Tilera 1) 64 TILEP64 2) TILEP64 TILE64 H.264 3) Motion JPEG Decoder 4) OSCAR ) OSCAR 6) 7)8) OSCAR API 9) 10) OS- CAR API OSCAR OpticalFlow, JPEG XR 1

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1 OSCAR API TILEP64 C OSCAR API OSCAR API 64 Tilera TILEP64 TILEP64 64 OSCAR TILEP64.bss 1 JPEG XR Optical Flow 30 MPEG2 1 AAC 47 OSCAR TILEP64 Parel pcessing of multimedia applications on TILEP64 using OSCAR API for embedded multicore Yohei Kishimoto, Hiki Mikami, Keiichi Nakano, Akihi Hayashi, Keiji Kimura and Hinori Kasahara Multicore pcessors and many-core pcessors have been used widely in embedded areas. The number of cores in these multi/many-cores in increasing more and more. However, it is difficult to achieve scalable performance impvement along with the increasing numbers of cores with parelized applications by hand because of the cost and time. This paper describes the performance of several automaticy parelized multi-media applications with considering cache assignment method on 64-cores TILEP64 many-core pcessor. These applications are written in C language, and are parelized by OSCAR automatic parelization compiler. OSCAR Compiler generates parelized C pgrams by inserting compiler directives of OSCAR API, which enables parel pcessing on the multicore for consumers electnics. Memory regions accessed by threads are devided pperly and assigned to the cache near the pcessor by OSCAR Compiler. By assigning heap/.bss page to the local cache, the evaluation results using 64-cores show times speedup on JPEG XR encoder, 30 times speedup on optical flow calculation, 17 times speedup on MPEG2 encoder and 47 times speedup on AAC encoder compared to sequential execution. These results show that the OSCAR automatic parelization compiler can achieve scalable performance impvement along with increasing numbers of cores. This also reveal a necessary configuration for cache utilization to achieve higher scalability on TILEP Waseda University Olympus Corporation c 2012 Information Pcessing Society of Japan 22

2 Tilera 1) 64 TILEP64 2) TILEP64 TILE64 H.264 3) Motion JPEG Decoder 4) OSCAR ) OSCAR 6) 7)8) OSCAR API 9) 10) OS- CAR API OSCAR OpticalFlow, JPEG XR 11) MPEG2 AAC OSCAR API TILEP64 2 OSCAR 3 OSCAR API 4 TILEP64 2. OSCAR OSCAR OSCAR C Fortran OSCAR API Fig Data Dependency Contl Flow Conditional Branch Mac Flow Graph Data Dependency Extended Contl Dependency Conditional Branch AND OR Original Contl Flow 2 Fig Mac Task Graph 8 12 c 2012 Information Pcessing Society of Japan 23

3 I/O I/O I/O 組込みシステムシンポジウム (MT) (BB) (RB) (SB) MT MT (MFG) MT (MTG) 1 MFG 2 MTG MTG MT MT MTG MT MT MT MT MT OSCAR OpenMP OSCAR API 3. OSCAR API OSCAR API API DMA OSCAR API OpenMP OpenMP OpenMP C OSCAR API 12) OSCAR API OSCAR API OS- CAR API C Fortran OSCAR 4. TILEP64 TILEP64 Memory Contller 0 Memory Contller 1 (0,0) (0,1) (0,2) (0,3) (0,4) (0,) (0,6) (0,7) (1,0) (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,) (1,6) (1,7) (2,0) (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,) (2,6) (2,7) (3,0) (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,) (3,6) (3,7) (4,0) (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,) (4,6) (4,7) (,0) (,1) (,2) (,3) (,4) (,) (,6) (,7) (6,0) (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,) (6,6) (6,7) (7,0) (7,1) (7,2) (7,3) (7,4) (7,) (7,6) (7,7) Memory Contller 3 Memory Contller 4 3 TILEP64 Fig. 3 TILEP64 block diagram TILEP64 13) TILEP MIPS 3 VLIW TILEP64 c 2012 Information Pcessing Society of Japan 24

