Microsoft PowerPoint - L9-L1-02.pptx

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1 17/0/2015 Short Form - Past Usage In casual (informal) speech, as signs of intimacy (e.g., conversation with close friends or family) In represented, or quoted, speech ( I think, She said. ) How To Create Short Form of Verbs (Past Tense) 1. Affirmative Step 1: Change to て-form. e.g., 行く行ってあそぶあそんで Step 2: Change: てた & でだ e.g., 行って行ったあそんであそんだ Notes: Vている is a るverb. e.g., すんでいるすんでいてすんでいた Be careful with the following う-verbs かえはい帰る入る (to enter) しる (to know) きる (to cut) いる (to need) 4 2

s of intimacy (e.g., conversation with close friends or family) In represented, or quoted, speech ( I think, She said.

2 17/0/2015 Short Form of Verbs (Past Tense) continues 2. Negative All verb groups conjugates in the same way. Step 1: Change to the negative, present short form. e.g., 行く行かないかうかわないあるない Step 2: Change ない to なかった e.g., 行かない行かなかったかわないかわなかったないなかった 5 Short Forms: Adjectives and Noun+です (Past Tense) 1. Affirmative い-adjectives Step 1: Change to the past, affirmative, long form. おお e.g., 大きい大きかったですいいよいよかったです Step 2: Remove です e.g., 大きかったです大きかったよかったですよかった 8

Affirmative い-adjectives Step 1: Change to the past, affirmative, long form. おお e.g., 大きい大きかったですいいよいよかったです Step 2: Remove です e.

3 17/0/2015 Short Forms: Adjectives and Noun+です (Past Tense) continues 1. Affirmative continues な-adjectives and Noun+です Change でした in the past, long forms to だった元気でした元気だった元気なだった学生でした学生だった 9 Short Forms of Adj. & Noun+です (past) continues 2. Negative All of them follow the same rule. Step 1: Change to the past, negative, long form. e.g., 大きい大きくなかったですいいよいよくなかったです元気元気じゃ(では)なかったです学生です学生じゃ(では)なかったです Step 2: Remove です e.g., 大きくなかったです大きくなかったよくなかったですよくなかった元気じゃなかったです元気じゃなかった学生じゃなかったです学生じゃなかった 10 5

Short Forms of Adj. & Noun+です (past) continues 2. Negative All of them follow the same rule.

4 19/0/2015 Quote Thoughts or What Someone Said about the Past Event You think: スーさんはきのうデートをしました Past long form おも ( 私は)スーさんはきのうデートをしたと思います Past short form Time Reference = Past Time Reference = Past せんげつ Sue said: 先月しけんがありませんでした Past long form いスーさんは先月しけんがなかったと言っていました Past short form Quote Thoughts or What Someone Said about the Past Event continues Important! Remember not to remove help words like ~ている when using these structures. たなかことき田中さんは子どもの時まんがの本をたくさんもっていたと言っていました Short form of もっていましたもった (carried) 先生は大学の時けっこんしていなかったと思います Short form of けっこんしていませんでした (was not married) けっこんしなかった (did not get married) 4 2

Someone Said about the Past Event continues Important! Remember not to remove help words like ~ている when using these structures.

5 19/0/2015 Qualifying A Noun 1. The Term Qualifying It means to add description about the noun, either expressed in a word or phrase, directly to it. More commonly known as modifying a noun in grammar. e.g., There is a Japanese newspaper over there. Adjective Noun 6 Qualifying A Noun continues 2. Words that Can Be "qualifiers" for Nouns い Adjectives: おもしろい人 a person who is funny な adjectives: しずかな人 a person who is quiet い Adjective phrases: かみがながい人 a person who has long hair な adjective phrases: ねこがすきな人 a person who likes cats Verb phrases: Tシャツをきている人 a person who is in T-shirt 7

Words that Can Be "qualifiers" for Nouns い Adjectives: おもしろい人 a person who is funny な adjectives: しずかな人 a person who is quiet い Adjective

6 19/0/2015 Qualifying A Noun continues You can also create qualifying structure using negatives. おもしろくない人しずかじゃない人かみがながくない人ねこがすきじゃない人 Tシャツをきていない人 In this lesson, we practice mainly how to identify a person using: a) what s/he is doing e.g., 本を読んでいる人 [the person who is reading a book] b) her/his clothing e.g., めがねをかけている人 [the person who is wearing glasses] 8 Qualifying A Noun continues いまはなロバートさんは今メアリーさんと話していますロバートさんは今メアリーさんと話している人です Robert is the person who is speaking with Mary right now. たなか田中さんはめがねをかけています田中さんはめがねをかけている人です Mr. Tanaka is the person who is wearing glasses. 9 4

7 19/0/2015 Qualifying A Noun continues Notes: 1. Unlike English equivalent, Japanese qualifiers come before the noun that it is qualifying, not after. 2. Japanese qualifiers do not need the words to mark qualifying parts such as who, that, which, etc. 田中さんはめがねをかけているの人です 10 Qualifying A Noun Review In this lesson, we practice mainly how to identify a person using: a) what s/he is doing e.g., 本を読んでいる人 [the person who is reading a book] b) her/his clothing e.g., めがねをかけている人 [the person who is wearing glasses] 5

Japanese qualifiers do not need the words to mark qualifying parts such as who, that, which, etc.

