 5 (1872) ( 82m) 2 ( 3.6m) 12 (1879) 78 (142m) 2 (3.6m) (1891) 13 (1880) ( ) 12 ( 1981 ) 2 2 ( ) ( ) m ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) km 15 (1882) 14 (1926)
44 ( ) 11 ( 33 ) 2 ( 3.6m) ( 314m) 86 3 ( 157m) 43 ( 78m) 6 ( 11m) ( 177) 31 ( ) 6 (1873) , (1890) (1910) ( 55m) (1913) ( 182m) (1888) ( ) 21 ( ) 218m 2.7m( 5.4m ) (1908) 43 (1910)9 254 ( 462m) 16 ( ) 75 ( 136m) (1897) ( ) 4,5m (1914)12 36 (1903) 36 ( 65m) 7 ( 2.1m) 2 44
45 5 5 (1872) m 19 (1886) (100m) 1 (2.73m) (1890) (1895) 21m 17 7 (1932) 5 ( ) (1895)5 ( ) (202m) (3.6m) 15 ( ) 25, (1905) ( ) 37 (1904) 41 (1908) (167m) 20 (6m) 13 ( ) ( ) (1925) 50km 22 (1947)9 15 (Catherine) (1905) 7km 20 45
46 43 (1910) 6 (1931) 5km ( saddle) 31 (1898) 4 (2 2 ) 2 25 (1902) (1877)9 ( ) 66 2 ( ) ( ) ( 1 16 ) ( ) ( ) (136m) (1890) (1878) 68 46
47 6 30 ( ) ( ) ( ) 12 12ft(3.6m) 7 15 (1882) ( ) 2 69 ( ) ( ) 80 (145.4m) 5 (9.1m) 3 5 (1.01m) ( 8.57)13 ( ) 5 (9.1m) 4 3 (1.3m) ( 6.98)13 85 (154.5m) ( 8 (1875) 4 (1915) (1875) ( ) ( ) ( ) 9 10 (1877)4 11 4, (1882) 57 (103.6m) 9 (2.7m) (1894) 8 (1933) (1902) ( ) ( ) 53 (96.4m) 9 (2.7m) (1875)8 ( ) ( ) (1901) 15 ( ) ( ) (1874) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 9 (1876) 11 47
48 (1878)3 646 (1,174m) ( ) 100m 43.6m ( ) 12 ( ) 5 7 (long rink chain) 17 (1884) 10 ( ) 9 ( ) (1873) (1923) (1913) 25, 艜 2m 艜 26 5 ( 8m) 5 5 (1.67m) (3 ) 艜 15 (1882) ( ) (1913) 48
49 4. ( ) 11 (1878) m 4m (1889) 33 (1958) 14 (1369) ( ) ( ) 75 ( ) ( ) 27 (1894) 76 1 () (1902) 34 (1959) 3 ( ) 1 ( 1929 ) (667) (1879) 8 (1919) (1872)
50 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 6 4 (1561) 4 ( ) (1891) m 艜 (1934) 艜 ( 2005 ) 17 ( ) m / M76 1/3 22 ( ) (1885) 8 25 M76 3/ ( 1930 ) 30 杬 杬 杬 杬 杬 杬 50
51 31 ( ) ( 1975 ) ( 1975 ) 39 M76 1/3 40 ( 1917 ) ( 1962 ) ( 1987 ) ( 1982 ) (1884) (1937) ( 1938 ) ( ) ( 1990 ) ( 1979 ) 52 5 ( 1971 ) 53 ( ) (1.8L) L ( 1997 ) 1 ( 1979 ) 56 ( 1992 ) 57 ( ) 58 () ( 2001 ) ( 1996 ) ( )
52 63 著 ( 1994 ) (1947)9 15 1, ( 1985 ) 66 ( ) 67 ( 2004 ) 68 (Isabella Lucy Bird: ) 著 ( 1973 ) 著 3 3 ( 2002 ) 69 ( 1915 ) ( 1983 ) 71 ( ) ( 1981 ) 著 ( 1981 ) ( 1972 ) ( 1974 ) 75 ( 1967 ) 76 mori-net.jp/teijyu/rekishi.ht 77 ( 1916) 52
53 29 (1896) 8 (1919) (1909) (1917) 5 13 (1924) 5 5 (1916) 14 (1925) (1928) (1917) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 8 (1919) (1920) 2 ( ) ( ) ( 8 10 ) ( 16 5 ) ( 16 9 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 12 8 ) ( 9 6 ) ( 6 ) ( 11 6 ) ( 31 7 ) ( 38 3 ) ( ) 12 (1912) 9 2 ( 10 (1921) ) 3 ( 4 10 ) ( 4 10 ( ) 3 40 (1907)8 43 ((1910) (1612) 4 6 (1931) 8 (1919) 5 53
