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1 13Problem of Number Raptors Conservation 2008, ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｰ: ｨｹ 08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ 0002ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ07 01ｨｨ03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｺ06, 17aｨC17 ｨｰ0205.: +7 (831) ikar_research@mail.ru Contact: Igor Karyakin Center of Field Studies Korolenko str., 17aｨC17 Nizhniy Novgorod Russia tel.: +7 (831) ikar_research@mail.ru , 0708ｨｨ090502ｨｺｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｰｨｨ02: ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 ( ｨ ) ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 (090708ｨ 09ｨ ). 0806ｨｰ ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪｨ Electric poles suitable for bird nesting: metal (left) and concrete (right). Photo by I. Karyakin 0205ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ07 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ, ｨ 01ｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ0709ｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｨ07ｨｬ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 09 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ﾂ ｨｺ ｨ 0409ｨｰ ｨｰｨ 05 09ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｰ , 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｬ02ｨｪ0707 ｨｮ ｨｨ07 06ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ , 01ｨ 0903ｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ0605 ﾂ06ｨｺ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ06 07ｨｰｨｨ02ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ0606ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｨ, 09 ｨｰ ｨｬ07, ｨｺ03ｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｬｨ 0903ｨｰｨ ｨ 04 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ, ｨC 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｨｨｪ0008ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨｨ (090603) ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｰ06ｨｺ06ｨｬ 0607ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｬｨｪ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ( ｨ, ｨｨｨｪ, 1981; ｨ, 0108ｨ 0301ｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 1983; 09ｨ ｨｪ060902ｨｪｨｺ06, 08ｨ 01ｨｮ05ｨｪｨ 04ｨ , 1983; 05ｨ 05ｨｰ04ｨｺ0609, 1999; 08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2005; 08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 09ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ, 2005; 08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 2008; ｨｨ ｨｨ 0108., 2005; , 2005; 00ｨ 0204ｨｪｨ, 2005; 2006; 08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, ｨｨｨｺ0609ｨ, 2006 ｨｨ 0108.) ｨｨ 05ｨｰｨ ｨ 0502ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0204ｨ ｨｬ020105ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ ｨ 0502ｨｬ04 ｨC ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｨ07ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ01 09ｨｨ ｨｨｨｴｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ04 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06ｨｰ010401ｨ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09 00ｨｪ ｨｦ ｨｨ0601, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ060806ｨｬ Birds are adapted for the environment conditions. However human began to change many nature conditions and change inhabitant places of many bird species. One of the most powerful factors, that provoked birds to occupy new inhabitant places, was the overhead power line system development. There are many publications about bird electrocution (Pererva, Blochin, 1981; Pererva, Grazhdankin, 1983; Lanovenko, Abdulnazarov, 1983; Saltykov, 1999; Karyakin et al., 2005; Karyakin, Barabashin, 2005; Karyakin, 2008; Medzhidov et al., 2005; Matsyna, 2005; 2006; Karyakin, Novikova, 2006) and this problem need the immediate solution. But in this paper I want to emphasize another side of the problem ｨC the positive impact of power lines to improve nesting conditions for many raptor species. Since the power line appearing birds began to use electric poles as perches during breeding season and migrations. However soon birds began to use electric poles and for nest building. The Raven (Corvus corax) began to inhabit power lines in forest-steppe of Russia on 10 years later than the Jackdaw (C. monedula) and the Rook (C. frugilegus) ｨC in 1980-s and has begun to spread in the steppe zone only since 1990-s. I had already found tens of raven nests on electric poles in steppes of the Middle Volga in 1995ｨC98. The species only has begun to spread in Western Kazakhstan. There is the paper about the process of raven spreading through power lines in the Cis-Caucasus region: Belik V.P. et al., The first nest of ravens on an electric pole was found in that region in The Carrion and the Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix, C. corone) are the latest species of Corvidae who have begun to use electric poles for the nest building. Now 0.7% pairs of Hooded Crows, 4% pairs of Rooks, 30% pairs of Ravens and 55% pairs of Jackdaws build nests on electric poles in the steppe zone of the Volga- Ural region. After Corvidae birds of prey began to occupy electric poles in the forest and forest-

2 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 2008, ｨ 0502ｨｬｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ090502ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ02 09ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ02 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｮｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ0203, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 06ｨｰ0802ｨ 00ｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｨ0104, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0008ｨ ﾂ (Corvus frugilegus) ｨｨ 00ｨ 05ｨｺｨ (Corvus monedula). 00 ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨｨ 00ｨ 05ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｮ ｨC ｨｰ060502ｨｰｨｨ07, ｨｮ06 06 ﾂ ｨｹ 0706 ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ (0008ｨ ﾂｨｨ) ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ (00ｨ 05ｨｺｨｨ) ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ 06ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ04ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ ｨｬ, 0708ｨｨ ﾂ00ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｰ0200ｨｪｨｮ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ, 09 ｨｨ0406ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ0903ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｬ 04ｨ 0008ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 0907ｨｮ09ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ0502ｨｰｨｨ02, 09 09ｨｰ0207ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪ04 (Corvus corax). 