4 (Home tile) Home tile 4 Home tile 3 tmc_oc_t oc = TMC_ALLOC_INIT; //Local Homing tmc_oc_set_home(&oc, MAP_CACHE_HOME_TASK); p1 = tmc_oc_map(&oc, size); //Remote Homing tmc_oc_set_home(&oc, MAP_CACHE_HOME(n)); //Hash for Home tmc_oc_set_home(&oc, MAP_CACHE_HOME_HASH); 4 Local Homing Home tile L2 L2 L2 Remote Homing 1 Home tile Home tile L2 Home tile Home tile L2 Home tile L2 L2 Hash for Home 1 Home tile Home tile L2 L3 L2 4.3 Hash for Home OS.bss.text LD_CACHE_HASH LD_CACHE_HASH Hash for Home butstack Hash for Home, Local Homing butstack static Local Homing Hash for Home (.data ) (.text ) Local Homing 1 Table 1 latencies of cache and memory access Level cycles L1D 2 Local L2 8 Remote L Main Memory 80 1 (30-60 ) (8 ) LD_CACHE_HASH. 4 TILEP64 OSCAR.1 TILEP64(TLR36480) TI- LEncore Card TILEncore Card c 2012 Information Pcessing Society of Japan 2

5 PCI-Express tile-monitor OS TILEP64 linux OS SMP PCIExpress 2 OS tile-monitor gcc tile-gcc -O3 -lpthread.2 Parelizable C 14) Optical Flow Y X 2 Y DOALL JPEG XR Encoder 1) JPEG XR JPEG XR JPEG JPEG XR AAC Encoder OSCAR 30 wav 128kbps MPEG2 Encoder Media Bench2 16) Parelizable C OSCAR OSCAR OSCAR API OSCAR API I/O 速度向上率 op/calflow jpegxr mpeg2enc aacenc コア数 / アプリケーション TILEP64 Fig. Speedup ratio on TILEP TILEP64 LD_CACHE_HASH butstack 64 opticalflow JPEG XR MPEG AAC LD_CACHE_HASH 6 OpticalFlow 7 JPEG XR 8 MPEG2 9 AAC butstack opticalflow butstack, static,, c 2012 Information Pcessing Society of Japan 26

6 (opticalflow) Fig. 6 Speedup ratio(opticalflow) 9 (aacenc) Fig. 9 Speedup ratio(aacenc) (jpegxr) Fig. 7 Speedup ratio(jpegxr) (mpeg2enc) Fig. 8 Speedup ratio(mpeg2enc) , butstack, static,, 30.6, 30.6, 30.7, jpegxr 32 static butstack,,, 64 butstack 28.1 static 23.7 butstack static aacenc 9 butstack static 16 mpeg2enc 8 32, butstack, static,, 17.7, 17.9, 17.9, 16.1, , 1.0, 1.0, 13.8, static, butstack 32.4 tile-opfile LD_CACHE_HASH 1 32 opticalflow 10, jpegxr 11 mpeg2enc 12 aacenc 13 LOCAL_DRD REMOTE_DRD LOCAL_WR REMOTE_WR LD_CACHE_HASH c 2012 Information Pcessing Society of Japan 27

7 REMOTE_WR 10 LOCAL_WR REMOTE_DRD LOCAL_DRD butstack butstack 10 (opticalflow) Fig. 10 Destination of data accesses(opticalflow) REMOTE_WR LOCAL_WR REMOTE_DRD LOCAL_DRD butstack butstack 11 (jpegxr) Fig. 11 Destination of data accesses(jpegxr) REMOTE_WR LOCAL_WR REMOTE_DRD LOCAL_DRD butstack butstack 13 (aacenc) Fig. 13 Destination of data accesses(aacenc) REMOTE_WR LOCAL_WR REMOTE_DRD LOCAL_DRD 14 Local Homing (jpegxr) Fig. 14 Destination of data accesses(jpegxr) with Local Homing REMOTE_WR LOCAL_WR REMOTE_DRD LOCAL_DRD butstack butstack 12 (mpeg2enc) Fig. 12 Destination of data accesses(mpeg2enc) 10 opticalflow 1 32 LD_CACHE_HASH butstack 速度向上率 コア数 1 Local Homing (jpegxr) Fig. 1 Speedup ratio(jpegxr) with Local Homing 1% 32 c 2012 Information Pcessing Society of Japan 28

