: : : : ) ) 1. d ij f i e i x i v j m a ij m f ij n x i =

1 1980 1) 1 2 3 19721960 1965 2) 1999 1 69

1980 1972: 55 1999: 179 2041999: 210 211 1999: 211 3 2003 1987 92 97 3) 1960 1965 1970 1985 1990 1995 4) 1. d ij f i e i x i v j m a ij m f ij n x i = n d ij + f i + e i (m 1 a + m 1 f ) j=1 (i, j = 1, 2,, n) 1 a ij = d ij x j 2 m' a i m' f i m' a i = m a i / d ij j=1 m' f i = m if /f i 3 3 2 1 x i = d ij + f i + e i m i j=1 = a ij x j + f i + e i (m i a + m i f ) 4 j=1 = a ij x j + f i + e i (m' ia a ij x j + m' if f i ) j=1 j=1 (i, j = 1 n) 4 X = AX + F + E M = AX + F + E (M A + M F ) 5 = AX + F + E (M A AX + M F F) 70 Vol. 52, No. 4, October 2006

X A F E M A M F M A M F 5 X = [I (I M A )A] 1 [(I M F )F + E] = B[(I M F )F + E] 6 B [I (I M A )A] 1 b ij 2. 6 B b ij j 1 i 1 1 b 11 b 1n 1 b 11 0 = b n1 b nn 0 b n1 7 U u ij 1 u ij U 1 1 1980 1 u 11 u 1n U = u n1 u nn a 11 a 1n b 11 0 0 0 = 0 a n1 a nn 0 0 b n1 8 3. U U D u d ij U M u m ij 1 2 8 1 71

1 1999: 159 2 2 u 11 m u 1n m U M = u m m 1n u nn = a m' i 0 0 a 11 a 1n b 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a m' n a n1 a nn 0 0 b n1 U U M U D 9 1980 1 1999 1999 72 Vol. 52, No. 4, October 2006

ˆm 1 = 1 1 M = 1 1 m' i a 0 0 a 11 a 1n b 11 0 0 0 0 m' i a a n1 a nn b n1 10-1 a m' i 0 0 a 11 a 1n b 11 b 1n 0 0 0 a 0 m' n a n1 a nn b n1 b nn 10-2 1999 1999 U M u m ij 1999 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1999 1999 1972 100 1972: 55 1 4. 2 v' j 2 1 v' 1 0 0 b 11 v 1 1 v n 1 ' = 0 11-1 0 0 0 v' n b n1 v 1 1 v n1 ' v' 1 0 0 b 11 b 1n 0 = 0 v n n 1 v n 0 0 v' n b n1 b nn 11-2 l' i 73

1 l 1 1 l 1 1 11 12 1 1 1 v 1 /l 1 13-1 1 v j / l j j=2λ n j=2λ n l' i 0 0 b 11 l n 1 ' = 0 12-1 0 0 0 l' n b n1 1 l n ' l' l 0 0 b 11 b 1n 0 = 0 n n l 1 l n 0 0 l' n b n1 b nn 12-2 13-2 13-1 13-2 1 1 1 5. 1999 1999 1 M = m 1 m' 1 0 0 a 11 a 1n b 11 b 1n e 1 = 0 0 m n 0 0 m' n a n1 a nn b n1 b nn e n 1999 14 14 14 74 Vol. 52, No. 4, October 2006

1987 1997 1960 1970 1985 1995 1. 1 3 5 1 1987 5 2 0.22 0.23 1 1992 5 2 0.70 0.55 1987 1997 1 0.99 1960 1960 5 2 1965 5 1.29 1 1970 1985 60 5 60 2. 1 3 75

