Niosエンベデッド・プロセッサ プログラマ・リファレンス・マニュアル ver.1.1 Mar01

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1 Nios Version Altera Corporation A-MNL-NIOSPROG-01/JP

2 Nios Embedded Processor Programmer s Reference Manual AlteraACEXAPEXAPEX 20KFLEXFLEX 10KEMAX+PLUS IIMegaCoreMegaWizardOpenCoreQuartus Altera Corporation Verilog Cadence Design Systems, Incorporated Java Sun Microsystems Inc. ModelSim Model Technologies MATLAB MathWorks Microsoft Microsoft Corporation Windows Altera products are protected under numerous U.S. and foreign patents and pending applications, maskwork rights, and copyrights. Altera warrants performance of its semiconductor products to current specifications in accordance with Altera s standard warranty, but reserves the right to make changes to any products and services at any time without notice. Altera assumes no responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any information, product, or service described herein except as expressly agreed to in writing by Altera Corporation. Altera customers are advised to obtain the latest version of device specifications before relying on any published information and before placing orders for products or services. Copyright 2001 Altera Corporation. All rights reserved. ii Altera Corporation

3 Nios TM Nios Nios Nios CPU Nios ( ) 1 1. Version Nios - Altera Corporation iii

4 Web PALTEK World-Wide web PALTEK PALTEK FTP Site (US) ftp.altera.com World-Wide web iv Altera Corporaion

5 Nios 3 3. : [Save As] : f MAX \maxplus2 d: chiptrip.gdf : 1999 Device Data Book : AN 75 ( ) : t PIA n + 1 (< >) : < >< >.pof : Delete [Option] Quartus II MAX+PLUS II : BitBlaster TM FLEX 10K FLEX 8000 Courier Courier : data1, tdi, input _n : reset_n Courier : c:\max2work\tutorial\chiptrip.gdf Report File (AHDL SUBDESIGN ) (TRI ) Courier 123 ab... v 1 1 r Enter Altera Corporation v

6 Notes: vi Altera Corporaion

7 ...xi Nios CPU K ( )... 9 ( ) / (TRAP ) : ISTATUS Altera Corporation vii

8 CWP ABS ADD ADDI AND ANDN ASR ASRI BGEN BR BSR CALL CMP CMPI EXT16D EXT16S EXT8D EXT8S FILL FILL JMP LD LDP LDS LSL LSLI LSR LSRI MOV MOVHI MOVI MSTEP MULL NEG NOT OR PFX RDCTL RESTORE RLC RRC viii Altera Corporation

9 SAVE SEXT SEXT SKP SKP SKPRNZ SKPRZ SKPS ST ST16D ST16S ST8D ST8S STP STS STS16S STS8S SUB SUBI SWAP TRAP TRET WRCTL XOR Altera Corporation ix

10 Notes: x Altera Corporation

11 4.... iii iv v 7. Nios CPU Nios CPU 0x x0100 N (32 Nios CPU / BR GNU /...33 Altera Corporation xi

12 Notes: xii Altera Corporation

13 1 Nios TM SOPC (system-on-a-programmable chip) CPU RISC (PLD) Nios CPU ROM (ESB) 16 bit Nios CPU FLASH 32 Nios CPU 32 Excalibur Nios Nios CPU Nios CPU Nios CPU RISC Nios Nios CPU Nios CPU 32 Nios CPU Nios Nios Nios CPU (1 / 2) Nios CPU 32 Nios 16 Nios CPU CPU ( ) ALU ( ) ( ) Altera Corporation 1

14 4. Nios CPU (2 / 2) Nios CPU 32 Nios CPU 16 Nios CPU ( ) ( ) ( ) f max (EP20K200E -1) 50 MH 50 MH Cygnus GNUPro C/C++ Nios CPU GNUPro C/C++ Nios C C++ Nios CPU Nios CPU K 32 Nios CPU Nios CPU Altera Corporation

15 5 4 8 (%r0-%r7) %g0-%g7 (%g0-%g7) 24 (%r8-%r31) 1 5. In %r24-%r31 %i0-%i7 %r16-%r23 %L0-%L7 Out %r8-%r15 %o0-%o7 Global %r0-%r7 %g0-%g7 8 (%i0-%i7) in 8 (%L0-%L7) local 8 (%o0-%o7) out 16 (SAVE )out in local in 6 Altera Corporation 3

16 6. I N L O C A L O U T G L O B A L %i7 %r31 SAVE %i6 %r30 %fp -- %i5 %r29 %i4 %r28 %i3 %r27 %i2 %r26 %i1 %r25 %i0 %r24 %L7 %r23 %L6 %r22 %L5 %r21 %L4 %r20 %L3 %r19 STP/LDP 3 ( local) %L2 %r18 STP/LDP 2 ( local) %L1 %r17 STP/LDP 1 ( local) %L0 %r16 STP/LDP 0 ( local) %o7 %r15 %o6 %r14 %sp %o5 %r13 %o4 %r12 %o3 %r11 %o2 %r10 %o1 %r9 %o0 %r8 %g7 %r7 %g6 %r6 %g5 %r5 %g4 %r4 %g3 %r3 %g2 %r2 %g1 %r1 %g0 %r K PC %ctl9 CLR_IE (WRCTL) STATUS[15] (IE)=0 (RCTL) %ctl8 SET_IE (WRCTL) STATUS[15] (IE)=1 (RCTL) %ctl7 %ctl6 %ctl5 %ctl4 %ctl3 %ctl2 WVALID HI_LIMIT LO_LIMIT %ctl1 ISTATUS %ctl0 STATUS IE IPRI CWP 4 Altera Corporation

17 K K 11 PFX 0 PFX IMM11 K K PFX 1 PFX 1 PFX 2 CPU PFX SKP K MOVI K K PFX (PC) PC 0 PC PC 2 (PC PC + 2)BRBSRCALLJMP PC PC 32 Nios CPU Nios CPU 17 5 RDCTL WRCTL (%ctl0 %g0 ) STATUS (%ctl0) IE IPRI CWP Altera Corporation 5

