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1 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF REMOTE CANCEROGENESIS EFFECTS ON POPULATIONS WITH CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO RADIATION IN THE URALS REGION ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ M.M. Kossenko, A.V. Akleyev, N.V. Startsev, M.O. Degteva Ural Scientific-Practical Centre for Radiation Medicine Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation ｨｪｨｺ06, ｨｺ , ｨｰｨ , ｨｰ0209ｨ 0708ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 0202ｨｪｨｰ08 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ04 ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ, ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｨ07 Abstract The population of the Southern Ural region resident close enough to the munitions industry complex of Plutonium production (Industrial Association ｰMayak ｱ) was exposed to chronic radiation impact. The irradiation of 7.5 thousand people took place following radioactive wastes released into the river Techa between 1950ｨC1956. Internal irradiation from the incorporated long-living radionuclides is still present. The dose reconstruction was carried out in the Biophysics Laboratory of Ural Scientific-Practical Centre for Radiation Medicine (USPCRM). The Register on irradiated persons was founded in 1969 in USPCRM and is still under identification and addition with the irradiated persons ｯ descendants. The remote stochastic effects ｯ analysis results led to conclusions concerning leukaemia and some forms of solid cancers increased risk presence among the Techa cohort irradiated persons. The lower risk value in the river Techa cohort compared to atomic bombing survivors is probably the result of chronic exposure in low dose levels. Absolute risk concerning solid cancers for the river Techa cohort members is entirely comparable to analogous values for the atomic bombing survivors. The studies of remote cancerogenesis effects in exposed persons from the river Techa cohorts are continued now on the extended register background with more precise dose estimations. The studies are held within collaborative programs with USA National Institute of Cancer. Keywords: Southern Ural, Industrial Association ｰMayak ｱ, radioactive releases, dose reconstruction, leukaemia, solid tumours, radiation risk. INTRODUCTION Risk values are fundamental in decision-making in radiation safety. The estimations of irradiation consequences are based not upon the dose levels but risk values for remote consequences (ICRP Publication 60). The ｰRadiation Risk ｱ concept came to life in 1976 when the radiation exposure effects were divided between the deterministic (threshold-dependent) and probabilityrelated (stochastic ｪ non-threshold) ones (ICRP Publication 26). The dose value (threshold) under which the deterministic effect is not expressed was used for radiation protection purposes. For the non-threshold radiation impact value designation the term ｰrisk ｱ was introduced. The ｰrisk ｱ term is used in the majority of publications as the quantitative estimation value of radiation exposure cancer and genetic effects ｯ ini ｨｪ060906ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ 04ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ , ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 01 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07 06ｨｰ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ (ICRP Publication 60). 0306ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｰ08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｱ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ , ｨｺ060001ｨ 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0102ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｨ02 ( ) ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｪ0402, 09ｨｰ0601ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 (ｨ ) ｨｺｨｰ04 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (ICRP Publication 26) ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｰ04 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨｮ ( , threshold), ｨｪｨｨ0302 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0102ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 ｰ ｨ ｱ ｨ ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｰ08ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｱ. 00 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨｮ ｨｪｨｺｨｮ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ 0002ｨｪ02ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07. 34

2 tiation probability. The value of cancer and genetic effects is based itself only on the epidemiological studies data received from the survey of persons exposed to acute radiation impact after A-bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The experimental studies results give basis to assume that chronic radiation exposure leads to other risk values different from those in acute irradiation. In the ICRP Publication 60 the term of ｱdose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) was applied to low radiation exposure levels to designate the parameter for effect value division in case of chronic irradiation compared to the one under acute radiation impact. Given risk values uncertainties are related to the uncertainties (inaccuracy) of dose estimations, approximateness of applied models, inaccuracy of our data concerning the terms of effects becoming apparent and many other issues. The uniqueness of situation around the Industrial Association (IA) ｰMayak ｱ is characterised by irradiation of the relatively wide population groups in doses considered low and intermediate level. The named population study could give new data on risk values under the chronic impact of ionising radiation. Moreover the real estimation of radiation effects in the exposed population based on results of the 40 year-long survey can be useful for remote consequences ｯ prognostication in Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) accident survivors. IRRADIATION LEVELS AND DOSE VALUES The release of radioactive materials from