8 24/0/2015 もう~ました and まだ~ていません Two ways to describe past events in English a. Sue lost her key. = simple past tense = not connected with the present Telling the fact that Sue lost the key without implying whether she is still with or without her key. b. Sue has lost her key. = perfect tense = connected with the present Sue lost the key, and she is still without her key. 5 もう~ました & まだ~ていません continues 日本語 Type a simple past sentence Type b (connected to the present) Affirmative: もう + the past tense forms [あしたかんじのしけんがあります ] 私はもうだい九かのかんじをおぼえました I have already remembered L9 Kanji. Negative: まだ + ~ていません [あしたかんじのしけんがあります ] 私はまだだい九かのかんじをおぼえていません I have not remembered L9 Kanji yet. 6

Sue has lost her key. = perfect tense = connected with the present Sue lost the key, and she is still without her key.

9 24/0/2015 もう~ました and まだ~ていません continues Notes The negative answers to Yes-No questions with もう~ました = Connected to the Present Always in まだ~ていません e.g., Q:もうだい九かのワークブックをしましたか A: はいもうしました Yes, I have already done. いいえまだしていません No, I have not done it yet. いいえしませんでした No, I did not do it. 7 Expressing a Reason in One Sentence: ~ から ~ から also can be used to introduce the reason as a part of the main sentence. In this use, から can conjugate with both long- and short-forms. e.g., I often go to Mangiare, because pizzas are tasty. ピザがとてもおいしいからよくマンジャーレに行きます [Short form] or ピザがとてもおいしいですからよくマンジャーレに行きます [Long form] 8 4

7 Expressing a Reason in One Sentence: ~ から ~ から also can be used to introduce the reason as a part of the main sentence.

10 24/0/2015 Expressing a Reason 2: ~から ~ continues Important! 1. In Japanese, the part expressing the reason comes before the main part. English: I did not go out because it was cold. Reason でさむかったから出かけませんでした Reason 出かけなかったからさむかったです Reason (It was cold because I did not go out.) 9 Expressing a Reason 2: ~から ~ continues 2. In formal situations, particularly in request, invitation, suggestion, permission sentences More appropriate to use long forms before からじかん e.g., 時間がありますからえいがを見ませんかあるから Would you like to watch a movie? = Invitation きょうやす今日びょういんへ行きますからクラスを休んでもいいですか行くから May I be absent from the class? = Permission 10 5

) 9 Expressing a Reason 2: ~から ~ continues 2.

11 26/0/2015 Counting Small Objects: ~つ (Additional Notes p. 4) Format: o 1 to 10 and how many irregular ひとふたみっよっいつむっ一つ二つ三つ四つ五つ六つななやっここのとお七つ八つ九つ十いくつ o 11 or above simple numbers without つ (either set 1 or 2) 11 じゅういち 14 じゅうよん or じゅうし 4 Counting Small Objects: ~つ continues... How to remember from 1 to 10 * 1~9 and how many end with つ! 1. He is by himself = ひとつ Also it sounds similar to ひとりで (alone). 2. There are two "fools" = ふたつ Also, it sounds similar to ふたり (two people). There are three of "me" (me, myself, & I) = みっつ 4. There are four rappers (holding up four fingers as rappers do and shouting "yo!") = よっつ 5. You "eat" five "sweets" = いつつ 6. There are six cows (who say "mooooo") = むっつ 7. There are seven "bananas" = ななつ 8. There are eight "yachts" = やっつ 9. There are nine "coconuts" = ここのつ 10.I have ten "toes" = とお 2

じゅうし 4 Counting Small Objects: ~つ continues... How to remember from 1 to 10 * 1~9 and how many end with つ! 1. He is by himself = ひとつ Also it sounds similar to ひとりで (alone). 2.

12 26/0/2015 Counting Small Objects: ~つ continues... Comparison with Dates No. Dates ~つ No. Dates ~つ 1 ついたちひとつ 6. むいかむっつ 2. ふつかふたつ 7. なのかななつ. * みっかみっつ 8. ようかやっつ 4. * よっかよっつ 9. * ここのかここのつ 5. * いつかいつつ 10. * とおかとお Also, compare: いくら (how much [money]) vs. いくつ (how many [items]) 5 Ordering at a Food Stand/Store Single Item: ItemをNumberください *~をください=Please give me ~. (Lesson 2) ふた e.g., おべんとうを二つください Please give me two boxed lunches. Multiple Items: Item AをNumberとItem BをNumber くださいひと e.g., おちゃを一つとコーヒーを二つください one green tea two coffee Please give me one green tea and two coffee. cf. おちゃとコーヒーをください Give me tea and coffee. 6

いくつ (how many [items]) 5 Ordering at a Food Stand/Store Single Item: ItemをNumberください *~をください=Please give me ~. (Lesson 2) ふた e.g., おべんとうを二つください Please give me two boxed lunches.

Microsoft Word - j201drills27.doc

Microsoft Word - j201drills27.doc Drill 1: Giving and Receiving (Part 1) [Due date: ] Directions: Describe each picture using the verb of giving and the verb of receiving. E.g.) (1) (2) (3) (4) 1 (5) (6) Drill 2: Giving and Receiving (Part