18 (IE) IE IE=1 ( ) IE=0 ( ) TRAP IE=0 SET_IE (%ctl9) CLR_IE (%ctl8) STATUS IE CPU IE 0 ( ) (IPRI) IPRI IPRI 18 IPRI 6 TRAP IPRI IMM6 IPRI 6 IPRI IE=0 TRAP CPU IPRI 63 ( )IPRI IPRI ( 3 63) (CWP) CWP CWP 16 CWP 16 CWP SAVE RESTORE WRCTL CWP SAVE RESTORE CWP CPU CWP HI_LIMIT WVALID (%ct12) 0x01C1 LO_LIMIT = 1 HI_LIMIT = 14 7 WVALID (%ctl2) 6 Altera Corporation

19 N V Z C ISTATUS (%ctl1) ISTATUS STATUS STATUS ISTATUS STATUS 18 TRET (return-fromtrap ) ISTATUS STATUS (IE=0) ISTATUS CPU ISTATUS 0 WVALID (%ctl2) HI_LIMIT LO_LIMIT WVALID HI_LIMIT LOW_LIMIT 2 SAVE CWP LOW_LIMIT LOW_LIMIT - 1 ( #1) RESTORE CWP HI_LIMIT HI_LIMIT + 1 ( #2) WVALID / CPU LO_LIMIT 1 HI_LIMIT ( 16) - 2) Altera Corporation 7

20 CLR_IE(%ctl8) CLR_IE WRCTL STATUS IE (IE 0)CLR_IE RDCTL SET_IE (%ctl9) SET_IE WRCTL STATUS IE (IE 1)SET_IE RDCTL Nios Nios CPU Nios CPU Nios CPU 0x x x x x010c x0100 N (32 Nios CPU) 31 N N-1 0 0x0100 ( ) 0 0x0104 ( ) 1 0x0108 ( ) 2 0x010c ( ) 3 8 Altera Corporation

21 ( ) Nios CPU (16 Nios CPU) 2 (32 Nios CPU) 0 1 LD LD%g3, [%o4] %g3 2 (16 Nios CPU) (32 Nios CPU) (16 Nios CPU) 2 (32 Nios CPU) 0 Nios CPU (16 32 Nios CPU) (32 Nios CPU) EXT8 1 EXT16 1 EXT8d EXT8d %g3,%o4 EXT8d 2 (16 Nios CPU) 2 (32 Nios CPU) 1 Altera Corporation 9

22 1 1 1: 1 ; ; 0x x46 0x49 0x53 0x48 ;32 Nios CPU ; %o4 x LD %g3,[%o4] EXT8d %g3,%o4 ; %g3 0x1200 ; %g3 0x ; %g3 %g3 2 ; %g3 0x ( ) Nios CPU ( 32 Nios CPU ) (32 Nios CPU) 1 (16 Nios CPU) 2 (32 Nios CPU) Nios CPU Nios CPU 32 Nios CPU ST ST8d ST16d (32 Nios CPU ) %r0 (ST8d ) (ST16d ) 10 Altera Corporation

23 FILL8 FILL16 (32 Nios CPU ) (FILL8 ) (FILL16 ) %r0 1 Altera Corporation 11

24 2 1 2: Nios CPU ; %o4 0x ; %g3 0x FILL8 %r0,%g3 ; ( %r0 ) ; %r0 %g3 ; %r0 0x ST8d [%o4],%r0 ; (2 %r0 ) ; %r0 3 0x x x46 0x49 0x53 0x54 5/ /16 5 ADDI ( ) PFX 11 K 5 PFX 16 PFX 5 %hi() %lo() %hi (x) %lo (x) Altera Corporation

25 PFX ADDI 1 3: PFX / ADDI ; %g3 0x0041 ADDI %g3,5 ; %g3 5 ; %g3 0x0046 PFX %hi(0x1234) ; 0x K ADDI %g3,%lo(0x1234) ; 0x %g3 ; K 0x0091 ; ADDI 0x0011 ; 0x1234 ; K 10 5/ /16 ADDI AND* ANDN* ASRI CMPI LSLI LSRI MOVI MOVHI OR* SUBI XOR* * ANDANDNORXOR PFX 16 PFX 2 Altera Corporation 13

26 -- LD ST K LD ST -- EXT8dEXT8s EXT16d (32 Nios CPU ) EXT16s (32 Nios CPU ) 1 2 K %r0 FILL8 FILL16 (32 Nios CPU ) / ST8s %r0 ST16s* %r0 ST8d %r0 ST16d* %r0 *32 Nios CPU 14 Altera Corporation

27 -- LDPLDSSTPSTS 1 LDST LDP STP %L0%L1 %L2 %L3 LDS STS %sp (%o6 ) PFX LDP %L0%L1%L2%L LDS %sp STP %L0%L1%L2%L STS %sp EXT8dEXT8sEXT16d (32 Nios CPU ) EXT16s (32 Nios CPU ) STS8s STS16s (Nios 32 ) (STS8s ) (STS16s ) %r0 Altera Corporation 15

28 %sp (%o6 ) %r0 (%g0 %r0 ) FILL8 FILL16 (32 Nios CPU ) / STS8s %sp %r STS16s* %sp %r *32 Nios CPU 2 (BR BSR) 2 (JMP CALL) 2 (TRET TRAP) 5 (SKPSKP0SKP1SKPRz SKPRnz) BR BSR 2 ( BR ) IMM11 BR BSR 44 BR 45 BSR %o7 BSR BR BSR BR BSR SKP BR BSR BR BSR BR BSR BR BSR 26 BR BSR BR BSR Altera Corporation

29 ( ) JMP CALL 2 1 PC CALL %o7 JMP CALL JMP CALL SKP JMP CALL 1 JMP CALL JMP CALL JMP CALL LRET JMP %o7 Nios TRAP TRET 2 96 TRAP 97 TRETJMP CALL TRAP TRET TRAP TRET TRET 5 (SKPsSKP0SKP1SKPRzSKPRnz) (IFs IF0IF1IFRz IFRnz) CPU SKP 5 ( ) ( ) SKP IF (JMPCALL) (BR BSR) PFX (PFX SKPx IF ) 2 PFX Altera Corporation 17

30 TRAP (TRAP) Nios 64 STATUS IE STATUS IPRI TRAP 3 Nios SAVE RESTORE Nios CPU 4 16 Nios CPU 2 Nios CPU n n 2 PC RAM ROM ROM 18 Altera Corporation