the IA ｰMayak ｱ was the source of population radiation exposure in Southern Ural. The IA ｰMayak ｱ is the first and most important munitions radiochemistry complex in Russia located 100 km from Chelyabinsk. The first nuclear reactor was put into operation there in June and the radiochemistry factory for Plutonium separation ｪ in December 1948 (Akleyev A.V., Lyubchansky E.R., 1994; Cochran T.B. et al., 1994). During the first years after the nuclear plant launch liquid radioactive wastes were released directly into the river Techa. From mid 1949 till 1956 nearly 76 mln m 3 of radioactive water with total activity of Bq (2.75 MCi) were released (Degteva M.O. et al., 1994). Approximately 95% of total activity entered the river Techa between March 1950 and November Radioinuclide content of the released water was the following: 89 Sr ｪ 8.8%, 90 Sr ｪ 11.6%, 137 Cs ｪ 12.2%, rare-earth metals ｪ 26.8%, 95 Zr and 95 Nb ｪ 13.6%, ruthenium isotopes ｪ 25.9%. No evidence for plutonium and iodine presence in releases was revealed. The 26 thousand residents from 39 villages located along the river Techa banks received the highest exposure levels. The river water was used for drinking, cooking and other household needs. During the 05ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ 0002ｨｪ02ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ03ｨｹ 0601ｨｪ ｨｨ0102ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06, ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｬｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｨ080609ｨｨｨｬ04 ｨｨ 01ｨ 00ｨ 09ｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ04 05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ 0609ｨｰ0806ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ ICRP Publication 60 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｰｨｺ ｨｨ02ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ 0905ｨｨ07ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｱ (dose and dose rate effectivness factor, DDREF) 09 06ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ02ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨｮ06 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302ｨｪ ｨｺｨｰ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ06ｨｬ 0609ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ090601ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 09 ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 (ｨｪ02ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06) ｨｪ06ｨｺ , 0708ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ0401 ｨｬ ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ, ｨｪ02ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ01 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ0609 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ090302ｨｦ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｲ0201ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (0302) ｰ00ｨ 07ｨｺ ｱ, 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 01, 06ｨｰｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0504ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07ｨｬ. 0604ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ090609ｨ 0506 ｨ 04 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ06 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 01 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, 0802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｺｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨｰ0609 ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0604ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｰ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ﾁ0208ｨｪ06ｨ 0405ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ ﾁ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ06ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨ 0709ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 0904ｨ ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨ ｰ00ｨ 07ｨｺ ｱ ｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ 03ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01ｨｨ0601ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｬ070502ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｨｨｨ. 02ｨｪ 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨｬ 06ｨｰ ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ 0802ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ 09 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ 09 ｨｨ060502, ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ0601ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｪｨｨ07 ｪ ｨｺｨ ｨ (Akleyev A.V., Lyubchansky E.R., 1994; Cochran T.B. et al., 1994) ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ﾂｨ ｪ ｨｨｨｪ ｪ06ｨｺ ｨｬ05ｨｪ ｨｬ 3 08ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ (2, ｨｨ) (Degteva M.O. et al., 1994). 02ｨｺ % 06ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ﾂｨｮ 09 ｨｬｨ 08ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0607ｨ ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｮｨｺ05ｨｨ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰｨ 09 09ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ: 89 Sr ｪ 8,8%; 90 Sr ｪ 11,6%; 137 Cs ｪ 12,2%, ｨｨ0406ｨｰ ｨｺ060402ｨｬ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｪ 26,8%, 95 Zr ｨｨ 95 Nb ｪ 13,6%, ｨｨ0406ｨｰ ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｪ 25,9%. 07ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｦ0601ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ03ｨｨ05ｨｨ. 01ｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ05ｨｨ 26 ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｪｨｹ, 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｬ ﾂｨ ﾂｨｪｨｮ ｨｮ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ07, 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｨｨｴｨｨ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ

