wide96.dvi

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3 1 WIDE MAWI WG SNMP WWW WIDE TCP 1. SNMP 2. TCP 247

4 2 SNMP 2.1 MAWI( NetStat) WIDE NNStat WIDE NOC NNStat SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol) SNMP SNMP SNMP TCP/IP WWW SNMP SNMP HTML MRTG(Multi Router Trac Grapher) WIDE MRTG 2.2 WIDE NNStat NNStat SunOS BPF(Berkely Packet Filter) NIT(Network Interface Tap) 248

5 WIDE Sun SPARC Station SPARC Station NNStat NNStat SPARC Station NOC MAC NOC NNStat BPF NIT 2.3 SNMP NNStat SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol) SNMP SNMP SNMP SNMP SNMP TCP/IP MIB(Management Information Base) SNMP SNMP SNMP SNMP WIDE SNMP HTML WWW

6 WIDE SNMP CMU SNMP 1 perl gr gif SNMP SNMPwalk NSPIXP 10 gr perl gr gif Multi Router Trac Grapher(MRTG) SNMP MRTG 2 (Multi Router Trac Grapher) MRTG MRTG gif HTML MRTG UNIX WindowsNT MRTG MRTG SNMP Perl 3 C gif gd 4 1 UCDavis(University California at Davis) ftp://ftp.ece.ucdavis.edu/pub/snmp 2 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department of Electrical Engineering oetiker/webtools/mrtg/ 3 Perl 5 4

7 : SNMP

8 WIDE MRTG MRTG 5 crontab cfgmaker community name 2.2 cfgmaker Target[hoge.wide.ad.jp.4]: 4:foo@hoge.wide.ad.jp MaxBytes[hoge.wide.ad.jp.4]: Title[hoge.wide.ad.jp.4]: hoge (hoge.wide.ad.jp): Serial1 PageTop[hoge.wide.ad.jp.4]: <H1>Traffic Analysis for Serial1 <BR></H1> <TABLE> <TR><TD>System:</TD><TD>hoge in WIDE NOC, JAPAN</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Maintainer:</TD><TD>Osamu Nakamura <osamu@wide.ad.jp></td></tr> <TR><TD>Interface:</TD><TD>Serial1 (4)</TD></TR> <TR><TD>IP:</TD><TD>hoge.wide.ad.jp (AAA.BBB.CCC.DDD)</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Max Speed:</TD> </TABLE> <TD>192.0 kbytes/s (proppointtopointserial)</td></tr> 2.2: cfgmaker MRTG ifinoctets ifoutoctets SMNP MIB SNMP

9 WIDE MRTG WIDE MRTG MRTG HTML <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT=300 > Netscape Navigator WWW MRTG SNMP SNMP command line MRTG SNMP SNMP MRTG MIB (ifindiscards, ifoutdiscards) MRTG ping roundtrip MRTG SNMP SNMP 2.5 SNMP MRTG SNMP NNStat Ether Switch NOC MRTG SNMP

10 WIDE WWW SNMP SNMP

11 : WIDE MRTG(1)

12 WIDE 2.4: WIDE MRTG(2)

13 3 TCP 3.1 WG : : : WIDE NOC WIDE NOC (24 ) TCP HTTP / Ethernet 2 Ethernet 1 257

14 WIDE 3.1: 3.2 TCP 1: ( ) 1 TCP 1: ( ) 2 6: ( ) 3 3:36 ( ) 4 UDP 3: ( ) 5 262:6 ( ) 6 TCP IP 16:00 21: ,772, ,992, , ,608,407,127 ( ) 5 3,105, ,368,782 ( )

15 : TCP TCP 666,516 ( ) 100 % HTTP 531, % FTP 5, % TELNET 1, % SMTP, NNTP 38, % 89, %

16 WIDE HTTP (79.8%) (13.4%) FTP (0.9%) SMTP, NNTP (5.7%) TELNET (0.2%) 3.3: FTP 20 ( ) 21 ( ) FTP ( ) TCP 8 HTTP 18,772,296 ( ) TCP 14,992, % ( 79.9%) HTTP 10,234, % FTP 749, % TELNET 103, % SMTP, NNTP 1,066, % 2,838, %