31 Nios CPU irq_number 6 Nios CPU irq (1) Nios CPU IE (1) STATUS IPRI ( ) irq_number 1 irq_number irq Nios SOPC CPU PBM PBM 1 Nios irq_number irq Nios irq irq irq_number ( ) irq Nios CPU 2 Nios (CWP = LO_LIMIT) SAVE SAVE CWP LO_LIMIT SAVE %sp SAVE Altera Corporation 19

32 SAVE CWP 1 CWP = LO_LIMIT (IE=0) IPRI 1 CPU ( ) HI_LIMIT CWP Nios (SDK) SAVE (WRCTL ) CWP LO_LIMIT CWP LO_LIMIT SAVE (CWP = HI_LIMIT) RESTORE RESTORE CWP HI_LIMIT RESTORE CWP 2 20 Altera Corporation

33 LO_LIMIT CWP 1 Nios SDK RESTORE (WRCTL ) CWP HI_LIMIT CWP HI_LIMIT RESTORE (TRAP ) TRAP IMM6 IE IPRI TRAP TRAP TRAP TRAP %o7 TRET TRAP 1. STATUS ISTATUS 2. CWP ( SAVE CWP ) Altera Corporation 21

34 3. IE 0 4. IPRI 6 5. %o7 6. PC 7. TRET %o0..%l7 SAVE SAVE RESTORE LO_LIMIT 1 1 (LO_LIMIT 1 ) SAVE (CWP = 0) (CWP = 0 ) CWP 0 CWP Altera Corporation

35 : ISTATUS STATUS ISTATUS STATUS (IE 0 IPRI CWP )STATUS ISTATUS TRET STATUS ISTATUS 1 ISTATUS ( ) ISTATUS ( ) %o7 ( ) %o7 1 TRET TRET %o7 Nios ( ) Altera Corporation 23

36 SAVE RESTORE (SAVE RESTORE ) TRAP ( TRAP ) %g0..%g7 %i0..%i7 ISTATUS %o7 CWP ( SAVE RESTORE ) ISTATUS ISTATUS CWP CWP LO_LIMIT CWP LO_LIMIT ( RAM ) SAVE RESTORE 2 ISTATUS CWP 24 Altera Corporation

37 Nios CPU CWP 1 4 Nios CPU Nios CPU RISC WRCTL CWP -- Nios CPU / -- BR BSR -- ALU ALU -- ALU Altera Corporation 25

38 BRBSRCALLJMP 15 BR 15. BR (a) ADD %g2, %g3 (b) BR (c) ADD %g4, %g5 (d) ADD %g6, %g7 : (e) ADD %g8, %g9 (b) (e) (c) (a)(b)(c)(e) (c) (b) (d) BR BSR CALL IF1 IFO IFRnz IFRz IFS JMP LRET PFX RET SKP1 SKPO SKPRnz SKPRz SKPS TRET TRAP CWP STATUS (%ctl0) WRCTL NOP 26 Altera Corporation

39 16. 1 X Y Y X X>>n n X e e X<<n n X RA 32 5 a bn X X n (8 ) b0 X = X[7..0] X = X[15..8] b2 X = X[23..16] b3 X = X[31..24] RB 32 5 b hn X X n (16 ) h0 X = X[15..0] h1 X = X[31..16] RP (P ) X & Y AND 4 2 p IMMn n X Y OR K K 11 X Y OR (K PFX ) 0xnn.mm 16 ( ) ~X NOT 1 X:Y {e1, e2} σ(x) : (0x12 : 0x34) = 0x1234 PFX e2 e1 X X Mem32[X] Mem16[X] X ( -X X ) 32 X 16 X X[n] X n (n = 0 LSB) align16(x) X & 0xFF.FE X X[n..m] X n m align32(x) X & 0xFF.FE.FF.FC X C STATUS C (carry) CTLk K 2047 Altera Corporation 27

40 (1 / 2) RR op6 B A Ri5 op6 IMM5 A Ri4 op6 0 IMM4 A RPi5 op4 P B A Ri6 op5 IMM6 A Ri8 op3 IMM8 A i9 op6 IMM9 0 i10 op6 IMM10 i11 op5 IMM11 Ri1u op6 op3u IMM1u 0 A Ri2u op6 op3u IMM2u A 28 Altera Corporation

41 (2 / 2) i8v op6 op2v IMM8v 1 i6v op6 op2v 0 0 IMM8v Rw op6 op5w A i4w op6 op5w 0 IMM4w w op6 op5w Altera Corporation 29

42 (1 / 3) ADD RR RA RA + RB : NVCZ ADDI Ri5 RA RA + (0x00.00 : K: IMM5) : NVCZ SUB RR RA RA RB : NVCZ SUBI Ri5 RA RA (0x00.00 : K: IMM5) : NVCZ CMP RR RA RB : NVCZ CMPI Ri5 RA (0x00.00 : K: IMM5) : NVCZ LSL RR RA (RA << RB [4..0]), LSLI Ri5 RA (RA << IMM5), LSR RR RA (RA >> RB [4..0]), LSRI Ri5 RA (R >> IMM5), ASR RR RA (RA >> RB [4..0]), RA[31] ASRI Ri5 RA (RA >> IMM5), RA[31] MOV RR RA RB MOVI Ri5 RA (0x00.00 : K: IMM5) AND RR Ri ANDN RR Ri OR RR Ri XOR RR Ri BGEN Ri5 RA 2 IMM5 RA RA & {RB, (0x00.00 : K: IMM5)} : NZ RA RA & ~({RB, (0x00.00 : K: IMM5)}) : NZ RA RA {RB, (0x00.00 : K: IMM5)} : NZ RA RA {RB, (0x00.00 : K: IMM5)} : NZ EXT8d RR RA (0x : bn RA) n = RB[1..0] SKP0 Ri5 (RA [IMM5] == 0) SKP1 Ri5 (RA [IMM5] == 1) 30 Altera Corporation