3 period residents of 20 villages (7.5 thousand persons) were resettled. The tasks of irradiation doses reconstruction are being solved by the staff members of the Biophysics laboratory of Ural Scientific-Practical Centre for Radiation Medicine (USPCRM) (Head Laboratory M.O. Degteva). The external irradiation doses in residents from different villages located along the river Techa banks are based upon the background ｦﾃ-level measurement in a) water-level; b) separate points in villages territory; c) inside buildings. The average doses of external irradiation were reconstructed on that measurement basis (Degteva T.B. et al., 1994). The main quota in internal dose formation was radioactive 90 Sr accumulated in bone. Besides the 90 Sr and 89 Sr radionuclides with affinity to the bone tissue, the evenly distributed 137 Cs had an important role in dose formation. Internal irradiation dose reconstruction is based upon live measurement of 90 Sr content in tooth tissue and the whole body by means of human irradiation counter (HIC) (Kozheurov V.P., 1994). On the basis of these measurements among the 14 thousand irradiated persons with a worked-out age-dependent model of strontium metabolism the average doses of internal irradiation were calculated for separate age groups in separate villages. The highest dose rates were registered within the first years after the initiation of radiation exposure and 80ｨC90% of all the internal absorbed dose was accumulated during the first 10 years. The highest dose values were distributed among bones surfaces and the red bone marrow. The maximal value of individual absorbed doses constituted 3ｨC4 Gy. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ORGANISATION Information preparation within four main directions was necessary for the exposed persons ｯ longterm survey and epidemiological studies organisation: ｪ creation of register of the irradiated persons and maintainance for many years; ｪ choice of control; ｪ gaining information concerning radiation exposure consequences (about cancer cases and oncology diagnosis verification in particular); ｪ choice of statistical analysis method. Register of irradiated population Neither the population of the villages along the river banks, nor local authority and public health protection bodies were informed about radioactive waste release in the river Techa. The radiation situation examination in river Techa was held for the first time in 1951 i.e. nearly two years after the 1953ｨC ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨｪｨｹ (7,5 ｨｰ0409. ﾂ ｨｺ) ｨ 0405ｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ04. 05ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ 0906ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ0600ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 05ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 0708ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ04 ( ) (08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ 05ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ0209ｨ ) ｨｪｨｺｨ ｨｪ0203ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 03ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｪｨｹ ｨｹ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨ 04ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 ｦﾃ-0006ｨｪｨ : ｨ ) 09 ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 ｨｮ080204ｨ ; ｨ ) 09 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｹ; 09) 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ 0106ｨｬ ｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ 0405ｨｨ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0203ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (Degteva T.B. et al., 1994). 0209ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｺ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｪ ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｦ 90 Sr, ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 09 ｨｺ0609ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ0206ｨｰ080607ｨｪ ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｮｨｺ05ｨｨ Sr ｨｨ 89 Sr, 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 09ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ Cs. 0402ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ 04ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨ03ｨｨ04ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 90 Sr 09 04ｨｮｨ ｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨ0405ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ﾂ ｨｺｨ (0506 ﾁ) (Kozheurov V.P., 1994). 01ｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ ｨ 0605ｨｨ04ｨｬｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｪ02ｨｨ07 ｨｮ 14 ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0909 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 03ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ02 ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 80ｨC90% ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮｨｬｨｮ05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ06 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ. 05ｨ ｨｬ0402 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ0502ｨｰｨｺｨ 01 ｨｺ08ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｪ ｨｬ060400ｨ. 00ｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｹ ｨｨｨｪ01ｨｨ09ｨｨ01ｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ05 3ｨC ﾁ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ- ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0507ｨｨ0102ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｰ0609ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0706 ﾂ02ｨｰ040802ｨｬ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ: ｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ- ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ02; ｪ 0904ｨ 0608 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ; ｪ 09ｨ 0608 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 06 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨｨｨ 00ｨｪ ); ｪ 0904ｨ 0608 ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 01ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｪ , ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 0905ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ02 ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｰ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰ ﾂｨｰｨｨ 0109ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｪ ｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｨ ｨｬ02-36