01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰｨ 0506 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ02, ｨC ｨｰ0207ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨC 09 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨC ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｦ ｨｨ 0708ｨ 0506ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ0106ｨｬ ｨC ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｬ ｨｺ ｨｹｨｰｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｹ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ06 ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｨ 05ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 05ｨｨｨ ｨｨ08ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ 09 05ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02, 09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 06ｨｪ 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｹ ｨ 05 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ0408ｨ ｨｮ, ｨｹ ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ0609 ｨｨ 09 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ0802 ﾂｨｹ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｮ00ｨｮ06 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ. 08 ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨｮ ｨｨ01 04ｨ ｨｨ05 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨｰ060909ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ (090205ｨｨｨｺ, 2000) ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ 09ｨｺｨ 04ｨｹ07 (05ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ, , 1991; 1992; 1994), ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｮ ｨｪ020401ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ04 ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0601ｨ 08 ｨC ﾂ02ｨｪ09ｨｺ, ｨ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ 09ｨｺｨ 04ｨｹ02 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨｪ020401ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨ 01, 0708ｨｨｨｮ0806 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｺ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ (090205ｨｨｨｺ ｨｨ 0108., 2004) ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06, 09 ｨｬ06ｨｪ000605ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｰ ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｹ0302, ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨ01, ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨｰ. 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ ｨｪ000605ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨ 01ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06 00ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨC ｨｪｨ 0805ｨｰｨ 02, ｨｨ 09ｨｮ0807ｨｰｨｨｨｨ, ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｪ02 ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ steppe zones. The first raptors who began to nest on electric poles were little falcons ｨC the Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and the Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus). Only pairs of Kestrels and Red-footed Falcons bred in the south of the Perm district in 1980-s. The number of Kestrel and Redfooted Falcon nests located on electric poles has increased to 22% and 5% accordingly in the Volga-Ural region till The first event of the Hobby (Falco subbuteo) nesting in the electric pole was registered in the Ulyanovsk district 29 July Only the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) amongst all species of owls began to occupy nests of Corvidae (usually nests of Jackdaws) built on electric poles. There are known 5 such nests. Steppe Eagles began to use electric poles in desert and semi-desert regions in the south of Russia and Western Kazakhstan. The Steppe Eagle nesting on wooden electric poles had been already noted in Kalmykia at the end of 1970-s (Survillo et al., 1977), however the species nested almost only on the ground until 1950-s and began to nest on thatch ricks only in 1950ｨC 70-s and on electric poles in 1970ｨC80-s (Bostanzhoglo, 1911; Kozlov, 1959; Savinetskiy, Shilova, 1986; 1996). Similar process was note in Western Kazakhstan. The Steppe Eagle nesting on concrete electric pole crossarms was found in the Pre-Ural region in 1982 (Pererva, Grazhdankin, 1983). The species had occupied to nest metal and concrete poles widely in the Ural and Emba river basins already to the end of 1990-s. Now 27.3% of the total number of known nests (n=286) is built on electric poles, 52,6% of which is located on concrete pole crossarms (Karyakin, Novikova, 2006). Now the Steppe Eagle has already begun to nest on metal electric poles (15-20 m height) of power lines with high voltage in Kalmykia, the Lower Volga region, Western and the south of Central Kazakhstan, unfortunately it is isolated cases (Belik, 2004; author ｯs information). By the way the Steppe Eagle is not noted to nest on electric poles in the north of his own range ｨC in the Samara district (Karyakin, 2002), in the west of the Orenburg district, as well as in Eastern Kazakhstan (Smelyanskiy et al., 2006) and in Southern Siberia (Karyakin et al., 2006) that are inhabited the large breeding populations of the species. Now only western subspecies of the Steppe Eagle (A. nipalensis orientalis) uses electric pole for nesting, but the eastern subspecies (A. n. nipalensis) has not yet been registered