43 (2 / 3) LD RR RA Mem32 [align32( RB + (σ(k) x 4))] ST RR Mem32 [align32( RB + (σ(k) x 4))] RA STS8s i10 bn Mem32 [align32(%sp + IMM10)] bn %r0 n = IMM10[1..0] STS16s i9 hn Mem32 [align32( %sp + IMM9 x 2)] hn %r0 n = IMM9[0] EXT16d RR RA (0x00.00 : hn RA) n = RB[1] MOVHI Ri5 h1 RA (K : IMM5) h0 RA EXT8s Ri2u RA (0x : bn RA) n = IMM2u EXT16s Rilu RA (0x00.00 : hn RA) n = IMM1u ST8s Ri2u bn Mem32 [align32(ra + (σ(k) x 4))] bn %r0 n = IMM2u ST16s Rilu hn Mem32 [align32(ra + (σ(k) x 4))] hn %r0 n = IMM1u SAVE i8v CWP CWP 1; %sp %fp (IMM8v x 4) (old-cwp == LO_LIMIT) {TRAP #1} TRAP i6v ISTATUS STATUS; IE 0; CWP CWP 1; IPRI IMM6v; %r15 ((PC + 2) >> 1) ; PC Mem32 [VECBASE + (IMM6v x 4)] x NOT Rw RA ~RA NEG Rw RA 0 RA ABS Rw RA RA SEXT8 Rw RA σ( b0 RA) SEXT16 Rw RA σ( h0 RA) RLC Rw C msb (RA); RA (RA << 1) : C : C RRC Rw C RA[0]; RA C : (RA >> 1) : C SWAP Rw RA h0 RA : h1 RA Altera Corporation 31

44 (3 / 3) RESTORE w CWP CWP + 1(old-CWP == HI_LIMIT) {TRAP #2} TRET Rw PC (RA x 2); STATUS ISTATUS ST8d Rw bn Mem32 [align32(ra + (σ(k) x 4))] bn %r0 n = RA[1..0] ST16d Rw hn Mem32 [align32(ra + (σ(k) x 4))] hn %r0 n = RA[1] FILL8 Rw %r0 ( b0 RA : b0 RA : b0 RA : b 0 RA) FILL16 Rw %r0 ( h0 RA : h0 RA) MSTEP Rw If (%r0[31] == 1) then %r0 (%r0 << 1) + RA else %r0 (%r0 << 1) SKPRz Rw (RA ==0) SKPS i4w IMM4w WRCTL Rw CTLk RA RDCTL Rw RA CTLk SKPRnz Rw (RA! = 0) JMP Rw PC (RA x 2) CALL Rw R15 ((PC + 4) >> 1); PC (RA x 2) BR i11 PC PC + ((s(imm11) + 1) x 2) BSR i11 PC PC + ((s(imm11) + 1) x 2); %r15 ((PC + 4) >> 1) BSR i11 PC PC + ((s(imm11) + 1) x 2); %r15 ((PC + 4) >> 1) PFX i11 K IMM11 ( K ) 1010 STP RPi5 Mem32[align32(RP + (σ(k : IMM5) x 4))] RA 1011 LDP RPi5 RA Mem32 [align32(rp + (σ(k : IMM5) x 4))] 110 STS Ri8 Mem32[align32(%sp + (IMM8 x 4) )] RA 111 LDS Ri8 RA Mem32 [align32(%sp + (IMM8 x 4))] 32 Altera Corporation

45 nios-elf-gcc (GNU ) nios-elf-as (GNU ) GNU / : LRET JMP %o7 LRET RET JMP %i7 RET NOP MOV %g0%g0 NOP IF0 %raimm5 SKP1 %raimm5 IF1 %raimm5 SKP0 %raimm5 IFRz %ra SKPRnz %ra IFRnz %ra SKPRnz %ra IFS cc_c SKPS cc_nc IFS cc_nc SKPS cc_c IFS cc_z SKPS cc_nz IFS cc_nz SKPS cc_z IFS cc_mi SKPS cc_pl IFS cc_pl SKPS cc_mi IFS cc_ge SKPS cc_lt IFS cc_lt SKPS cc_ge IFS cc_le SKPS cc_gt IFS cc_gt SKPS cc_le IFS cc_v SKPS cc_nv IFS cc_nv SKPS cc_v IFS cc_ls SKPS cc_hi IFS cc_hi SKPS cc_ls nios-elf-as %lo(x) x 5 x & 0x f %hi(x) x (x >> 5) & 0x000007ff %xlo(x) x (x >> 1 (x >> 16) & 0x f %xhi(x) x (x >> 21) & 0x000007ff x@h x x >> 1 Altera Corporation 33

46 Notes: 34 Altera Corporation

47 32 Nios CPU 2 1 Altera Corporation 35

48 ABS : RA RA : ABS %ra : ABS %r6 : RA RA : : : : Rw A = RA A 36 Altera Corporation

49 ADD : : RA RA + RB ADD %ra,%rb : ADD %L3,%g0 ; ADD %g0 to %L3 : A B A : : 2 : : N: 31 V: Z: C: RR A = RA B = RB B A Altera Corporation 37

50 ADDI : RA RA + (0x00.00 : K : IMM5) : ADDI %ra,imm5 : PFX : ADDI %L5,6 ; add 6 to %L5 PFX : PFX %hi(1000) ADDI %g3,%lo(1000) ; ADD 1000 to %g3 : PFX : A 5 A IMM5 [0..31] PFX : K (11 ) IMM5 (5 ) (K : IMM5) 32 A : : : : N: 31 V: Z: C: Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A 38 Altera Corporation

51 AND AND : PFX : RA RA&RB PFX : RA RA & (0x00.00 : K : IMM5) : PFX : AND %ra,%rb PFX : PFX %hi(const) AND %ra,%lo(const) : PFX : AND %g0,%g1 ; %g0 gets %g1 & %g0 PFX : PFX %hi(16383) AND %g0,%lo(16383) ; AND %g0 with : PFX : RA RB RA PFX : K (11 ) IMM5 (5 ) RB 16 (32 ) RA RA : : N: 31 Z: : : RRRi5 A = RA B = RB IMM5 = 5 PFX (RR) : B A PFX (Ri5) : IMM5 A Altera Corporation 39