4 contamination began. The first health studies of the exposed population were started then too. Two specialised health protection institutions ( ｰdispensaries ｱ) were initiated in the same period. They started to create the Register of irradiated population still later ｪ in There was no passport system for rural population at that time and this is why the following information sources were used for Register formation: economy and taxation papers in village councils, medical documentation in examined irradiated persons, data of population census within homes serial visits. Register completeness was verified with resettled irradiated residents ｯ personal records that were kept in archives of IA ｰMayak ｱ and declassified in At present the General Register of USPCRM contains personalised data on 98 thousand of the population. The number irradiated within the territory of the Eastern-Ural radioactive fallout (Kyshtym accident of 1957) is 31 thousand persons. The major portion of Register is the population resident along the river Techa banks: 26,000 (32%) ｪ irradiated persons, 3,000 people ｪ exposed to ionising radiation impact within prenatal period, 26,000 ｪ descendants of exposed parents. Persons who arrived in villages along the river Techa banks when the radiation situation there had improved substantially are also included in the Register. These 12,000 (12.4%) can be the group of internal control. The population exposed to radiation after radioactive contamination of the river Techa was resident in settlements along its banks which belonged to the two administrative rural regions of Chelyabinsk province and two regions of Kurgan province. These persons are of all ages and two ethnic groups: Russians, Tatars and Bashkirs. The Tatar and Bashkir population constitutes 24% of all exposed persons. The life status survey for decades since the irradiation initiation moment among the persons included in the Register was the most complicated task. The forced migration (resettlement) and then the free one extremely complicated the survey of population. A special working group has been created in USPCRM (headed by N.V. Stsrtsev) for the Register support. Register replenishment and renovation is the purpose of the Group activity through new data inclusion concerning children newly born in the exposed parents, maiden name changes in married women, new addresses after migration etc. Various information sources are used for Register support: official registration notes of children ｯs births and cases of death in civilian registrar ｯs office archives, responses to requests to the Address Bureau concerning the irradiated persons present residence places, rural population registration books, interviewing the persons admitted for examination to the USPCRM about the life status of their exposed relatives. Thus the renewed data after verification are included in the computer Register. The cohort of river Techa status for the 1994 period was the following: 9,500 persons are alive and under 01ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ02 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨｨ0907ｨ ｨｪ090208ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨC ｨｨ09ｨｰ08 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 02ｨｴ ｪ ｨｹ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｰ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｨ04ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ: ｨｦ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｨ ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ0609, ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ02, 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｰｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 0907ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 0108ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ ｰ00ｨ 07ｨｺ ｱ ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｺ0802 ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ ｨｪ0208ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪｨ 98 ｨｰ0409. ﾂ ｨｺ. ﾁｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ (080403ｨｰ04ｨｬ09ｨｺｨ 07 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨ ) ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｰ0409. ﾂ ｨｺ. 01ｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｬ ﾂｨ : 26 ｨｰ0409.(32%) ｪ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ02ｨ ; 3 ｨｰ0409. ｪ ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ06 ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｨ0405ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨｨｮｨｰ0806ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07, 26 ｨｰ0409. ｪ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｬ09ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｮ- ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪ04 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ02ｨ, 0708ｨｨ0201ｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ. 06ｨｰｨｨ 12 ｨｰ0409. (12,4%) ﾂ ｨｺ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨ, ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｬ 0109ｨｮ01 ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ 01 ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 0109ｨｮ01 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ 01 08ｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ. 06ｨｰ06 05ｨｨ02ｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ0609 ｨｨ 0109ｨｮ01 05ｨｰｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ0707: 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨ02; ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ 0804 ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 03ｨｺｨｨ0804; 24% 06ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ02 ｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ 0804 ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 03ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ03ｨｮ06 09ｨｮ01ｨｹｨ ｨｮ 05ｨｨ02, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08, ｨｪｨ ｨｰ070302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ( ｨｪｨｨ02), ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ 0601ｨｪｨ 07 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｬｨｨ0008ｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ. 