陳 力衛  247‐271/247‐271

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1 A B C A B C

2 A A B unit A B BC A B B C B

3 ( )

4 Evolution and ethics, 1894 (1895) (1948) An inquiry into the (1901) nature and causes of the wealth of nations, 1776 (1888) The Study of Sociology, 1873 (1903) (1883) On liberty, 1859 (1903) (1872) AHistory of Politics, 1900 (1904) (1928) (1929) ASystemofLogic, 1843 (1903) L esprit des lois, 1750 ( ) (1875) Primer of Logic, 1876 (1908) (1872) (1875)(1883)

5 (1888) (1983) B C (1983) (1983)

6 (2007) corporation commodity

7 A B (2012) (2009)

8 (2013) evolution I, II III theory of evolution I, II evolutionism III evolution theory struggle for existence I II selection I natural selection I artificial selection I survival of the fittest I II III

9 (1881) evolution (2014) Edward Sylvester Morse (1881)

10 ( ) (1882) (1881) (1882) Evolution (1885) evolution (1888) Devel-opment; evolution, to develop

11 degeneration 1889 (1909) (1912) (1908) darwinism The doctrine of Darwin, as regards especially the origin of species by natural selection Anamorphosis The change of form throughout the species of a natural group of animals or plants, in the course of time, Cosmism A philosophy of things which grounds itself on the doctrine of evolution, (1916) Natural a. ~ elimination

12 Selection n. Natural Advance v.t. to make progress Develop v.i. by evolution toamoreperfect state Development n. ~ theory Evolution n. same as evolve, v.i. Evolve v.i. to a more perfect state Phyllogeny n. ( ) (1931)

13 survival of the fittest James Reeve Pusey (China and Charles Darwin, Harvard University Press, 1983, p. 463) B. J. (1978) (1965)

14 (2006) 1882 (2008)

15

16 (1883) 1899 (2013) 2006

17 (1902) (1902)

18 (1904) (1903) 1896 (1888)

19

20

21 (1903) (1916) Survival n. ~ of the fittest Darwinism n. Fit a. (5) Survival of the ~ test Strong a. (1) Strong devour the weak, the

22 (1983)

23 33 (1903) B. J. JS 2-9

24 (1916) JS

25 James Reeve PuseyChina and Charles DarwinHarvard University Press, 1983

清末における中国人日本留学の実態 表 1-1 文部省直轄学校における中国人留学生の在籍者数 (1907 年 12 月 ) 表 1-2 在東京公私立

清末における中国人日本留学の実態 表 1-1 文部省直轄学校における中国人留学生の在籍者数 (1907 年 12 月 ) 表 1-2 在東京公私立 Graduate School of Policy and Management, Doshisha University 93 日本留学生の歴史的貢献からみた清末留学生派遣政策の効果 あらまし 2012 10 1901-1911 1907 1. はじめに 1896 1911 15 1939 1975 1905 94 1905 2. 清末における中国人日本留学の実態 1905 45 35 10 19

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