3 13Problem of Number Raptors Conservation 2008, ｨｪ ｨ 07 ｨｨ ﾂ0008ｨｪｨ ｨｪ04 (Corvus cornix, C. corone), 0708ｨｨ ﾂ00ｨｬ ﾂ0008ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ, 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ06, 08ｨ ｨｪｨｹ0302 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ , ｨｮ06 06 ﾂ ｨｹ 09 00ｨｨｨｪｨｮ09ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 06ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ 02-05ｨ 07ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ ｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｨ01ｨ, ｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨ 0506 ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ06 ｨｮ0302 ｨ , ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨｮ09ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪ02. 00ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ ﾂ0008ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ ｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨ 00ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06-01ｨｮｨｺｨｮｨｰ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0207ｨｨ 0608ｨｺｨｮｨｰ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ 7 00ｨｪ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪｨ 01 09ｨｮ0807ｨｰｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｨ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨｮ ｨｰｨ 05ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ080009ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｦ ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬｨ 0809ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ02 05ｨ ｨｬｨ 0809ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ080009ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨ 09 ｨｪ0608ｨｬ02 00ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06, 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨｮ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨ 08ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ﾂ0008ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ04 (Corvus cornix 01 corone) ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｰｨ 07 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 0805ｨｰｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 0,7% 07ｨ ｨｪ, 4% 07ｨ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｦ ｨｨ 30% 07ｨ ｨｪ0609 ｨｮ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ 00ｨｪ000401ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｹ ｨｨ 0908ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ03ｨｹ 00ｨ 05ｨｺｨ 05ｨｨ01ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ , 06ｨｺ % ｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 09 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨ (070802ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ0401) ｨｦ ｨｪ04, 0008ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｹ ｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ08ｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ 01 (ｨｨ 09ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ) ｨ 06ｨｰ 0609ｨｰｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ 00ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ02ｨｪ0202, ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06 ｨ ｨｪ0402 (ｨｨ 05ｨｨ0300ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨ 05) ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ09 ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｬ0209ｨｰ0606ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ ｨｪ 01ｨ ｨｰｨ 05 ｨｰ070006ｨｰ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ , ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｬ0205ｨｺ ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ02 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0603ｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨｺ06ｨｪ02 ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0703ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ080009ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ 04ｨ 0908ｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ02 ｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ, ｨｮ06 06 ﾂ ｨｹ 0906ｨｺ ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｬｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ06, 0601ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ 00ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ , ｨｰ0907 ｨｬ0205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ ｨC 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨ (Falco tinnunculus) to nest on electric poles. The power line infrastructure development is believed to impact on the Long-legged Buzzard spreading in Western Kazakhstan. M.N. Korelov (1962) supposed the species not to breed or breed rarely in the territory between The Volga and the Ural rivers, however the species was found near the Elton Lake and Janybek in 1964, and 39 nests located mostly in large willows in the territory of leaved villages and on wood electric poles had been already known till 1982 (Lindeman, 1983). V.I. Pererva and A.V. Grazhdankin noted 3 nests on electric poles in the Pre-Ural Mountains region (1983). The number of the Long-legged Buzzard had being increased in the Volga-Ural semideserts till 1990-s, as the result the species have inhabited all suitable territories in the region. (Lindeman et al., 2005). Now more than 80% of local breeding groups of the Long-legged Buzzard nest on electric poles in most regions of Western and the west of Central Kazakhstan. The Upland Buzzard inhabiting mountain steppes in Mongolia and Southern Siberia as well as the Long-legged Buzzard began to nest on electric poles but it seemed to be later ｨC mostly since the end of 1970-s. The Upland Buzzard was not noted to nest on electric poles in Northern Mongolia in 1960-s (Pichocki, 1968). However the species nesting on electric poles was common in Central Mongolia at the end of 1990-s (Potapov et al., 2001). Surveying the Upland Buzzard in Tuva Baranov (1991) found 27 nests of the species located only on cliffs and trees, but nothing ｨC on electric poles. However near 40-50% of the Upland Buzzard nests had been already registered on electric poles (by the way only on wood poles) in 1999.The species seemed to begin to nest on electric poles in Tuva since 1991 to The Upland Buzzard was found to nest on electric poles in Khakassia in A.V. Davygora (1999) was the first who found the Imperial Eagle nesting on the electric pole in the woodless valley of the Irgiz river. Also active nests of the Imperial Eagle on electric poles were found in the Ustyurt Plateau and the Aral Sea region in 2003 (Karyakin et al., 2004). We found 5 pairs of the Steppe Eagle and 3 pairs of the Imperial Eagle nesting on electric poles in the Aral Sea region in 2003, however only pair nested on the electric pole in 2006, but the number of Imperial Eagle pairs increased to 9. Almost all nests of Steppe Eagles besides one were occupied by Imperial Eagles.