1 a 1987 1.16 0.53 2.20 0.106 29.4 0.30 1.37 0.22 0.030 13.4 3.49 0.96 3.64 0.038 9.4 1.28 0.41 3.13 0.057 9.3 0.30 1.27 0.23 0.200 7.8 0.48 1.12 0.43 0.211 7.3 0.69 1.72 0.40 0.069 6.1 0.31 0.77 0.40 0.134 5.5 0.73 0.85 0.86 0.117 5.5 12.17 2.00 6.07 0.041 4.1 1.79 1.66 1.07 0.118 3.9 2.10 1.28 1.65 0.125 2.5 1.02 0.91 1.13 0.075 1.6 1.07 1.29 0.83 0.094 1.0 8.90 0.92 9.67 0.004 0.4 5.69 1.93 2.95 0.045 0.0 1.10 1.24 0.88 0.109 0.0 0.25 1.01 0.25 0.051 0.0 0.87 0.90 0.97 0.041 7.2 b 1992 1.28 0.70 1.82 0.157 35.3 0.92 1.30 0.70 0.201 11.4 2.00 1.09 1.83 0.160 9.5 0.51 0.93 0.55 0.157 7.3 1.97 0.48 4.08 0.074 7.3 0.35 1.84 0.19 0.044 6.2 0.55 1.53 0.36 0.202 5.8 4.06 1.34 3.02 0.067 5.1 1.72 1.55 1.11 0.163 3.5 1.64 1.52 1.08 0.125 3.3 0.66 1.93 0.34 0.134 3.2 9.93 2.18 4.56 0.084 2.4 1.52 1.92 0.79 0.147 2.3 1.21 1.25 0.97 0.092 1.7 5.98 1.19 5.01 0.074 0.2 9.24 1.83 5.05 0.069 0.0 1.62 1.44 1.12 0.110 0.0 0.39 1.28 0.31 0.093 0.0 1.43 0.92 1.55 0.082 4.6 c 1997 3.72 1.00 3.73 0.132 23.4 2.66 1.98 1.34 0.189 21.3 5.12 1.41 3.62 0.153 9.2 1.35 1.36 0.99 0.080 7.8 1.97 1.43 1.38 0.135 7.5 2.19 1.77 1.23 0.098 4.8 4.09 0.65 6.32 0.071 4.4 3.28 2.18 1.51 0.161 3.9 1.89 2.19 0.86 0.090 3.5 1.86 2.44 0.76 0.172 2.9 2.01 2.15 0.93 0.167 2.9 0.45 2.77 0.16 0.054 2.5 4.11 1.92 2.14 0.094 2.4 3.53 2.12 1.67 0.122 1.8 3.81 2.60 1.46 0.146 1.1 6.64 2.26 2.94 0.108 0.2 1.45 2.19 0.66 0.128 0.1 7.13 1.89 3.78 0.055 0.1 0.34 1.97 0.17 0.086 0.0 76 Vol. 52, No. 4, October 2006

2 a 1960 0.46 0.73 0.64 0.098 21.0 0.48 0.45 1.05 0.063 19.6 3.96 0.80 4.97 0.039 11.3 0.35 0.45 0.79 0.067 7.8 1.02 0.82 1.24 0.197 6.4 0.57 0.79 0.71 0.106 4.6 1.12 0.36 3.14 0.082 4.4 0.29 0.79 0.37 0.030 4.3 1.16 0.66 1.76 0.035 4.2 0.33 0.64 0.52 0.115 4.2 0.56 0.79 0.72 0.106 3.3 0.44 0.84 0.52 0.106 3.3 0.37 1.09 0.34 0.014 3.3 1.07 0.51 2.09 0.018 0.7 7.14 0.67 10.66 0.174 0.5 0.63 0.58 1.07 0.069 0.4 2.63 0.75 3.51 0.056 0.3 2.02 0.85 2.37 0.005 0.3 0.50 0.71 0.70 0.039 0.0 b 1965 0.88 1.06 0.84 0.091 27.7 1.76 1.21 1.45 0.216 13.9 0.64 0.70 0.92 0.073 10.5 5.49 1.12 4.89 0.049 10.1 1.16 0.90 1.29 0.106 6.8 0.90 1.13 0.79 0.094 6.1 0.60 0.65 0.93 0.073 5.4 0.59 1.39 0.42 0.021 5.2 0.86 1.22 0.71 0.088 3.2 1.54 0.49 3.11 0.107 2.9 1.05 1.15 0.92 0.103 2.4 0.37 1.16 0.32 0.045 2.3 0.77 0.86 0.90 0.041 1.2 12.80 1.05 12.22 0.262 1.0 1.27 0.77 1.64 0.026 0.8 2.30 1.07 2.14 0.007 0.2 3.25 1.14 2.86 0.072 0.1 1.00 1.14 0.87 0.047 0.1 0.87 0.92 0.94 0.074 0.0 c 1970 1.69 1.74 0.97 0.089 31.8 9.08 1.81 5.02 0.047 13.8 3.74 1.96 1.91 0.215 12.6 2.18 1.85 1.18 0.095 8.2 3.05 1.37 2.22 0.102 7.5 0.73 1.15 0.63 0.106 6.2 1.13 1.77 0.64 0.023 5.3 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.091 3.2 1.36 2.09 0.65 0.105 2.9 1.37 1.39 0.99 0.037 2.5 2.05 0.67 3.07 0.141 1.8 1.64 1.82 0.90 0.164 1.5 0.42 1.89 0.22 0.067 1.1 1.48 1.22 1.21 0.040 0.7 22.19 1.77 12.55 0.317 0.6 2.73 1.40 1.94 0.012 0.2 2.07 1.99 1.04 0.066 0.1 5.01 1.96 2.56 0.095 0.0 1.35 1.52 0.89 0.093 0.0 77