17 HTTP (68.3%) (18.9%) FTP (5.0%) SMTP, NNTP (7.1%) TELNET (0.7%) 3.4: TCP 3,608,407,127 ( ) 100 % HTTP 2,462,237, % FTP 183,608, % TELNET 4,565, % SMTP, NNTP 189,550, % 768,445, % HTTP (68.2%) (21.3%) FTP (5.1%) TELNET (0.1%) SMTP, NNTP (5.3%)

18 WIDE 3.5: : TCP / 7 8 HTTP HTTP HTTP FTP ( ) (120 )

19 HTTP HTTP 3.3 HTTP HTTP HTTP : HTTP ( 0 ) HTTP ( 16 ) 0 -

20 WIDE Q Q 1 g i = i01 (1 ) (0 <<1, i = 1, 2,...) kbps W k (j) P j W k (j) : j k P j : j k 1X W k = P j W k (j) (1) j=0 W k 3.7 U i (j) U i (j) : j i 0 1 i W k (j) = kx i=1 E[U i (j)] (2) U i (j) = x (i 2) x 1 i 1 Q i 9 i 1 ( x 1) Q x i i

21 E[U i+1(j)] = Q f( x 1) x 1g Q =(Q ) E[U i (j)] Q(1 ) (U i (j)=x E[U i (j)]=x ) E [U 2 (j)], E [U 2 (j)] E[U 2 (j)] = Q1E [U 1 (j)] Q(j 1) (3) E [U i (j)] E[U i (j)] = (Q ) i02 E[U 2 (j)] Q(1 ) 1 0 (Q )i (Q ) (4) (3), (4) (2) W k (j) = E [U 1 (j)] Q k Q fe [U 1(j)] j 0 1 g1 0 k = Q, = Q 1 0 (1), (2) W 1 = 1X P j W 1 (j) = j=0 1X j=0 P j 1X E[U i (j)] = i=1 1X j=0 (5), (6) (1) W k P j E[U 1 (j)] (6) (5) W k (j) = W 1 Q k Q fw 1 n 0 1 g1 0 k n = 1X jp j j=0 (P j ) (k 2) P j n (P j ) M /M/1 n M/M/1 n = 2 (1 + ) 2(1 0 ) W 1

22 WIDE W 1 = Q+nQ 3.8 Q 10 Q( 10 ) =6: , = : HTTP Best-Eort

23 , = f(x) =n 1 e 0x n = 347,022, = : g(x) =n (k)k x k01 (k 0 1) e0kx n = 347,022, = , k = 2

24 WIDE : 2 HTTP

25 : : HTTP HTTP 0 - RST FIN Graceful-Close RST 77,149 ( ) 100 % FIN 17, % RST 59, % FIN RST FIN RST RST

26 WIDE FIN RST : FIN RST HTTP 0 ACK HTTP 0 ACK HTTP 10,234,327 ( ) 100 % 0 ACK 4,757, % 0 - TCP ( ACK) TCP 0 ACK 1. Delayed ACK ACK

27 ACK 1. ACK ACK HTTP : HTTP 1 (ACK SYN FIN RST ) 10 5 TCP / 3 SYN ACK RST HTTP

28 WIDE Web 3.5 TCP HTTP HTTP HTTP 0 - HTTP SYN ACK RST Web ( ) Web

29 WIDE SNMP WIDE TCP NSFNET 273

30 WIDE

wide97.dvi

wide97.dvi 4 139 1 WIDE MAWI WG MRTG(Multi Router Trac Grapher) WWW NNStat tcpdump - 1. WIDE 2. - 141 2 WIDE 2.1 MAWI WG NetStat WG WIDE WIDE Sun Microsystems NOC WG NNStat tcpdump Cisco NNStat MAC NOC NNStat tcpdump