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1 本語 ( ) 第 14 課 Expressing Uncertainty Verbs of Giving/Receiving Polite version Providing a suggestion

2 私は おもちゃ I want ノートパソコン スマホ スーツ ぼうし じてんしゃ 2

3 この は おもちゃ I want ノートパソコン スマホ スーツ ぼうし じてんしゃ 3

4 ゆびわ (1) この は (4) これは ふうふ おおやさん おっと しゅじん (3)パパとママ 本語では ちちとはは りょうしん あに (5)わたしです じゃあ プロポーズし (8)このおとこの は た この は (7)アメリカ おくって に てください (9)これ すぎ あきらめた (6) この は お を使いた くないんです こんな は けちな です (10) このバッ おなじ グは です

5 たんご テスト Please put your textbook, notebook, paper, etc. in your bag. Please turn off your phone, device, etc.

6 Time Remaining

7 時間です!

8 新しい漢字 きょねん きゅうに いそ ( ぐ ) のる ほんとう おんがく いしゃ

9 新しい漢字 急に 楽が聞きたくなりました 急いだから バスに乗れました 去年 本当に体が悪かったんです かぜだし 医者に かなくちゃ

10 漢字 おんがく たの ( しい ) しんせつ おや いそぐ き ( る ) おみせ きゅうこう きっさてん

11 どれがいいでしょう a. この が よく ( ) よ This color looks good on you. b. この が たぶん ( ) This color will probably look good on you. c. よくわからないけど この ( ) I don t know but maybe this color will look good on you.

12 どのフォームがいいでしょう? a. あの は メアリーさんの ( ) かもしれません That person maybe is Mary s aunt. b. たけしさんは メアリーさんに ( ) かもしれません Takeshi maybe propose marriage to Mary. c. いそがしいし 週末のドライブは ( ) かもしれません I am so busy so maybe no good for weekend car trip. d. みちこさんは あまり ( ) かもしれません Michiko maybe was not very happy. e. このラーメンのスープ まっか ( ) かもしれないね The soup of this ramen is really red. Maybe it is spicy.

13 Expressing Uncertainty: かもしれない かもしれない / かもしれません maybe, probably, perhaps V/ い Adj. short かもしれない な Adj./Noun だ / だったかもしれない Negative= ない / なかったかもしれない ちょっと いかもしれないよ あの 本 かもしれない 先 にそうだんするかもしれません 私のかれ ちょっとケチかもね

14 Expressing Uncertainty: でしょう vs. かもしれない Degree of Uncertainty: かもしれない > でしょう (uncertain) 明 は がふるでしょう 明 は がふるかもしれません でしょう : way to avoid directness = politeness 何ですか direct 何でしょうか indirect

15 Guessing a circumstances: ~ のかもしれない あたまがちょっといたいなあ かぜをひいたのかもしれないね あの お もちなのかもしれませんね の : the same の in ~ のなら A guess based on accessible (i. e. visual, sensory) evidence. 15

16 どの Particle がいいですか? a. 友だち ( ) まんが ( ) かりまし た b. としょかん ( ) 本 ( ) かえしま した c. 夜 11 時に 家 ( ) 帰りました d. 先 ( ) メール ( ) おくりました e. 彼 ( ) チョコ ( ) もらいました f. 彼 ( ) ネクタイ ( ) あげました g. 先 ( ) 新しい本 ( ) くれました

17 を作ってください サントスさんは マリアさんは イーさんは シュミットさんは ミラーさんは

18 Verbs meaning give and receive Giver Receiver qthree entities involved (ditransitive): Giver (Agent = Subject) Receiver (Recipient = Indirect Object) Object given (Theme = Direct Object) 18

19 Verbs meaning give and receive Giver gives Object to Receiver. Giver gives Receiver Object Japanese: Giverは が Receiverに Objectを Give Receiver receives Object from Giver. Receiver は が Giver に / から Object を Receiver 19

20 Words meaning GIVE in Japanese Choice among the verbs meaning give = sensitive to the direction of the object; giving to the first person (and its extension) is distinguished from giving to non-first person 3 rd person 3 rd person 2 nd person 1 st person 20

21 Japanese Verb Give When no 1 st person (and its extension) is involved in giving or receiving: e.g. Last year, Prime Minister Abe gave a Prius to President Trump. give = あげる あべさんは トランプさんにプリウスをあげました 21

22 Words meaning GIVE in Japanese Choice among the verbs meaning give = sensitive to the direction of the object; giving to the first person (and its extension) is distinguished from giving to non-first person 2 nd person 1 st person 22

23 Japanese Verb Give The 1 st person (and its extension) is the giver e.g. I gave a souvenir from Japan to my girlfriend. Give= あげる 本のおみやげを彼 にあげました 23

24 Words meaning GIVE in Japanese Direction of giving:away from or unrelated to me (and its extension) あげる If the receiver is non-human (or lower social standing) やる に えさをやった? 花に やってね いもうとには ぬいぐるみ おとうとにはマンガをやるつもり 24

25 Words meaning GIVE in Japanese Choice among the verbs meaning give = sensitive to the direction of the object; giving to the first person (and its extension) is distinguished from giving to non-first person 3 rd person 3 rd person 2 nd person 1 st person 25

26 Words meaning GIVE in Japanese Direction of giving: toward me (and its extension) くれる ちちは 私にぬいぐるみをくれました ははは ゆびわをくれました 中さんは おとうとに 新しいマンガをくれました さんは いもうとに マフラーをくれた 26

27 Verbs meaning receive もらう Reciverは Giverに / から Objectをもらう 27

28 読んで下さい さんは 友だちからその本をもらったそうです 私は アメリカにいる から 紙をもらいました さんは 彼 からプレゼントをもらいました 私は しらない からメールをもらいま した ちょっとこわいなあ 28

29 Particles with もらう Recipient は giver に / から receive. に or から? When the giver is non-human, use から. I received a gift certificate from the company. 会社から /* にしょうひんけんをもらった I received a letter from the university. 学から /* に 紙をもらった 29

30 Verbs of Giving and Receiving Give When the recipient is me (and its extension) くれる When the recipient is not me (and its extension) あげる Receive もらう

31 Giving Suggestions: How about ~? V たらどう ( ですか ) Between friends; from an older person to an younger person; from authority to non-authority #V てはいかがでしょうか 31

32 を作ってください a. you should give up. b. you must consult with your teacher. c. you may send an . d. you must give up. e. please propose marriage. f. why don t you give a present? g. let s try hard/hang in there. h. how about give chocolate?

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