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18 ABSTRACT The Social Function of Boys' Secondary Schools in Modern Japan: From the Perspectives of Repeating and Withdrawal TERASAKI, Satomi (Graduate School, Ochanomizu University) , Miyamaedaira, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan YOSHIDA, Aya (National Institute of Multimedia Education) 2-12 Wakaba, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship in a male secondary school between the school's selection of students and students' choices of paths based on different strategies of social classes (new and old middle classes) in modern Japan, focusing on the phenomena of repeating and withdrawal. Prior studies which have examined the social function of secondary schools have failed to analyze the inner selection process of schools in relation to the social classes of students. They have examined repeating, i.e. failing to advance to the next year, and withdrawal as very individual events, without any influence from social classes, although they have examined the influence of social classes at the time of entrance and graduation from schools. The hypothesis of this paper is that there is the relationship between repeating/withdrawal and the social classes of students. The following findings are obtained (1) There are few differences among social classes regarding the repeating and withdrawal ratio;(2) Examination scores affect students' paths, through repeating and withdrawal;(3) Concerning repeating, stu dents from the new middle class are more likely to graduate from the school, and those from the old middle class to withdraw;(4) Reg arding withdrawal, students with high exam records or who are from the new middle class tend to transfer to other schools, and those who have low exam records or who are from the old middle class tend to take care of personal affairs; and (5) Among withdrawees who have high exam records, those from the new middle class are more likely to transfer to other schools than those from the old middle class. On the contrary, among withdrawees with low exam records, those from the old middle class are more likely to give up their learning in educational institutions after dropping out than those from the new middle class. From these results, the following conclusion can be drawn. Male secondary schools is basically ruled by the achievement principle. Social classes, however, have their own strategies on how to survive after the inner selection. It is possible there is a social structural influence on repeating and withdrawal among students in male secondary schools.
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