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1 Direct Modulation of Semiconductor Lasers Tetsuhiko IKEGAMI Musashino Electrical Communication Laboratory, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, , Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180 (Received June 30, 1978) A review of the status of research and development on direct modulation of semiconduc tor lasers is presented. Basic theory based on conventional rate equations, dynamics of laser output involving resonance like phenomena, a damping relaxation oscillation and suppression of the oscillation, and spectrum behavior are included. New features appeared in the direct modulation of transverse mode stabilized injection lasers are given. The general problems likely to be encountered in high speed pulse modulation for opti cal fibre transmissions are also discussed.
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13 29) T. Ikegami and Y. Suematsu: Proc. IEEE, 55 (1967) ) T. Ikegami and Y. Suematsu: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-4 (1968) ) M. B. Panish: Proc. IEEE, 64 (1976) ) T. L. Paoli and J. E. Ripper: Phys. Rev., 2 4) T. L. Paoli and J. E. Ripper: Proc. IEEE, 58 (1970) ) G. E. Fenner: Appl. Phys. Letters, 5 (1964) ) J. E. Ripper and C. G. Whitney: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-2 (1967) ) J. E. Ripper: ibid., QE-6 (1970) ) B. S. Goldstein and R. M. Weigand: Proc. IEEE, 53 (1965) ) S. Takamiya, F. Kitasawa and J. Nishizawa: Proc. IEEE, 56 (1968) ) M. Chown, A. R. Goodwin, D. F. Lovelace, G. H. B. Thompson and P. R. Selway: Electro. nics Letters, 9 (1973) ) T. Ozeki and T. Ito: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-9 (1973) ) P. Russer and S. Schulz: AEU, 27 (1973) ) H. W. Thim, L. R. Dawson, J. C. Dyment, C. J. Hwang and D. L. Rode: ISSCC 73 Digest 18) H. Haken: Laser Theory (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1970) p ) D. E. McCumber: Phys. Rev., 141 (1966) ) M. Lax: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-3 (1967) ) H. Haug: Z. Phys., 200 (1967) ) H. Haug: Phys. Rev., 184 (1969) ) D. J. Morgan and M. J. Adams: Phys. Status solidi, 11 (1972) 243. (1970) ) T. Uchida: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-3 (1967) 7. 35) W. Harth: Electronics Letters, 9 (1973) ) K. Konnerth and C. Lanza: Appl. Phys. Letters, 4 (1964) ) R. Roldan Appl. Phys. Letters, 11 (1967) ) V. D. Kurunosov: JETP Letters, 5 (1967) ) H. Statz and G. DeMars: Quantum Electronics (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1966) p ) M. J. Adams: Opto-Electronics, 5 (1973) ) H. Kuwahara, Y. Daido, H. Furuta and H. Nishi: Proc. IEEE, 65 (1977) ) G. Lasher and F. Stern: Phys. Rev., 133 (1964) ) F. Stern: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-9 (1973) p ) J. E. Carroll and J. G. Farrington: Electronics (1973) ) J. Bakker and G. A. Acket: IEEE J. Quantum Letters, 9 (1973) 166. Electronics, QE-13 (1977) ) H. C. Casey, Jr. and F. Stern: J. appl. Phys., 47 (1976) ) M. Adams: Brit. J. appl. Phys., 2 (1969) ) H. Namizaki, H. Kan, M. Ishii and A. Ito: Appl. Phys. Letters, 24 (1974) ) C. J. Hwang and J. C. Dyment: J. appl. Phys., 44 (1973) ) K. Ikeda, S. Horiuchi, T. Tanaka and W. Susaki: IEEE Trans. Electron Device, ED-24 (1977) ) J. C. Dyment, J. E. Ripper and T. P. Lee: J. appl. Phys., 43 (1972) ) L. W. Casperson: J. appl. Phys., 46 (1975) ) Y. Nishimura and Y. Nishimura: IEEE J. 55) A. Yariv: Quantum Electronics (John Wiley Quantum Electronics, QE-9 (1973) 10. and Sons, New York, 1967) p ) T. Ikegami: 1st European Conf. Optical Fibre Communication Tech. Digest (1975) p ) P. R. Selway and A. R. Goodwin: Electronics Letters, 12 (1976) 25.