4 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 2008, ｨ 0502ｨｬｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｺ (Falco vespertinus) ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｬｨｨ , 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ06, ｨ ｨｪｨ 0600, ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｪｨ 06ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ, 09ｨｺ , 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ 08 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ( ｨｹ, 1992) ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ06ｨｪ02 ｨｺ06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｺ ｨ 05 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 0506ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 00ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨ 01 00ｨ 0506ｨｺ ｨC 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ06 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 2 00ｨｪ020401ｨ ｨｨ (1,4%), 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨ ｨｮ0302 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨ ｨｬ ｨC 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｨ (17,6%), 0708ｨｨ ﾂ00ｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｹ ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨ 01 00ｨ 0506ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ , ｨ 8% 00ｨｪ ｨC ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ 01, ｨｪ06 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 01 (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 1998) ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0906 ｨｮ09ｨｰ080602ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｺｨ, 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ06ｨｪ02, % ｨｨ 5% ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 06ｨｰ 06ｨ ｨｴ ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ01 09ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ0006ｨｦ 09 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ07 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨｺ 0600ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｦ 0706ｨｦｨｬ ｨ 05 (18 07ｨ 08 ｨｨ04 39), 0106ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｰ060502ｨｰｨｨ07 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨ 09 ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ 05 00ｨｪ020401ｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｹ0701 (01ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪ, ｨｨｨｪ, 1983) ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨ 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ 09 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｮ07ｨｮ09ｨｰ04ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｮ 05ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ, 0002ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ 0703ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 08ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｮ, ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｦ 0308ｨｨｨ 08ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ0609 ｨｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ0802 ﾂｨｹ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｬｨ 04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 04ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00, ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0209ｨｰ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨ 01, ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｺ ｨｬ0205ｨｺ ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｨ01 ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬｨｨ 01ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ 04ｨ 09 ﾂ00ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨｮ07ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ060506ｨｪｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ (090209ｨｨｨｪ, 08ｨ , 2005; 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨ 09ｨｰ0608ｨ ) ｨｹ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ 0506ｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨｰ , ｨｨ 0201ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 04 ﾂｨ 0200 ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 01ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨｺ0608ｨｬｨ ｨｹｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ02 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨｨ, 09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨ ｨｪ060909ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｬ 0906ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ Besides Steppe Eagles Imperial Eagles also forced Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug) out and occupied 2 nests, where falcons bred earlier. As the result the density of breeding pairs of Imperial Eagles in the monitored fragment of power line increased from 2.01 to 6.03 pairs/100 km of power line while the density of Steppe Eagles decreased from 2.68 to 0.67 pairs/100 km of power line during 4 years (Karyakin, 2006). The Emperial Eagle breeding on electric poles was noted in the Emba river basin in the Kinderli-Kayasanskoe Plateau in 2004 (Levin, Karyakin, 2005), between the Turgay and Zhilanchik rivers in the south of the Kostanay district (Bragin, 2005) and in Eastern Betpak-Dala (Levin, Karpov, 2005). Also nests of Imperial Eagles on electric poles with the density 0.53 pairs/100 km of power line were surveyed in the lower reaches of the Syrdarya river to the east of the Aral Sea in 2005 (Karyakin et al., 2005), in steppes to the north of the Ulutau Mountains (Karyakin, Barabashin, 2006) and Western Betpak-Dala. Two living nests on electric poles were found in the Mugodzhary Mountains in 2006, and one of them was actually occupied by Steppe Eagles in 2004 (Pazhenkov et al., 2005); 1 ｨC in the Kalbinskiy Altai foothills (Smelyanskiy et al., 2006). We known 200 breeding pairs of the Imperial Eagles in Kazakhstan in 2006, 25 of which (12.5%) nested on electric poles, while 10 of them forced Steppe Eagles out in 2005ｨC2006 (Karyakin, 2006). Visiting Western Betpak-Dala once again in 2007 we 03ｨｰ02ｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨｨ (Falco tinnunculus) ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺ02 ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ (Buteo hemilasius) ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪｨ Chicks of the Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in the nest built by the Uppland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius) on the wood electric pole. Republic of Tyva. 21/06/2006. Photo by I. Karyakin

