CHEMOTHERAPY 52 MAY d a a. Normal S. aureus d Đg/ml, 2h; e b b Đg/ml, Abnormal e. division lh; Abnormal thickening division cross f c. 1

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1 Levloxacin V.:1 Z iiiir fa L

2 CHEMOTHERAPY 52 MAY d a a. Normal S. aureus d Đg/ml, 2h; e b b Đg/ml, Abnormal e. division lh; Abnormal thickening division cross f c Đg/ml, and Fig. 1. Transmission thickening electron wall micrographs f. S. aureus 209-P JC exposed 2h; to levloxacin. and wall

3 Levloxacinに VOL.40 よる形態変 化 S-3 53 d a a. Normal B. subtilis d. b 0.05 ƒêg/ml, filamentous e b ƒêg/ml, 2h; Filamentous e ƒêg/ml, lh; Swelling the (bulge) f c c ƒêg/ml, Fig. 2. Transmission and spherical electron micrographs f. B. subtilis ATCC 0.20 ƒêg/mi, 6633 exposed lh; to levloxacin.

4 CHEMOTHERAPY 54 MAY 1992 d a a. Normal B.fragilis d. 6h; Spherical e b b ƒêg/m Œ, Bleb e ƒêg/m1, Filamentous outer with collapsed layer f c c ƒêg/ml, Spherical f. Magnification outer layer Fig. 3. Transmission electron micrographs B. fragilis ATCC exposed to levloxacin.

5 3) Liu L F and Wang J C: Micrococcus luteus DNA gyrase: active components and a model for its supercoiling DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: , ) Miller R V and Scurlock T B: DNA gyrase (topoisomerase IT from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 110: , , ) Aoyama H, Sato K, Fujii T, Fujimaki K, Inoue M, and Mitsuhashi S: Purification Citrobacter freundii DNA gyrase and inhibition by quinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32: 104 6) Hoshino K, Sato K, Une T, and Osada Y: Inhibitory effects quinolones on DNA gyrase Escherichia coli and Topoisomerase II fetal calf thymus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33: , ) Tanaka M, Sato K, Kimura Y, Hayakawa I, ` ` Osada Y, and Nishino T: Inhibition by quinolones DNA gyrase from Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agent Chemother 35: 1489 ` 1491, ) Smith J T: Awakening the slumbering potential the 4- quinolone antibacterials. Pharma J 233: , ) Kellenberger E, Ryter A, and Sechaud J: Electron microscope study DNA-containing plasms II. Vegetative and mature phage DNA as compared with normal bacterial nucleoids in different physiological states. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 4: , ) Luft J H: Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 9: , ) Reynolds E S: The use lead citrate at high ` 1) Imamura M, Shibamura S, Hayakawa I, and Osada Y: Inhibition DNA gyrase by optically active loxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31: , ) Hayakawa I, Atarashi S, Yokohama S, Imamura M, Sakano K, and Furukawa M: Synthesis and antibacterial activity optically active loxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 29: 163 ` 164, 1986 ph as an electronopaque stain in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 17: , ) Voigt W- H: The influence ciprloxacin on the ultrastructure gram-negative and grampositive bacteria. (ed) Adam D, Hahn H, and Opferkuch W. The influence antibiotics on the host-parasite relationship II. Springer- Vertag, Berlin, ) Elliot T S, Shelton A, and Greenwood D: The response Escherichia coli to ciprloxacin

6 CHEMOTHERAPY and norfloxacin. J Med Microbiol 23: 83 -v 88, MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, BA CILL US SUBTILIS AND BA CTEROIDES FRA GILIS BY LEVOFLOXACIN Mayumi Tanaka, Masako Otsuki and Takeshi Nishino Department Microbiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607, Japan The antibacterial effect levloxacin (LVFX, DR-3355) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacteroides fragilis was examined by transmission electron microscopy from the viewpoint morphological alteration. When S. aureus was exposed to LVFX, abnormal division was observed at lower concentrations, and thickening the wall and lysis were observed at concentrations over the MIC. The B. subtilis became filamentous, swollen or lysed after treatment with LVFX, and some had degraded walls. In B. fragilis, filamentous, bleb-like structures, a degraded outer membrane and subsequent lysis were observed after exposure to LVFX.

Fig.1 Chemical structure of BAY o 9867

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