52 ANDN AND NOT : PFX : RA RA&~RB PFX : RA RA & ~(0x00.00 : K : IMM5) : PFX : ANDN %ra,%rb PFX : PFX %hi(const) ANDN %ra,%lo(const) : PFX : ANDN %g0,%g1 ; %g0 gets %g0 & ~%g1 PFX : PFX %hi(16384) ANDN %g0,%lo(16384) ; clear bit 14 of %g0 : PFX : RA RB RA PFX : K (11 ) IMM5 (5 ) RB RA RA : : - - : : N: 31 Z: RRRi5 A = RA B = RB IMM5 = 5 PFX (RR) : B A PFX (Ri5) : IMM5 A 40 Altera Corporation

53 ASR : : : : RA (RA >> RB[4..0]), RA[31] ASR %ra,%rb ASR %L3,%g0 ; %L3 %g0 RA RB RA RB RB[4..0] 31 RA RA 2 : : : : RR A = RA B = RB B A Altera Corporation 41

54 ASRI : RA (RA >> IMM5), RA[31] : ASRI %ra,imm5 : ASRI %i5,6 ; %i5 6 : RA IMM5 IMM5 31 RA RA : : : : Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A 42 Altera Corporation

55 BGEN : : : : : : : RA 2 IMM5 BGEN %ra,imm5 BGEN %g7,6 ; %g7 64 IMM5 RA 2 RA : Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A Altera Corporation 43

56 BR : PC PC + ((σ(imm11) + 1) << 1) : BR addr : : : BR MainLoop NOP ; ( ) IMM11 BR ( ) : : : : BR (BR ) BR (26 ) i11 IMM11 = IMM11 44 Altera Corporation

57 BSR : %o7 ((PC + 4) >> 1) PC PC + ((σ(imm11) + 1) << 1) : BSR addr : : : BSR SendCharacter NOP ; ( ) IMM11 BR ( ) BSR + 4 BSR 2 1 %o7 %o7 JMP : : : : BSR (BSR ) BSR (26 ) i11 IMM11 = IMM11 Altera Corporation 45

58 CALL : %o7 ((PC + 4) >> 1) PC (RA << 1) : CALL %ra : CALL %g0 NOP ; ( ) : : RA 1 PC RA 1 CALL 2 1 %o7 %o7 JMP : : : : CALL (CALL ) CALL (26 ) Rw A = RA A 46 Altera Corporation

59 CMP : : : : RA RB CMP %ra,%rb : : : : CMP %g0,%g1 ; %g0 - %g1 RA RB RA RB N: 31 V: Z: C: RR A = RA B = RB B A Altera Corporation 47

60 CMPI : RA (0x00.00 : K : IMM5) : CMPI & %ra,imm5 : PFX : CMPI %i3,24 ; %i3 24 PFX : PFX %hi(1000) CMPI %i4,%lo(1000) : PFX : RA IMM5 5 RA PFX : K (11 ) IMM5 (5 ) (K : IMM5) 32 RA RA : : : : N: 31 V: Z: C: Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A 48 Altera Corporation

61 EXT16D ( ) : : : : RA (0x00.00 : hn RA) n = RB[1] EXT16d %ra,%rb LD %i3,[%i4] ; get 32 bits from [%i4 & 0xFF.FF.FF.FC] EXT16d %i3,%i4 ; %i4 short int RA 2 RB 1 RA : : : : RR A = RA B = RB B A Altera Corporation 49

62 EXT16S ( ) : : : : RA (0x00.00 : hn RA) n=imm1 EXT16s %ra,imm1 EXT16s %L3,1 ; %L3 short int RA 2 1 IMM1 RA : : : : Rilu A = RA IMM1 = IMM1 0 A 50 Altera Corporation

63 EXT8D ( ) : : : : RA (0x : bn RA) n = RB[1..0] EXT8d %ra,%rb LD %g4,[%i0] ; [%i0 & 0xFF.FF.FF.FC] 32 EXT8d %g4,%i0 ; %i0 RA 4 RB 1..0 ( 3 RA ) RA : : : : RR A = RA B = RB B A Altera Corporation 51

64 EXT8S ( ) : : : : RA (0x : bn RA) n = IMM2 EXT8s %ra,imm2 EXT8s %g6,3 ; %g6 3 RA 4 IMM2 ( 3 RA ) RA : : : : Ri2u A = RA IMM2 = IMM2 A 52 Altera Corporation

65 FILL16 : : : : R0 h0 RA : h0 RA) FILL16 %r0,%ra FILL16 %r0,%i3 ; %r0 %i3[0..15] 2 ; %r0 RA %r0 %r0 FILL 2 : : : : Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 53

66 FILL8 : : : : R0 b0 RA : b0 RA : b0 RA : b0 RA) FILL8 %r0,%ra FILL8 %r0,%o3 ; %r0 %o3[0..7] 4 ; %r0 RA %r0 4 %r0 FILL : : : : Rw A = RA A 54 Altera Corporation

67 JMP : PC (RA << 1) : JMP %ra : : : : : : JMP %o7 ; NOP ; ( ) (RA << 1) RA : JMP (JMP ) JMP Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 55

68 LD 32 : : : : : : : PFX : RA Mem32[align32(RB)] PFX : RA Mem32[align32(RB + σ(k) x 4))] LD %ra,[%rb] PFX : LD %g0,[%i3] ; [%i3] %g0 PFX : PFX 7 ; LD %g0,[%i3] ; [%i3+28] %g0 PFX : RA 32 RB (RB 2 LSB ) PFX : K RB ( 1..0 ) : RR A = RA B = RB B A 56 Altera Corporation

69 LDP 32 ( ) : : : : : : : PFX : RA Mem32[align32(RP + (IMM5 x 4))] PFX : RA Mem32[align32(RP + (σ(k : IMM5) x 4))] LDP [%rp,imm5],%ra PFX : LDP %o3,[%l2,3] ; [%L2 + 12] %o3 ; 2 %L0%L1 ;%L2%L3 PFX : PFX %hi(100) LDP %o3,[%l2,%lo(100)] ; [%L ] %o3 PFX : RA 32 RP (RP 2 LSB ) IMM5 5 LD %L0%L1%L2%L3 PFX : K IMM5 (5 ) 16 (K : IMM5) 32 4 RP : RPi5 A = RA IMM5 = 5 P = P IMM5 A Altera Corporation 57