5 13Problem of Number Raptors Conservation 2008, ｨｺ ﾂ ｨｺ0609 (Falco subbuteo) ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪｨ Brood of the Hobby (Falco subbuteo) on the concrete electric pole. Photo by I. Karyakin ( ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609, ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｪ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02), ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｺ060506ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ , ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ06 ｨ ｨｰ080602ｨｺ ｨｪｨ, 35 ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ06 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ0006ｨｦ (08ｨ 05ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｪ, 2008). ﾁ ｨｺ (Falco subbuteo) 00ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｮ0909ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ000401ｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ﾂ ｨｺ ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 0302 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302, ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｹ0701 ｨC 58% (n=218) (Liptak, 2007). 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｦ 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ07ｨｪ060909ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ: 29 ｨｨ ｨｺ ﾂ ｨｺ0609, ｨｮ ｨｪ06 06ｨｰ00ｨｪ020401ｨｨ0903ｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺ02 00ｨ 05ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ , 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺ ｨｬ0205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ (Falco columbarius) ｨｪ02 06ｨｰ0802ｨ 00ｨｨ080609ｨ 05 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ0203 ｨｺ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ 09 ｨ 0802ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ01ｨ (F. c. aesalon) 09 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ0606ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨC 05ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｰ06 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ (F. c. pallidus) ｨｮ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｮ08ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨ090704ｨｰ0409ｨ 02ｨｰ 0709ｨｪ04ｨｦ 05ｨｨｨｬｨｨｨｰ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ 00ｨｪ000401, ﾂｨｰ06, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ02 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ 09 ﾂ00ｨｰ02, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 0708ｨｨ090209ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ 01ｨ 07ｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｺ0605ｨ ｨｺ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｮ03ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨ (Asio otus) ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨｨ 0908ｨ ｨｪ , ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 00ｨ 0506ｨｺ, ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ noted the number of nests on electric poles to increase at least in 2 times in contrast with All facts the Imperial Eagle expansion mentioned above were registered only in semidesert regions of Kazakhstan. The first active nest of the Imperia Eagle located on the concrete electric pole crossarm was found in the steppe in the territory of the Kostanay district of Kazakhstan on 24 May 2007, and the nest with 2 fledglings located on the metal electric pole was found in the forest-steppe in the north-east of the Samara district of Russia on 7 August The Black-eared Kite (M. m. lineatus) was the first subspecies of the Black Kite which began to nest on electric poles. The Blackeared Kite began actively to nest on metal electric poles along the Enisey river valley in the Tuva depression in There were 12 nests near Kyzyl and Ak-Dovurak till The Black Kite breeding on the metal electric pole was registered in the Republic of Altai in 2000, later a breeding colony consisting of 11 active nests and located on metal electric poles was found in the Chuya steppe. The first nest of the Black Kite on the electric pole was found in the Minusinsk depression in The first living nest of the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) built on the top on the metal electric pole was found in the Kerzhenets river valley in the N. Novgorod district in V.G. Kolbintsev (2004) noted the Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) nesting on the electric pole in the desert near Kyzylkol Lake in the Maly Karatau Mountains foothills. Also A.V. Kovalenko (pers. com.) surveyed a nest of the Short-toed Eagle on the electric pole in the south-east-

6 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 2008, ｨ 0502ｨｬｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｰ060502ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ06ｨｪ02 ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ03ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0602, 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 03ｨｺｨｨ08ｨｨｨｨ, 08ｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｹ ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺ02 00ｨ 05ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 1998) ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｪ000401ｨ (3 00ｨｪ020401ｨ ) ｨ 0405ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨ ｨｬｨ 0809ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ080009ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｦ, ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨ 0809ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 05ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｪ 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｮ03ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺ060506ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0008ｨ ﾂ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ, ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｨｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨｪ000401, 09 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｨ 09 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02ｨｪ09ｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ , ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ, ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ090502ｨｺｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ (Aquila nipalensis) ｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ (Buteo rufinus, B. hemilasius) ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｹ 09 ｨ 08ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 05ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ060502ｨｰｨｨ07, 09 ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｮ07ｨｮ09ｨｰ04ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪｨ 01, 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｰｨ 0506 ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨｮ ｨｮ070506ｨｰｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨｪ ｨｮ0707ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｹ ｨ ｨｪ06 05ｨｰ06 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06, 0706ｨｬｨｨｨｬ06 05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨ01 ｨｮ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｨｨｬ0205ｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ 01 ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｮ 00ｨｪ020401ｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｬ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ01ｨ ﾂｨｪｨｮ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｮ06 06 ﾂ ｨｹ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ 00ｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨｨ02 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ , 0708ｨｨ ﾂ00ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ01, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 0607ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ 06ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 05 ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｹ 09 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ 08ｨｺ ｨｬ07 01ｨｪ07, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｹ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ , ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04 ｨC ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨｨ, 09ｨｨ0107ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ , ｨｰ.