14 58) K. Nawata, S. Machida and T. Ito: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-14 (1978) ) H. Nishi, H. Kuwahara, K. Hanamitsu, M. Takusagawa and T. Kudo: IOOC '77 Tech. Digest (1977) p ) H. Statz, C. L. Tang and J. M. Lavine: J. app1. Phys., 35 (1964) ) K. Kumabe: Japan. J. appl. Phys., 15 (1976) ) J. Buus and M. Danielsen: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-13 (1977) ) T. Ito, S. Machida, M. Ito and T. Ikegami: to be published. 69) T. Ito, S. Machida, K. Nayata and T. Ikegami: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-13 (1977) ) E. Pinkas, B. I. Miller, I. Hayashi and P. W. Foy: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-9 (1973) ) T. Tsukada: J. appl. Phys., 45 (1974) ) H. Yonezu, Y. Matsumoto, T. Shinohara, I. Sakuma, T. Suzuki, K. Kobayashi, R. Lang, Y. Nannichi and I. Hayashi: Japan, J. appl. Phys., 16 (1977) ) W. Susaki, T. Tanaka, H. Kan and M. Ishii: IEEE J, Quantum Electronics, QE-13 (1977) ) M. Nakamura, K. Aiki, J. Umeda, N. Chinone, R. Ito and H. Nakashima: IOOC '77 Tech. Digest (1977) p ) K. Saito, N. Shige, T. Kajimura, T. Tsukada, M. Maeda and R. Ito: ibid., p ) T. Kobayashi and S. Takahashi: Japan. J. appl. Phys., 15 (1976) European Conf. Optical Fibre Communication Tech. Digest (1975) p ) T. Miki, M. Koyama H. Ishio ana K. Aoyama: IOOC '77 Tech. Digest (1975) p ) P. M. Boers, M. T. Vlaardingerbrock and M. 105) K. Nakagawa, Y. Okano, E. Yoneda, H. Danielsen: Electronics Letters, 11 (1975) 206. Hiramatsu, Y. Ohgushi, Y. Minejima and A. Miyata: ibid., p ) H. Yanai, M. Yano and T. Kamiya: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-11 (1975) ) Y. Suematsu, S. Akiba and T. Hong: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-13 (1977) ) T. P. Lee and R. M. Derosier: Proc. IEEE, 62 (1974) ) T. Hong and Y. Suematsu: IOOC '77 Tech. Digest (1977) p ) H. Hilledrand and P. Russer: Electronics Let ters, 11 (1975) ) R. Lang and K. Kobayashi: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-12 (1976) ) J. Nishizawa and K. Ishida: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-11 (1975) ) Y. Ueno, Y. Ohgushi and T. Yasugi: 1st
15 109) T. Ito, S. Machida, T. Ikegami and S. Ohara: Electronics Letters, 11 (1975) ) Y. Suematsu and S. Akiba: Trans. IECE Japan, E 59 (1976) ) H. Kuwahara, Y. Daido and H. Furuta: Proc. IEEE, 65 (1977) (1973) ) T. L. Paoli and J. E. Ripper: Phys. Rev. Letters, 22 (1969) ) D. Gloge and T. P. Lee: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-7 (1971) ) T. L. Paoli, J. E. Ripper, A. C. Morosini and N. B. Patel: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-11 (1975) ) K. Kobayashi: IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-9 (1973) ) M. Horiguchi and H. Osanai: Electronics Let ters, 12 (1976) ) T. Yamamoto,: Electronics Letters, 13 (1977) ) Y. Itaya and Y. Suematsu: Japan. J. appl. 114) T. L. Paoli and J. E. Ripper: Appl. Phys. Phys., 16 (1977) Letters, 15 (1969) ) J. E. Ripper and T. L. Paoli: Appl. Phys. Letters, 19 (1971) ) N. V. Basov and V. N. Morozov: Soviet Physics-JETP, 30 (1970) ) R. G. Allakhverdyan, A. N. Orsevskli and A. F. Suchkov: Soviet Physics Tech. Phys., 18
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