8 10 opticalflow jpegxr aacenc mpeg2enc % 61.8% 43.7% Local Homing 11 jpegxr 32 butstack static butstack 1.2% static 14.7% 7 static butstack 12 mpeg2enc 32 static.4% 44.4%.bss jpegxr mpeg2enc Hash for Home jpegxr Local Homing 1 Local Homing 14 Local Homing 14 jpegxr static butstack 4 mpeg2enc.bss TILEP64.bss aacenc butstack, static,, 3.4%, 3.8%, 3.3%, 38.2% OSCAR TILEP64.bss 6. OSCAR OSCAR API TILEP64 64 Optical Flow 30 JPEG XR MPEG2 1 AAC 47 TILEP64.bss 4 1) Tilera corporation. com/. c 2012 Information Pcessing Society of Japan 29

9 2) S. Bell, B. Edwards, J. Amann, R. Conlin, K. Joyce, V. Leung, J. MacKay, M. Reif, Liewei Bao, J. Bwn, M. Mattina, Chyi-Chang Miao, C.Ramey, D.Wentzlaff, W.Anderson, E.Berger, N. Fairbanks, D. Khan, F. Monteneg, J. Stickney, and J. Zook. Tile64 - pcessor: A 64-core soc with mesh interconnect. In Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers. IEEE International, pp , ) C. Yan, F. Dai, Y. Zhang, Y. Ma, L. Chen, L. Fan, and Y. Zheng. Parel deblocking filter for h.264/avc implemented on tile64 platform. In Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1 6, ) X. Lin, C. Huang, P. Yang, T. Lung, S. Tseng, and Y. Chung. Parelization of motion jpeg decoder on tile64 many-core platform. In Pceedings of the Second Russia-Taiwan conference on Methods and tools of parel pgramming multicomputers, pp. 9 68, ) H. Kasahara, M. Obata, and K.Ishizaka. Automatic coarse grain task parel pcessing on smp using openmp. In Pceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parel Computing, pp , ),,,,.., ),,,. Fortran., Vol. 3, No. 9, pp , ),,,. MPEG2 ( ). Vol. 2004, No. 12, pp , ) K. Kimura, M. Mase, H. Mikami, T. Miyamoto, J. Shirako, and H. Kasahara. Oscar api for realtime low-power multicores and its performance on multicores and smp servers. Vol. 898, pp , / ) M. Ito, T. Hattori, Y. Yoshida, K. Hayase, T. Hayashi, O. Nishii, Y. Yasu, A. Hasegawa, M. Takada, H. Mizuno, K. Uchiyama, T. Odaka, J. Shirako, M. Mase, K. Kimura, and H. Kasahara. An 8640 mips soc with independent power-off contl of 8 cpus and 8 rams by an automatic parelizing compiler. In Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers. IEEE International, pp , ) ITU-T T.832. Information technology. jpeg xr image coding system - image coding specification, ),,,,,. OSCAR API Parelizable C., ) Tilep64 pcessor block diagram ),,. JISX0180:2011 Parelizable C. Vol. 2012, No. 22, pp. 1 6, ) ITU-T T.832. Information technology. Iso/iec fcd : Information technology jpeg xr image coding system part : Reference software, sc29/open/29view/29n10430c.htm. 16) Media bench 2. ~fritts/mediabench/. c 2012 Information Pcessing Society of Japan 30

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