ｨｺ. 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｬｨ 0909ｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ 0405ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ00 09ｨｰ0605ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06, ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ, 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ06, ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪ0609, ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ0302 ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｹ0701 (09ｨｨ03ｨｪ07, 09ｨ ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｮ05, ), ｨC 08ｨ 05ｨｬ04ｨｺｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0308ｨｨｨｮ08ｨ 05ｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ 05ｨｬ04ｨｺｨｨｨｨ (05ｨｮ0809ｨｨ ｨｨ 0108., 1977), 0106ｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 00ｨｪ020401ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 0402ｨｬ0502 ｨｨ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 09 50ｨC ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ern Kazakhstan. The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting on electric poles was found in the Ustyurt Plateau: 2 nests located in metal electric poles were visited in 2003 (Karyakin et al., 2004). The Buzzard (Buteo buteo) ｨC only one of 1113 found nests in the Ural region located on the metal electric pole in deciduous forest was registered in the Chelyabinsk district (Karyakin, 1998). Following the Upland Buzzard and the Raven the Saker Falcon occupying their nests began to inhabit electric poles in Mongolia in 1970-s. The Saker pairs breeding on artificial structures (55.3%) were considered to outnumber the pairs on the natural substrates in the Central Mongolia at the end of 1990-s (Potapov et al., 2001). Sakers nesting on electric poles were registered in Tuva in 1990-s. Surveying Sakers in Tuva A.A. Baranov (1991) did not found any nests of falcons on electric poles. However Sakers were noted to occupy Upland Buzzard nests on wooden electric poles in the Ubsunur and Tuva depression in Local herders cut down poles with 9 nests of sakers in the left side of the Tes-Chem river since 1999 to 2003, 93.3%, of saker nests (n=13) were destroyed in the steppe region near Agar-Dag-Taiga Mountains during 7 years (Karyakin, 2005ｨ ; 2005ｨ ), the all 3 poles with saker nests were cut down near the Cheder and Chadyn Lakes in the Tuva depression. A pair of Sakers was noted to breed in the Raven nest on the wooden pole of only functioning power line in As the result of power line destroying by herders and poaching the number of Sakers decreased in Tuva and falcons has not begun to nest on metal electric poles. Sakers breeding on electric poles were not found in the all territory of the range in Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan. The first and last nest of the Saker made by Ravens on concrete electric pole were existing in the north-west of the Orenburg district in the European part of Russia during 2 years in 1998ｨC99 (Karyakin et al., 2005). Sakers has not registered in the Volga and Pre-Ural regions since The largest density of the Saker was registered on following poles of power lines located in Eastern Betpak-Dala and the Balkhash Lake region (Kazakhstan): in fragments with metal double poles ｨC 10.6 pairs/100 km; in fragments with concrete poles ｨC 5.6 pairs/100 km, in fragments with single metal poles ｨC 7.9 pairs /100 km. The minimal density (3.9 pairs/100 km) was noted for the power line in the territory

7 13Problem of Number Raptors Conservation 2008, of military polygon (Levin, Karpov, 2005). Only nest of Sakers made by Imperial Eagles was found on the concrete pole in Western Betpak-Dala in 2005 (Karyakin, Barabashin, 2006). Also Sakers nesting on metal and concrete poles of the power line locating in the Sarysu river basin in south-west of the Kazakh Upland in The density was 8.1 pairs/100 km ｨC in the steppe upland of the Sarysu river right side and 6.4 pairs/100 km ｨC in the steppe upland of the Sarysu river left side, but Sakers were not noted on electric poles in sands of the Sarysu river left side. Sakers breeds sufficiently sporadically in sands of the Aral Sea region. A.V. Kovalenko (pers. com.) found 2 pairs of Sakers breeding on concrete poles of power line along the Syr-Darya river in Four pairs were registered in nests made by eagles on concrete poles of the destroyed power line 183 km in length in the Bolshye Barsuki sands in 2003 (Karyakin et al., 2005). Now Sakers are not found to breed on electric poles to the west of the Bolshye Barsuki sands in Kazakhstan and Russia up to the Western Ukraine. 01ｨｪ000401ｨ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ (Aquila nipalensis) ｨｪ0603ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪｨ Nests of the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) at foots of electric poles. Photo by I. Karyakin 09ｨｪｨ - ﾂｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ04, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ, 09 70ｨC , ｨｨ (090609ｨｰｨ ｨｪ , 1911; , 1959; 05ｨ 09ｨｨｨｪ0202ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, 01ｨｨ050609ｨ, 1986; 1996). 08ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0705ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨｨ 09 05ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ0406ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ 01 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｮ08ｨ 05ｨｹ02 ( ｨ, 0108ｨ 0301ｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 1983) ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ0102ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨ (1983ｨ ) 09 70ｨC ｨｨ03ｨｹ 9% 00ｨｪ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 00ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨｮ ｨｨ01 03ｨｨ0806ｨｺ06 08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｪｨｮ 0708ｨ 05ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ ｨｹ 27,3% 00ｨｪ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨｰ 06ｨ ｨｴ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ0401 (n=286) ｨｮ09ｨｰ080602ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ , 52,6% ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰ080602ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ0406ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ 01 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, ｨｨｨｺ0609ｨ, 2006) ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 05ｨｬ04ｨｺｨｨｨｨ, ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ , 09 05ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｹｨｰｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ ｨｨ04 ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨC20 ｨｬ, ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 01 08ｨ ｨ 00ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ (090205ｨｨｨｺ, 2004; 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨ 09ｨｰ0608ｨ ) ｨｮ02ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0802ｨ 05ｨ ｨC 09 05ｨ ｨｬｨ 0809ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 2002) ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ0803ｨｹ07, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ06ｨｦ Thus the power lines using by birds are distinguished in different regions and years. Appearing in bird inhabitant places power lines impact differently on different subpopulation of the species and it depends on different factors. The most distinguished differences of developing abilities to nest on electric poles development adaptation are revealed between the Steppe and Imperial Eagles. Escaping negative factors pairs of the Steppe Eagle western subspecies began to use electric pole for nesting in optimal breeding habitat, but the Imperial Eagle began to use electric pole as the result of moving from optimal to sub-optimal habitats. Our research confirms power lines to be very important for creating subpopulations of raptor species in untypical places for raptors and therefore and influence development of population structure of those species. From one hand their adaptation to nest on electric poles especially in human disturbed territories promotes their survival. But from another hand birds become to depend on the power engineering management. Now when extensive using of electric poles by raptors is noted, the special program need for collaboration between ornithologists and power engineering specialists for bird protection from electrocution.