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｮ0707ｨ ( ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ0906ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨ ) ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ 04ｨ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｹ ｨｨ0903ｨｨ ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 0102ｨｰ0701, ｨｬ02ｨｪ02 00ｨ ｨｬｨｨ05ｨｨｨｦ 0302ｨｪｨｴｨｨｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｮ030209ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨ ｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ0008ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0402 ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ: ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0102ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｨ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ04 ｨ 0801ｨｨ , 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰ04 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ02, ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ01 03ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ, ｨｨ02, ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｨ0903ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ , 06 09ｨｮ01ｨｹｨ 02 ｨｨ01 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｪ060907ｨｰ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04 ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ﾂｨ 03ｨｨ0904 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 9,5 ｨｰ0409. ﾂ ｨｺ; 37

5 survey, 11,300 died during the 45-year period since irradiation initiation, 5,100 (20%) have been withdrawn from the Register in various terms between 1951ｨC1994 and their life status is unknown. Choice of control Different control groups were used at various stages of the research. For radiation effects analysis of the 33 year period of survey results the population groups not exposed to radiation but resident in the same administrative regions with the population of villages on the river Techa banks were taken up having a similar age structure ｪ the so-called Regional control. Three of such control groups were formed with each one close enough with non-radiation parameters (in particular the ethnic one) to one or another group of survivors. Later the calculation of mortality values and cancer risk was held with the so-called Register control application. It is represented by the group of persons who have arrived in the villages located along the river Techa banks during the period of radiation situation substantial improvement and respectively not exposed to radiation. The Register control inclusion to the studied cohort enabled us to increase its amount up to 33,000 persons. Gaining information about cancer incidence Because of the impossibility of revealing the life situation of exposed persons who have migrated within all the territory of the former USSR, the territory part was chosen to carry out the study task. Within that territory for the whole period of survey residence of exposed persons was monitored, all cases of death were fixed as were cases of cancer. That territory was named as the surveyed zone and consisted of the five administrative regions of Chelyabinsk province and two regions ｪ of the Kurgan province. The river Techa flows through that territory with the villages where the exposed population was resettled. The total amount of population there is approximately 230,000 persons (nearly 20% irradiated). The certificates of death of persons resident in the surveyed territory for the 1950ｨC 1994 period were copied from provincial archives of the civilian registrar ｯs offices. The copies are now kept in the archive of USPCRM. The file on cases of death was formed in the computer base of medical and dosimetry data of USPCRM, which contains 86,000 records on death in total. On the basis of key data (family name, first name, date of birth) the information from certificates of death is cross referenced with the Register of irradiated persons and the documents concerning deaths of persons from river Techa cohort are chosen. Then the main cause of death is coded according to the ICD IX. At present the certificates of death are present for 9,183 irradiated persons from the river Techa Register, 1,377 of them died from cancer. An analogous work is being carried out for cancer incidence files formation. Two information sources are mainly used: a) notification of the pri- 11,3 ｨｰ0409. ｪ ｨｮｨｬ020805ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ070302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07; 5,1 ｨｰ0409. (20%) ｪ 0904ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ , 09ｨｮ01ｨｹｨ ｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪｨ. 0004ｨ 0608 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｰｨ 07ｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴ ｨｰ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ 01, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ 03ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨ ｨｪ , ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｰｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ070704, ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ0208ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬ (09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｰｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ) 09 ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 0008ｨｮ070706ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｹ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨｮ 06ｨｪｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ060106ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｨ02, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ0201ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｹ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｺ ｨｰ04 ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨｰ0409. ﾂ ｨｺ. 05ｨ 0608 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06 