70 LDS 32 ( ) : RA Mem32[align32(%sp + (IMM8 x 4))] : : : : LDS %ra,[%sp,imm8] LDS %o1,[%sp,3] ; +12 %o1 ; 2 %sp RA 32 %sp (%sp 2 LSB ) IMM8 8 %o6 ( %sp) LDS %sp 1K : : : Ri8 A = RA IMM8 = IMM8 A 58 Altera Corporation

71 LSL : : : : RA (RA << RB[4..0]), LSL %ra,%rb LSL %L3,%g0 ; %g0 %L3 RA RB [4..0] (RB ) 2 : : : : RR A = RA B = RB B A Altera Corporation 59

72 LSLI : : : : RA (RA << IMM5), LSLI %ra,imm5 LSLI %i1,6 ; 6 %i1 RA IMM5 : : : : Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A 60 Altera Corporation

73 LSR : : : : RA (RA >> RB[4..0]), LSR %ra,%rb LSR %L3,%g0 ; %g0 %L3 RA RB [4..0] ( RB [31..5] ) 2 : : : : RR A = RA B = RB B A Altera Corporation 61

74 LSRI : : : : RA (RA >> IMM5), LSRI %ra,imm5 LSRI %g1,6 ; 6 %g1 RA IMM5 : : : : Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A 62 Altera Corporation

75 MOV : : : : : RA RB MOV %ra,%rb MOV %o0,%l3 ; %o0 %L3 RB RA : : : RR A = RA B = RB B A Altera Corporation 63

76 MOVHI : : : : : : : h1 RA (K : IMM5), h0 RA MOVHI %ra,imm5 PFX : MOVHI %g3,23 ; %g PFX : PFX %hi(100) MOVHI %g3,%lo(100) ; %g PFX : RA ( ) IMM5 ( 15..0) PFX : K (11 ) IMM5 (5 ) (K : IMM5) RA ( ) ( 15..0) : Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A 64 Altera Corporation

77 MOVI : : RA (0x00.00 : K : IMM5) MOVI %ra,imm5 : PFX : MOVI %o3,7 ; 7 %o3 PFX : PFX %hi(301) MOVI %o3,%lo(301) ; 301 %o3 : PFX : IMM5 5 ( [0..31]) RA PFX : (K : IMM5) 16 ( [ ]) RA : : : : Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A Altera Corporation 65

78 MSTEP : If (%r0[31] = = 1) then %r0 (%r0 << 1) + RA else %r0 (%r0 << 1) : MSTEP %ra : : : MSTEP %g1 ; 1 %r0 RA %r0 RA 16 x %r0 %r1 %r0 SWAP %r0 ; MSTEP %r1 MSTEP %r1 MSTEP %r1 16 MSTEP MSTEP %r1 ;%r0 32 : : : Rw A = RA A 66 Altera Corporation

79 MULL : : R0 < -- (R0 & 0x0000.ffff) x (RA & 0x0000.ffff) MUL %ra : MUL %i5 : %r0 %ra %r : : : : Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 67

80 NEG : RA 0 RA : NEG %ra : NEG %o4 : RA RA 2 : : : : Rw A = RA A 68 Altera Corporation

81 NOT : RA ~RA : NOT %ra : NOT %o4 : RA : : : : Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 69

82 OR OR : PFX : RA RA RB PFX : RA RA (0x00.00 : K : IMM5) : PFX : OR %ra,%rb PFX : PFX %hi(const) OR %ra,%lo(const) : PFX : OR %i0,%i1 ; OR %i1 into %i0 PFX : PFX %hi(3333) OR %i0,%lo(3333) ; OR %i0 with 3333 : PFX : RA RB RA PFX : K (11 ) IMM5 (5 ) RB RA RA : : - - : : N: 31 Z: RRRi5 A = RA B = RB IMM5 = 5 PFX (RR) : B A PFX (Ri5) : IMM5 A 70 Altera Corporation

83 PFX : K IMM11 (K ) : PFX IMM11 : : : : : PFX 3 ; K 11 IMM11 K PFX K 2 PFX : i11 IMM11 = IMM11 Altera Corporation 71

84 RDCTL : : : : : : : RA CTLk RDCTL %ra PFX : RDCTL %g7 ; STATUS (%ctl0) %g7 PFX : PFX 2 RDCTL %g7 ; WVALID (%ctl2) %g7 PFX : STATUS (%ctl0) RA PFX : K RA 5 : Rw A = RA A 72 Altera Corporation

85 RESTORE : CWP CWP + 1 (old-cwp == HI_LIMIT) TRAP #2 : RESTORE : : : RESTORE ; CWP 1 RESTORE CWP HI_LIMIT (WVALID ) (TRAP #2) : : : w Altera Corporation 73

86 RLC : : : : C RA[31] RA (RA << 1) : C RLC %ra RLC %i4 ; %i4 1 RA 1 : : : : C: RA 31 Rw A = RA A 74 Altera Corporation

87 RRC : : : : C RA[0] RA C:(RA>>1) RRC %ra RRC %i4 ; %i4 1 RA 1 2 PFX : : : : : C: RA 0 Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 75

88 SAVE : CWP CWP 1 %sp %fp (IMM8 x 4) (old-cwp == LO_LIMIT) TRAP #1 : SAVE %sp,-imm8 : : : SAVE %sp,-23 ; ; %sp CWP 1 SAVE CWP LO_LIMIT (WVALID ) (TRAP #1) ( ) %sp %fp IMM8 4 %fp ( ) %sp SAVE : : : i8v IMM8 = IMM8 76 Altera Corporation

89 SEXT16 16 : : : : : RA σ( h0 RA) SEXT16 %ra SEXT16 %g3 ; short long RA RA 15 : : : Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 77

90 SEXT8 8 : : : : : : : RA σ( b0 RA) SEXT8 %ra SEXT8 %o3 ; long RA RA 7 : Rw A = RA A 78 Altera Corporation

91 SKP0 0 : if (RA[IMM5] == 0) then begin if (Mem16[PC + 2] is PFX) then PC PC + 6 else PC PC + 4 end : SKP0 %ra,imm5 : : : SKP0 %o3, 7 ; %o3 7 0 ADDI %g0, 1 ; 7 1 RA[IMM5] 0 PFX PFX : : : Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A Altera Corporation 79