8 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 2008, ｨ 0502ｨｬｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ 00ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ04 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨｪ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪｨ Different nest locations of the Steppe Eagle on metal electric poles in Kazakhstan. Photo by I. Karyakin 05ｨｨｨ ｨｨ08ｨｨ (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2006), ｨ ｨｪ0706ｨｰ ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｺ08ｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｮ0707ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｨ01ｨ. 0301ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ , 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨ 02 (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2005), ｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ02 08ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0106 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪ02 ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ (05ｨｬ020507ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ 0108., 2006) ｨｨ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 00ｨｪ000401, ｨｮ09ｨｰ080602ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ (05ｨｬ020507ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ 0108., 2008). 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ, 09 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ07 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｪ06 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨｨ01ｨ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ (A. n. orientalis), ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ (A. n. nipalensis) 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0409ｨ 07, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｹ07 (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2006), ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 01ｨ 0302 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ ｨｪｨｹ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ0603ｨｨ , ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 0405 ｨｮ0302 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01 ｨｰ ｨ 00ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｦ. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ﾂ02, ｨｰ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｬｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ, ｨｰ06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09 05ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02, ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ02 ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨ 06ｨｰ, 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ ﾂｨｨ090502, ｨｨ 09 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ0008ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ (1962) 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 05, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｦ ｨｨ 0708ｨ 0506ｨｬ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｪ02 00ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0909ｨｰ0802 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ06, 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 ｨｮ ｨｪ000401ｨ 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ04 ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｹｨｰ06ｨｪｨ ｨｨ 0203ｨ ｨｪ04ｨ 02ｨｺｨ, ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨｪ000401, 08ｨ ｨ 00ｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ07ｨｪ0401 ｨｨ09ｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ (09ｨｨｨｪ0102ｨｬｨ ｨｪ, 1983ｨ ) ｨｪ000401ｨ 01 ｨｪｨ , ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｨｨｮ08ｨ 05ｨｹ02, ｨｮ0706ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ ｨ 0301ｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨｨｪ (1983) ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ07ｨｮ09ｨｰ04ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ , ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ02 ﾂ ｨｨ01 ｨｨ09 ﾂ020807ｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 (09ｨｨｨｪ0102ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2005). 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨ 0002ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ (0308ｨｨｨ 08ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ02 08ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ04, 04ｨ 07ｨ ｨｨｨ 08ｨ 05ｨｹ07) ｨｪｨ ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨ % 0506ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｮ0707ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609, ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｪ0102ｨｪ02ｨｨ07 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ01ｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ ﾂ00ｨｬ, 09 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ, ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ , ｨ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｺ % ｨ 02ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｮ0707ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609, 00ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0209ｨｰ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨ 01, 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨｪ06 ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ, ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨ 04ｨ 0109ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ01 ｨC ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ0600ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ, ｨｪｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｰ0207ｨｨ 0006ｨｪ000605ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0703ｨｪ06ｨｦ 05ｨｨｨ ｨｨ08ｨｨ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 06ｨ 04ｨｺｨｪ060902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ , ｨｪ06, 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ06, ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ , ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｬ020802, ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0006ｨｪ000605ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ000401ｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ04 ｨｪ02 ｨ 0405ｨｨ, 0106ｨｰ07 ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｹ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, 0706ｨｬｨｨｨｬ06 09ｨｺｨ 05, ｨｪｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0402ｨｬ0502 (Pichocki, 1968). 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ0600ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0204-