04ｨ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｮ01ｨｹｨ ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ02, ｨｬｨｨ0008ｨｨ080609ｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨ , ｨｪ020802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06, ｨ 0405ｨ 0904ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨ07, ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ0601ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨｨｨｺ09ｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ06 ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｨ0405ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 05ｨｨ02, ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｪ060902ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ ｨｺｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ05ｨ ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ0609 ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 0109ｨｮ01 ｪ 08ｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ ﾂｨ, ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨ, ｨｺｨｮ01ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｪ ｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0602 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ02. 02ｨ ｨｴｨ 07 ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 06ｨｺ ｨｰ0409. ﾂ ｨｺ, ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｪ 06ｨｺ % ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｨ02, ｨｨ09ｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｨ06ｨｪ ｨC ｨｺｨｰ04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｮｨｬｨ 03ｨｪ0401 ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ ｨ 0801ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 0402 ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｬ ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 86 ｨｰ ｨ 07ｨｨ0902ｨｦ. 01ｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 (00ｨ ｨｬｨｨ05ｨｨ07, ｨｨｨｬ07, 01ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07) ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 09 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ0806ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ 0904ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 06ｨｰ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｨ02 ｨｺ ｨｰ ﾂｨ. 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨｮ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ0601ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｮｨｪｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨ. 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ07 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ﾂｨ, ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｪ 1377 ｨｮｨｬ020805ｨｨ 06ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ. 08ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 04ｨ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0109ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ: ｨ ) ｨｨ040902ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ- 38

6 marily diagnosed cancer disease that is registered by statistical staff personnel of oncology dispensaries in Chelyabinsk and Kurgan; b) medical documentation from the USPCRM clinic that functions as the hematological department. The cancer register includes 21,268 records with 1,922 of them diagnosed leukemia and solid cancer cases in people exposed to radiation in the river Techa region. Methods of statistical analysis The cohort method was applied for cancerogenesis effects epidemiological analysis. The data processing was carried out with the EPICURE programme (Preston D.L. et al., 1993) with grouping in the following categories: sex, ethnic group, dose value, age at the exposure initiation, age at death, date of death. Preference was given to this programme because of availability to fix the regularities within Poisson distribution. Moreover just the same program was applied for risk estimation in atomic bombing survivors. STUDY RESULTS The expected and excess number of leukaemia and solid cancer cases for different ranges of exposure doses were calculated using the AMFIT programme from the EPICURE holding (Kossenko M. et al., 1997). Excessive cases of leukaemia were correlated with dose values accumulated in red bone marrow and visceral cancer cases ｪ with doses accumulated in soft tissues (table 1). ｨｪ06ｨｬ 06ｨｪｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ 04ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨｨ0907ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 01 ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ02 ｨｨ 08ｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪ02; ｨ ) ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04 ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0002ｨｬｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08 06ｨｪｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 04ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 07ｨｨ0902ｨｦ, 1922 ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｪ 06 01ｨｨｨ 00ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｮ ｨｦ, 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ. 0002ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ ｨｨ0102ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨｰ0609 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ EPICURE (Preston D.L. et al., 1993) ｨｮ0707ｨｨ080609ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ07ｨｬ: , 05ｨｰｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ ｨｮ0707ｨ, ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ- ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ, 01ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ. 06ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ, 09 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01, ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 03ｨｮｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 05ｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ0903ｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪｨｮ06 ｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 AMFIT ｨｨ04 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ EPICURE 08ｨ 0909 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ01ｨ 02ｨｬ0602 ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨ 04ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0602 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ 09 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨ 07ｨ 0406ｨｪｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ (Kossenko M. et al., 1997). 