92 SKP1 1 : if (RA[IMM5] == 1) then begin if (Mem16[PC + 2] is PFX) then PC PC + 6 else PC PC + 4 end : SKP1 %ra,imm5 : : : SKP1 %o3,21 ; %o ADDI %g0, 1 ; 0 RA[IMM5] 1 PFX PFX : : : Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A 80 Altera Corporation

93 SKPRNZ 0 : if (RA! = 0) then begin if (Mem16[PC + 2] is PFX) then PC PC + 6 else PC PC + 4 end : SKPRnz %ra : SKPRnz %g3 BSR SendIt ; %g3 0 NOP ; ( ) : : RA PFX PFX : : : Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 81

94 SKPRZ 0 : if (RA = = 0) then begin if (Mem16[PC + 2] is PFX) then PC PC + 6 else PC PC + 4 end : SKPRz %ra : SKPRz %o3 BSR SendIt ; %o3 0 NOP ; ( ) : : RA PFX PFX : : : Rw A = RA A 82 Altera Corporation

95 SKPS : : : : if (condition IMM4 is true) then begin if (Mem16[PC + 2] is PFX) then PC PC + 6 else PC PC + 4 end SKPS cc_imm4 SKPS cc_ne BSR SendIt ; Z NOP ; ( ) PFX PFX : : cc_c 0x0 (C) cc_nc 0x1 (not C) cc_z 0x2 (Z) cc_nz 0x3 (not Z) cc_mi 0x4 (N) cc_pl 0x5 (not N) cc_ge 0x6 (not (N xor V)) cc_lt 0x7 (N xor V) cc_le 0x8 (Z or (N xor V)) cc_gt 0x9 (Not (Z or (N xorv))) cc_v 0xa (V) cc_nv 0xb (not V) cc_la 0xc (C or Z) cc_hi 0xd (not (C or Z)) : : : cc_cs = cc_c cc_eq = cc_z cc_n = cc_mi cc_vs = cc_v cc_cc = cc_nc cc_ne = cc_nz cc_vc = cc_nv cc_p = cc_pl if skps cc_eq if equal i4w IMM4 = IMM4 Altera Corporation 83

96 ST 32 : : : : : : : PFX : Mem32[align32(RB)] RA PFX : Mem32[align32(RB + (σ(k) x 4))] RA ST [%rb],%ra PFX : ST [%g0],%i3 ; %g0 %i3 PFX : PFX 3 ; ST [%g0],%i3 ; %g PFX : RA 32 RB (RB 2 LSB ) PFX : K RB ( 1..0 ) : RR A = RA B = RB B A 84 Altera Corporation

97 ST16D 16 ( ) : : : : : : : PFX : hn Mem32[align32(RA)] hn %r0 n = RA[1] PFX : hn Mem32[align32(RA + (σ(k) x 4))] hn %r0 n = RA[1] ST16d [%ra],%r0 PFX : FILL16 %r0,%g7 ; %r0 %g7 short ST16d [%o3],%r0 ; %r0 %o3[1] short int [%o3] ; 2 %r0 PFX : FILL16 %r0,%g3 PFX 5 ST16d [%o3],%r0 ; 20 PFX : RA %r0 2 RA[1] %r0 ( 1 )RA[0] ST16d FILL16 2 %rx RA FILL16 %r0,%rx ST16d [%ra],%r0 PFX : K RA : Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 85

98 ST16S 16 ( ) : : : : : : : PFX : hn Mem32[align32(RA)] hn %r0 n =IMM1 PFX : hn Mem32[align32(RA + (σ(k) x 4))] hn %r0 n =IMM1 ST16s [%ra],%r0,imm1 ST16s [%g8],%r0,1 PFX : %r0 2 (RA[31..2] + IMM1 x 2) 2 RA[1..0] IMM2 %r0 ( #1 ) ST16s FILL16 %rx (RA + Y x 2) (RA ) FILL16 %r0,%rx PFX Y>>2 ST16s [%ra],%r0,(y >>1)&1 PFX : K IMM1 12 (K : IMM1) (2 ) 32 ST : Rilu A = RA IMM1 = IMM1 0 A 86 Altera Corporation

99 ST8D 8 ( ) : : : :7 : : : PFX : bn Mem32[align32(RA)] bn %r0 n = RA[1..0] PFX : bn Mem32[align32(RA + σ(k) x 4)]] bn %r0 n = RA[1..0] ST8d [%ra],%r0 PFX : FILL8 %r0,%g7 ; %r0 %g7 ST8d [%o3],%r0 ; %r0 %o3[1..0] ;[%o3] ; 2 %r0 PFX : FILL8 %r0,%g3 PFX 5 ST8d [%o3],%r0 ; 20 PFX : %r0 4 RA 2 RA[1..0] %r0 ( 3 ) ST8d FILL8 2 %rx 7..0 RA FILL8 %r0,%rx ST8d [%ra],%r0 PFX : K RA : Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 87

100 ST8S 8 ( ) : : : : : : : PFX : bn Mem32[align32(RA)] bn %r0 n = IMM2 PFX : bnmem32[align32(ra + (σ(k) x 4))] n = IMM2 ST8s [%ra],%r0,imm2 PFX : MOVI %g4,12 ST8s [%g4],%r0,3 ; %r0 mem[15] PFX : PFX 9 ST8s [%g4],%r0,2 ; %r0 2 ; mem[%g ] PFX : %r0 4 (RA[31..2] + IMM2) 2 RA[1..0] IMM2 %r0 ( 3 ) ST8s FILL8 %rx 7..0 (RA + Y ) (RA ) FILL8 %r0,%rx PFX Y>>2 ST8s [%ra],%r0,y &3 PFX : 13 K IMM2 (K : IMM2) 32 ST : Ri2u A = RA IMM2 = IMM2 A 88 Altera Corporation

101 STP 32 ( ) : : : : : : : PFX : Mem32[align32(RP + (IMM5 x 4))] PFX : Mem32[align32(RP + (σ(k : IMM5) x 4))] STP [%rp,imm5],%ra PFX : STP [%L2,3],%g3 ; %g3 [%L2 + 12] PFX : PFX %hi(102) STP [%L2,%lo(102)],%g3 ; %g3 ;[%L ] PFX : RA 32 RP [31..2] (RP 2 LSB ) IMM5 5 ST %L0%L1%L2%L3 PFX : K IMM5 (5 ) 16 (K : IMM5) 32 4 RP : RPi5 A = RA IMM5 = 5 P = P IMM5 A Altera Corporation 89