54 ( ) ( ) ( 16 9 ) ( 7 39 ) ( ) ( ) ( 9 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 39 ) ( 3 13 ) ( ) 9 ( 3 13 ) ( ) 5 3 (1928) 13 (1938) m 3.14m 400mm 3 14 (1891) ( ) 29 (1954) 27 (1952) (1905) 3 (1928) (1932) ( ) ( ) 7 15 (1926) 2 12 (1623) ,080m (1964) (1973) 9 17 (2005) 6 (1931) ( ) 11 ( 1954 ( ) 12 ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) 26 ( ) 3 54
55 , ( ) ,000 3 (12km) 6 (24km) (1932)4 10 (1935)9 2/ ( ) 2 14 (1939) ( ) 13 (1938) (1940) (1941) (1945) (1946)6 21 ( ) (1949) 28 (1953) (1964) ( ) ( ) 39 (196)2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 (1990) 900m
56 30 (1955) 4 ( ) 33 (1958) 42 (1967) m 4m 7 9 ( ) (1965) m 43 (1968) ( ) ( ) m (1974) ( ) 5 (1858) 2 6 (1917) (1917) ( ) 23 5km ( ) (1931( 11 (1936) ( ) 24 5 (1916)9 12 ( ) (1867)8 ( ) 9 (1876) 27 (1894) 14 (1925) (1928) ( bascule bridge) 26 56
57 8 (1933) (1913) 2 10 (1935) 52 (1977) 226m 5.5m m ( ) 27 (1922 ) 62 (1987) 28 8 (1695) 20 (1945) (1969) (1970) 300m ( 1988 ) (1909) (1912) 3 (1928) 5 9 (1920) 6 (1931) 著 ( 1960 ) 8 ( 2005 ) 9 ( 1973 ) 10 6 (1931)3 (20 )240 57
58 ( ) , ( ) ( ) ( ) 12 ( ) 38 (1905) / (1924) B29 2 B B ロ ( ) ( ) 18 ( 2004 ) / ( 1997 ) 20 58
59 10 (1921) ( ) ( )150 ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 (1660) 1 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) 著 ( 1993 ) 59
60 ( ) 23 (1890)8 17 ( ) ( ) 21 (1888) ( ) 35 (1902)5 ( 1 ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) T ( ) W ( ) ( ) ( ) 34 (1901) ( ) ( ) 2 30 (1897)4 ( ) ( ) (1907) 彽 60
61 ( 122 ) ( ) ( ) 23 (1890) 10 (1921) 17 (1884) 11 (1922) (1878) 8 (1919) (1907) 23 (1890) 12 (1923) 43 (1910) 56 ( ) (4km) ( ) ( ) 18 (1885) ( ) 7 (1918) 47 ( ) 8 (1919) 61
62 T T ( ) 23 (1890) 10 (1921) 8 (1919) A ( ) 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 12 (1879)3 18 (1885) (4km) 3 (1914) 8 (1919) (1907)8 7 (1932) (1827) 62
63 ( ) (Gustav Flaubert ) (Emile Zola (Guy de Maupassant ) 33 (1899)2 13 ( ) 200 ( 300 ) ( ) 8 (1912) ( ) ( 37 ) ( ) ( ) 10 ( ) ( 2 ( ) ( ) 63
64 1 2 ( ) ( ) 38 (1905) 41 (1908) 43 (1910) 10 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 ( 5.5m) 2 ( ) 11 7 (1918) 11 (1878) 8 (1919) ( ) ( ) ( ) 8 (1919) (1920) ( ) ( ) 6 (1931) ( ) 12 ( ) 39 (1906)10 14 ( ) 13 ( ) 14 ( ) 64
65 ( ) (1960) 46 (1971) 1 22 ( 1973 ) t ( ) 4 ( ) ( 1976 ) 2 9 ( 1974 ) 5 ( ) ( 2003 ) 8 ( 11 6 ) (1899)27 ( ) 1 1 ( 1981 ) 10 7 (1874) 11 ( 1970 ) 12 ( ) (1906) 著 ( 1937 ) 65
66 14 著 ( ) 15 著 ( 1997 ) 16 ( ) ( ) 66
67 1 7 (1874) 2 10 (1877)2 19 (1886) ( 1 ) m (1938) 5 6 ( m 7 (1918) (1901) 8 4 (1929) 2 (logistics) 67