9 13Problem of Number Raptors Conservation 2008, ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ04 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ (Buteo rufinus, B. hemilasius). 0806ｨｰ ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪｨ Different nest locations of buzzards (Buteo rufinus, B. hemilasius) on electric poles. Photo by I. Karyakin 01ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0006ｨｪ000605ｨｨｨｨ (Potapov et al., 2001). 00ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ0600ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ 0802ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｮ05 ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨ ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨｨ 06ｨｮ09ｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ0609 (1991), ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0903ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 09 06ｨｮ0902, 0708ｨｨ090601ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 06 ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ000401, 55,5% ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 00ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｹ0701 ｨｨ 44,5% ｨC ｨｪｨ 09ｨｺｨ 05ｨ 01, ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨｨ 0601ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨ , ｨｺ060001ｨ 09 06ｨｮ0902 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨ 0901ｨｨｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨｨｪ0008ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ , 09 07ｨ 09ｨｮｨｪｨｮ0809ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 06ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｮ0707ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨ 01 05ｨｰ ｨｨ01ｨ ｨC50% 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨ , 0708ｨｨ ﾂ00ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ , 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 09ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ020401ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ0600ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09 09ｨ ｨｺｨ 0909ｨｨｨｨ, 0708ｨｨ ﾂ00ｨｬ ｨｨ04 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ, , ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｹ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 03ｨｨｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｮｨ 0502ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ000401ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 2005ｨ ), ｨ ｨｪｨ 0506ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｴｨ 01ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｺ0506ｨｪｨ ｨ 08-02ｨ 00-06ｨ ｨｦ00ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｰ060302ｨｪ06 76,7% 00ｨｪ ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨC 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ000401ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 00ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 2005ｨ ) ｨｰｨｪ , ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｰ060302ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨｪ ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｮ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ01ｨ 0706 ｨｨｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨ07ｨｬ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｨ 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ 09ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 0201ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ07ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 01ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｹ ｨｪ0608ｨｬ06ｨｦ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ03 ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 09ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09ｨｰｨ 0506 ｨ 0409ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ (Aquila heliaca). 00ｨｨ01, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｮ ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｬ (Tucker, Heath, 1994), 09ｨｰｨ 05 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06 ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ07ｨｮ09ｨｰ04ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ04ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ04 09 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ I 09ｨｰ060502ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 00ｨｪ020401ｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ00 ｨｮ0706ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨ (1999), ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ03ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ000401ｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ 0705ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ0608ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨ 08ｨ 05ｨｹ02 (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2004) ｨｨｨ 08ｨ 05ｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06 00ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 5-ｨｰｨｨ 07ｨ 08 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ 08 ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609, 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨ 0804, ｨ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ050609ｨｹ ｨｰｨｨ. 0308ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ000401ｨ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ , ｨｺ0806ｨｬ ｨｪ060006, 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 0308ｨｨ ﾂ00ｨｬ, ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｹ 0904ｨｰ0209ｨｪｨｨ05 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ , ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0609 (Falco cherrug), 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨｨ, 0105ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨｺ0605ｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 00 ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨ 06ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ02 00ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨ ｨ 08 ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609 ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ050609ｨｹ 09 2, ,03 07ｨ 08/100 ｨｺｨｬ , 0708ｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ 09 2, ,67 07ｨ 08/100 ｨｺｨｬ (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 2006) ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 08ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ-08ｨ 0709ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ 0705ｨ ｨｰ06, 09 ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｪ ｨｬｨ 04 (090209ｨｨｨｪ, 08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ, 2005), ｨｪｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 09 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ0802 ﾂｨｹ02 06ｨｮ0800ｨ 07 ｨｨ 04ｨｨ05ｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨｨｺｨ (0908ｨ 00ｨｨｨｪ, 2005) ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ07ｨ ｨｺ-02ｨ 0502 (090209ｨｨｨｪ, 08ｨ , 2005) ｨｪ000401ｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ040609ｨｹ ｨ 08ｨｹｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 0,53 07ｨ 08/100 ｨｺｨｬ (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108, 2005), 09 09ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