102 STS 32 ( ) : : : : : : : Mem32[align32(%sp + (IMM8 x 4))] RA STS [%sp,imm8],%ra STS [%sp,17],%i5 ; %i ; 1 %sp RA 32 %sp (%sp 2 LSB ) IMM8 8 %o6 ( %sp) STS %sp 1K : Ri8 A = RA IMM8 = IMM8 A 90 Altera Corporation

103 STS16S 16 ( ) : : : : : : : hn Mem32[align32(%sp + IMM9 x 2)] hn %r0 n = IMM9[0] STS16s [%sp,imm9],%r0 STS16s [%sp,7],%r0 ; %sp %r0 %r0 2 (%sp + IMM9x2) IMM9 %r0 ( 1 ) STS16s FILL16 1K 16 %rx %sp Y (%sp ) FILL16 %r0,%rx STS16s [%sp,y],%r0 : i IMM9 = IMM9 0 Altera Corporation 91

104 STS8S 8 ( ) : : : : : : : bn Mem32[align32(%sp + IMM10)] bn %r0 n = IMM10[1..0] STS8s [%sp,imm10],%r0 STS8s [%sp,13],%r0 ; %sp %r0 %r0 4 (%sp + IMM10) IMM10 2 %r0 ( 3 ) STS8s FILL8 1K %rx 7..0 %sp Y (%sp ) FILL8 %r0,%rx STS8s [%sp,y],%r0 : i10 IMM10 = IMM10 92 Altera Corporation

105 SUB : : RA RA RB SUB %ra,%rb : SUB %i3,%g0 ; %i3 %g0 : RB RA RA : : 2 : : N: 31 V: Z: C: RR A = RA B = RB B A Altera Corporation 93

106 SUBI : RA RA (0x00.00 : K : IMM5) : subi %rb,imm5 : PFX : SUBI %L5,6 ; %L5 6 PFX : PFX %hi(1000) SUBI %o3,%lo(1000) ; %o : PFX : RA [0..31] PFX : K (11 ) IMM5 (5 ) (K : IMM5) 32 A : : : : N: 31 V: Z: C: Ri5 A = RA IMM5 = IMM5 A 94 Altera Corporation

107 SWAP : : : : : : : RA h0 RA : h1 RA SWAP %ra SWAP %g3 ; %g3 2 RA 2 16 ( ) RA : Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 95

108 TRAP : : : : : : : : ISTATUS STATUS IE 0 CWP CWP 1 IPRI IMM6 %o7 ((PC + 2) >> 1) PC Mem32[VECBASE + (IMM6 x 4)] << 1 TRAP IMM6 TRAP 0 ; CWP 1 (IE 0) STATUS ISTATUS IMM6 VECBASE (VECBASE ) 32 (VECBASE + IMM6 x 4) 2 PC TRAP %o7 %o7 TRET TRAP BSR/CALL TRAP STATUS IE 0 TRAP : TRAP TRAP TRET TRAP i6v IMM6 = IMM6 96 Altera Corporation

109 TRET : PC (RA << 1) STATUS ISTATUS : TRET %ra : : : TRET %o7 ; (RA << 1) TRAP %o7 ISTATUS STATUS (CWP STATUS ) : : : Rw A = RA A Altera Corporation 97

110 WRCTL : : : : : : : CTLk RA WRCTL %ra PFX : WRCTL %g7 ; STATUS %g7 NOP ; PFX : PFX 1 WRCTL %g7 ; ISTATUS %g7 PFX : RA STATUS STATUS WRCTL NOP PFX : K RA WRCTL STATUS RA [3..0] WRCTL WRCTL Rw A = RA A 98 Altera Corporation

111 XOR : PFX : RA RA ΡΒ PFX : RA RA (0x00.00:K:IMM5) : PFX : XOR %ra,%rb PFX : PFX %hi(const) XOR %ra,%lo(const) : PFX : XOR %g0,%g1 ; %g1 %g0 XOR PFX : PFX %hi(16383) XOR %o0,%lo(16383) ; %o XOR : PFX : RA RB RA PFX : K (11 ) IMM5 (5 ) RB RA RA : : : : N: 31 Z: RRRi5 A = RA B = RB IMM5 = 5 PFX (RR) B A PFX (Ri5) IMM5 A Altera Corporation 99

112 Notes: 100 Altera Corporation

113 Numerics ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 89 5/ ( ) 87 8 ( ) 92 8 ( ) 88 A ABS 36 ADD 37 ADDI 38 AND 39 ANDN 40 ASR 41 ASRI 42 B BGEN 43 BR 44 BSR 45 C CALL 46 CLR_IE(%ctl8) 8 CMP 47 CMPI 48 CWP 26 E EXT16D 49 EXT16S 50 EXT8D 51 EXT8S 52 F FILL16 53 FILL8 54 G GNU / 34 I ISTATUS (%ctl1) 7 J JMP 55 K K 5 L LD 56 LDP 57 LDS 58 LSL 59 LSLI 60 LSR 61 LSRI 62 M MOV 63 MOVHI 64 MOVI 65 MSTEP 66 MULL 67 3 Altera Corporation 101

114 N NEG 68 Nios CPU 1 Nios CPU 25 NOT 69 O OR 70 P PFX 71 R RDCTL 72 RESTORE 73 RLC 74 RRC 75 S SAVE 76 SET_IE (%ctl9) 8 SEXT16 77 SEXT8 78 SKP0 79 SKP1 80 SKPRnz 81 SKPRz 82 SKPS 83 ST 84 ST16d 85 ST16s 86 ST8d 87 ST8s 88 STP 89 STS 90 STS16s 91 STS8s 92 SUB 93 SUBI 94 SWAP 95 T TRAP 96 TRET 97 W WRCTL 98 WVALID (%ctl2) 7 X XOR (IE) 6 (IPRI) 6 19 (CWP) : ISTATUS (TRAP ) Altera Corporation

115 17 19 ( ) 50 ( ) ( ) 52 ( ) OR 70 AND 39 AND NOT ( ) 9 ( ) ( ) ( ) Altera Corporation 103

116 Notes: 104 Altera Corporation

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