68 14 (1939)5 11 ( ) 8 20 ( ) 23 ( ) 鎦 12 ( ) 2, ( ) 1 60m 2.5m ( ) 鎦 60cm 1m
69 cm ( ) 30kg 40kg (Gerogi Zhukov ) 2m (scout) ( ) 2 14 ( ) B25 B29 ( ) ( ) 19 (1944)4 12 ( ) ( ) 5 25 ( ) 40 69
70 19 (1944) P40(Curtis) P38(Lockhead Lightning) Tunchen Pinking 7 B25(North American Mitchell) (FBs) 8 20 B25 4 P51(North American Mustang) (1945) ( ) ( ) 15 ( ) (Chindowin Myi) 600m
71 (Sava) (Tuzla) 2 2 2,034ft.(10m) Eisenwerk Kaiserslautern (maneuverability) 60 IRB(Improved Ribbon Bridge) (the National Guards) IRB IRB (Takrīt) (Tigris) IRB 20 ( ) NATO ( ) M1 (60 ) (M2 Alligator) RB(Ribbon Bridge) (XINHUANET.com) 18 FSB2000 (Ribon Bridge) 1960 PMP (Ribon Bridge Folding Float Bridge) 100 Chaina Military Online( ) 6 6. (Angola) (Kyiv) No.109 (2006 ) 2 ( 4 ) 6 (1873) 71
72 3 ( 1985 ) ( 2004 ) ( 1988 ) Handbook on Japanese military forces (1938) ( ) 7 ( 1918 ) 8 (1901 ) 9 ( ) (Nomonhan B rd Oboo) 1 1 (Khaalkha) 14 (1939) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 40 ( ) ( 1970 ) 32 ( 1972 ) ( 1992 ) ( 1998 ) ( ) 72
73 (NHK 2001 ) ( 2009 ) 10 (Karl von Clausewitz ) 1812 ( 1938 ) ( 1998 ) ( 1988 ) 11 ( 1991 ) 12 2 ( IJA(Imperial Japan Army )Type 99 Pontoon Bridge( ) 1939 ( ) (L)11.115m (W)7.200m ( ) m L/W( ) , , (250 ) 1 (50 ) (Chaina Burma India(CBI) Fourteenth Air Force) Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Force B (1944) IRB ( ) 100m
74 m 2 7.5m 12 4m 104m
75 ( ) ( ) 1 15 (1940 ) ( ) , (1936)11 15 ( ) 95 (170m) ( ) 13 15m 7.5m ( )10 18 (1943) ( ) m m 75
76 ( ) PC 56.37m 4.0m 6 5 PC 2-4 m m m 2 5.6km 9.5km 4 1.5m 4m m ( ) 50.5m(1 ) 237.5m(2 ) 1.5m 33.3m , m 11.5m (2003) ( ) m 6.2m 76
77 3 70m , ( 1983 ) 1 ( 1988 ) ( 1991 ) 3 28 ( 1982 ) 77
78 A pontoon bridge PC pre-stressed concrete floating structure 3 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion OTEC NLG 78
79 4 5 A 1 P C pre stressed concrete post tension pre tension PC PC precast concrete PC Police Constable Public Convenience Personal Computer PC m Pacific Geoscience Center and U.S.Georogical Survey 5 B 1 79
80 CO2 300 markab kabir Ganges Allahābād 12 Kumbh Mela Festival of the Pitcher Maha Kumbh Mela Yamuna
81 m m cm 20cm 81
82 3 1 Vedic Period amrita the nectar of immortality mela 4 Sangam Vārānāsi
新論文：第4章 江戸文化と舟橋・浮橋
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A : : : : : : : : : : PR PR NHK 2 PR PR 3 1954 7 4 5 9 12,000 12 100 2 2 11 4 5 6 7 / PR 8 9 10 11 1952 ( ) 2008 2009 2012 NHK km m m 12 m km km kg kg 13 % 14 15 1959 5 20 8 17100kg 400kg How much? 60
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