(William Shakespeare) 48

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1 外界としての森 シェイクスピア喜劇をテクストに 赤津 ちひろ キーワード ① 森 ② 概念化 ③ 魔力 ④ 逃避 ⑤ ファンタジー 1 はじめに これはフランス人画家ルネ マグリット (René Magritte) の 白紙委任 状 (Le Blanc-Seing) である 1 下草の茂みで奥行きを奪われた森の木々のあいだを一人の女性騎手が 散歩している 部分的に幹と木の葉で隠されながら 彼女は三次元を 通り抜ける 馬の大部分が木の前にいるはずであるのに ある部分は 47

2 (William Shakespeare) 48

3 5 49

4 (savage) (silvatics) (culture) (culture)

5 (forest) (foris) 14 51

6 2007 Danby 15 (Titus Andronicus) Tamola Titus Lavinia Lavinia Aaron The forest walks are wide and spacious, And many unfrequented plots there are Fitted by kind for rape and villainy [...] (Tit ) 16 52

7 Danby 17 (As You Like It) (A Midsummer Night s Dream) Duke Senior 53

8 2007 Charles They say [Duke Senior] is already in the Forest of Aden [...]. They say many young gentlemen flock to him every day, and fleet the time carelessly as thay did in the golden wood. (AYLI ) Orlando Orlando Why whither Adam would st thou have me go? Adam No matter whither, so you come not here. (AYLI ) Rosarind Rosalind Why, whither shall we go? Celia To seek my uncle in the Forest of Arden. (AYLI ) Lysander Hermia Lysander And to that place the sharp Athenian law Cannot pursue us. [...] If thou lovest me, then 54

9 Steal forth thy father S house tomorrow night, And in the wood, a league without the town, Where I did meet thee once with Helena, To do observance to a morn of May, There will I stay for thee. (MND ) Duke Frederick Orlando Oliver Oliver Frederick Oliver Orlando 55

10 2007 Oliver But kindness, nobler ever than revenge, And nature stronger than his just occasion, Made him give battle to the lioness [...]. (AYLI ) Oliver Oliver Twas I But tis not I. I do not shame To tell you what I was, since my conversion Sosweetly tastes, being the thing I am. (AYLI ) Duke Senior Frederick Duke Jaques de Boys Jaques de Boys Duke Frederick hearing how that every day Men of great worth resorted to this forest, Address d a mighty power, which were on foot In his own conduct, purposely to take His brother here, and put him to the sword. And to the skirts of this wild wood he came, Where, meeting with an old religious man, After some question with him, was converted Both from his enterprise and from the world, His crown bequeathing to his banish d brother, And all their lands restor d to them again That were with him exil d. (AYLI ) 56

11 Duke Senior Duke Oliver Olando Duke Senior Rosalind Hermia Demetrius Helena Demetrius But, my good lord, I wot not by what power But by some power it is my love to Hermia, Melted as the snow, seems to me now As the remembrance of an idle gaud Which in my shildhood I did dote upon; And all the faith, the virtue of my heart, The object and the pleasure of my eye, Is only Helena. (MND ) Demetrius Hermia Helena Hermia Egeus Egeus I beg the law, the law, upon his head! They would have stol n away, they would, Demetrius, Thereby to have defeated you and me: You of your wife, and me of my consent, Of my consent that she should be your wife. (MND ) Lysander Theseus Egeus 57

12

13 Hippolyta Theseus Tis strange, my Theseus, that those lovers speak of. More strange than true. I never my believe There antique fables, nor these fairy toys. Lovers and madmen have such seething brains, Such shaping fantasies, that apprehend More than cool reason ever comprehends. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet, Are of imagination all compact [...]. (MND ) Theseus Hippolyta More witnesseth than fancy s images, / And grows to something of great constancy. / But howsoever, strange and admirable. (MND ) Lysander Nature shows art (MND ) 59

14

15 61

16 (trompe-l œil)

17 (animism) anima supernatural beings pagan pagani = heathen [heath] (forêt) (Forest) (forestis) Danby (malignant nature) (benignant nature) (Danby, John F. Shakespeare s doctrine of nature: a study of King Lear. London: Faber and Faber, p ) 63

18 Titus Andronicus. Ed. J. C. Maxwell. London & New York: Methuen, 1981 As You Like It. Ed. Agnes Latham. London & New York: Methuen, 1975 A Mid Summer Night s Dream. Ed. Harold F. Brooks. London & New York: Methuen, E. M. Forster C. S. Lewis the supernatural (Forster. Aspects of the Novel. Middlesex; Harmondsworth, p.117) any narrative that deals with impossibles and preternaturals (Lewis. An Experiment in Criticism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, p.50) Tout porte à croire qu il existe un certain point de l esprit d où la vie et la mort, le réel et l imaginaire, le passé et le future, le communicable et l incommunicable, le haut et la bascessent d ètre perçus contradictoirement. (André Breton. Second Manifeste du Surréalisme. Paris: Éditions Kra, 1930.)

19 An Analysis of the Forests in Shakespeare s Comedies AKATSU, Chihiro Since ancient times, forests have been regarded as a mysterious or other world which has magical power that can never be understood. Forests in stories, however, are not an outer world but the representation of an inner world of human. People succeeded in accounting the forest to be an object of contemplation, and reflecting imagery in the forest. Shakespeare, in order to develop stories and characters, takes advantage of the forest representing human imagery and puts a special meaning in it. All the comedies begin with a problem and end with resolution through forests. This structure is very similar to fantasy. The forest as a fantasy world is able to grant people s wish to escape from a sever real world and accepts whatever they desire even if that is impossible to happen. In the process of being human s imagery, the forest has dealt with many kinds of contradictions and hold magic image. Thus the forest can be the representation of a complicated inner world of human which hope the impossible becomes the possible, the bad becomes the good, and any other incoherence. 65

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