0604ｨ 04ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0602 ﾂｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ020902ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮｨｬｨｮ05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨｺ08ｨ 09ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｬ , ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨｬ0700ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪ0701 (ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ 1). TABLE 1 CASES OF DEATH FROM LEUKAEMIA AND SOLID CANCERS IN IRRADIATED PERSONS FROM THE RIVER TECHA COHORT ﾁ ﾁ08 Dose Gy Leukaemia Solid cancers Person-years Registered Excess Person-years Registered Excess number number 0.005ｨC , , ｨC , , ｨC , , ｨC1.0 93, , , , Total 641, , The table 1 shows the excessive number of leukaemia cases is more than 50% of those registered in dose range over 0.5 Gy on red bone marrow. The mortality indices from leukaemia and solid cancers estimated per 33 year-long survey period are shown in table 2. Leukaemia and solid cancers mortality (totally excluding osteosarcoma) dependence on dose and radiation cancerogenesis risk values are calculated using a linear and linear-quadratic multiplicative model (Kossenko M.M., 1996) (table 3). 0604ｨ 04ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0602 ﾂｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ0506 ｨ % 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨ , (ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ 1). 05ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰ 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ0601 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ04 09 ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ (09ｨｮｨｬｨｬｨ 08ｨｪ06, 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0609ｨｰ020609ｨ 08ｨｺ06ｨｬ04) ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 08ｨ 0909 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 05ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ06ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｨ0705ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｨ (Kossenko M.M., 1996) (ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ 3). 39

7 TABLE 2 MORTALITY VALUES FOR LEUKAEMIA AND SOLID CANCERS Group Absorbed dose Gy Cases of death Mortality value (95% confidential interval) in red bone in soft leukaemia solid leukaemia solid marrow tissues cancers* cancers 1 st (1.85ｨC55.23) (173.78ｨC354.65) 2 nd O ** (2.15ｨC20.22) (125.31ｨC196.55) 3 rd (1.76ｨC16.64) (95.31ｨC151.99) 4 th (1.75ｨC24.82) (161.32ｨC259.0) 5 th (3.17ｨC13.11) (178.46ｨC227.59) 6 th (1.23ｨC8.85) (143.78ｨC188.4) I (control to the 2 nd (0.59ｨC3.51) (100.17ｨC121.77) and 3 rd groups) II (control to the 1 st, 4 th and 5 th groups) (2.44ｨC5.15) (162.1ｨC180.23) III (control to the 6 th group) (2.51ｨC5.03) (146.85ｨC163.26) Note. * ｪ 02xcluding osteosarcoma; ** ｪ differences are statistically reliable ( P<0.05) compared to the respective control. 0308ｨｨｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ02. * ｪ 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0609ｨｰ020609ｨ 08ｨｺ06ｨｬ04; ** ｪ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ04 (08<0,05) ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨｬ. TABLE 3 RADIATION CANCEROGENESIS RISK VALUES CALCULATION FOR EXPOSED PERSONS FROM RIVER TECHA COHORT ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ08 Risk estimation Leukaemia All cancers excluding leukaemia Excessive absolute risk per 10,000 person-years, Gy ｪ L-model 0.85 (0.24ｨC1.45) 0.65 (0.27ｨC1.03) ｪ LQ-model 1.04DｨC0.24D DｨC1.1D 2 Excessive relative risk per 1 Gy 3.19 (0.43ｨC5.94) The linear-quadratic model any preferences ｯ absence to the linear one was revealed in description of real consequences of radiation exposure on the river Techa. The absolute risk value of leukaemia genesis in exposed persons from the river Techa cohort is lower than in the atomic bombing survivors (2.94 per 10,000 person-years, Gy) that is probably the result of chronic exposure in low dose levels. Absolute risk concerning solid cancers for the river Techa cohort members is entirely comparable to analogous values for the atomic bombing survivors (Shimizu Y. et al., 1989). At present the studies of remote cancerogenesis effects in exposed persons from the river Techa cohorts are continued on the extended register background together with more precise dose estimations. The studies are held within collaborative programs with USA National Institute of Cancer. 0709ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ06-ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ01-05ｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ. 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 09 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ0302 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｨ0903ｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪｨｮ06 ｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｮ (2,94 ｨｪｨ ﾂ ｨｺ ｨｰ, 0108), ﾂｨｰ06, ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06, ｨｰ ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｬｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｦ ｪ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ 09 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ060904ｨｬ ｨｮ ｨｨ0903ｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪｨｮ06 ｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｮ (Shimizu Y. et al., 1989). 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ07 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨｰ0609 ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｬ 09 01ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ

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