3 a 1985 8.06 5.73 1.41 0.059 47.5 8.78 5.76 1.52 0.050 12.6 10.03 3.84 2.61 0.023 11.8 14.21 4.80 2.96 0.017 7.1 12.43 5.72 2.18 0.126 6.8 100.88 5.18 19.49 0.090 4.1 8.00 5.33 1.50 0.062 2.4 5.45 6.38 0.86 0.055 2.1 1.03 5.43 0.19 0.060 1.5 7.14 5.60 1.28 0.110 1.2 8.17 2.89 2.83 0.082 0.8 2.14 4.58 0.47 0.061 0.7 6.14 4.83 1.27 0.017 0.7 2.97 6.82 0.44 0.229 0.3 1.58 6.10 0.26 0.050 0.2 8.81 5.73 1.54 0.039 0.0 113.45 5.22 21.74 0.056 0.0 3.09 7.80 0.40 0.005 0.0 0.87 7.30 0.12 0.016 0.0 b 1990 10.67 7.25 1.47 0.077 53.7 10.31 7.74 1.33 0.063 13.1 10.19 4.83 2.11 0.032 10.9 149.03 6.24 23.88 0.090 5.1 19.10 5.44 3.51 0.020 4.4 17.08 7.35 2.32 0.139 4.3 12.94 7.06 1.83 0.081 1.7 0.82 6.53 0.13 0.081 1.5 5.85 8.44 0.69 0.070 1.3 8.23 6.66 1.24 0.115 1.1 9.56 5.75 1.66 0.022 1.0 2.46 5.57 0.44 0.073 0.8 8.14 3.47 2.34 0.085 0.5 3.82 8.82 0.43 0.252 0.4 1.70 7.95 0.21 0.057 0.1 171.34 6.22 27.57 0.064 0.0 13.43 6.87 1.95 0.045 0.0 2.75 8.03 0.34 0.009 0.0 0.83 9.13 0.09 0.022 0.0 c 1995 10.76 8.09 1.33 0.093 52.1 9.58 8.35 1.15 0.076 13.2 10.06 5.39 1.87 0.037 10.9 21.83 6.05 3.61 0.021 6.6 203.95 6.71 30.38 0.089 6.1 17.67 7.85 2.25 0.144 4.5 11.89 6.47 1.84 0.022 1.2 11.33 7.75 1.46 0.117 1.2 9.05 7.63 1.19 0.113 1.1 6.10 9.18 0.66 0.081 1.1 4.34 9.27 0.47 0.290 0.6 2.59 6.53 0.40 0.089 0.6 8.29 4.11 2.02 0.089 0.4 1.34 6.50 0.21 0.065 0.1 1.91 8.27 0.23 0.063 0.1 146.71 7.14 20.56 0.070 0.1 13.95 7.29 1.91 0.053 0.0 3.17 8.83 0.36 0.008 0.0 0.73 9.39 0.08 0.029 0.0 78 Vol. 52, No. 4, October 2006

19 9 1960 90 5 3. 9 9 3 5 5) 1987 1997 1960 3 79

4 5 1970 1960 1995 4. 80 Vol. 52, No. 4, October 2006

4 1987 1992 1997 M m i/ e i m i/m i M m i/ e i m i/m i M m i/ e i m i/m i 1 248,406 0.0058 7.21 341,972 0.0042 9.75 361,398 0.0022 9.04 2 232,453 0.0054 12.41 997,145 0.0123 17.45 1,636,618 0.0099 21.30 3 92,894 0.0022 3.70 114,233 0.0014 5.01 285,413 0.0017 6.06 4 849,448 0.0199 17.94 2,400,227 0.0297 29.56 3,254,864 0.0197 27.01 5 6 177,935 0.0042 9.78 382,745 0.0047 14.18 1,026,236 0.0062 16.12 128,301 0.0030 12.33 480,915 0.0059 15.64 686,557 0.0042 17.40 7 714,142 0.0167 13.39 2,489,873 0.0308 20.02 4,933,205 0.0298 23.35 8 9 9,535 0.0002 3.40 69676 0.0009 8.10 75,493 0.0005 7.11 730,647 0.0171 11.07 1,226,229 0.0152 18.75 2,003,956 0.0121 24.39 10 26,892 0.0006 6.56 117,450 0.0015 11.45 507,088 0.0031 15.14 11 503,819 0.0118 6.15 1,252,808 0.0155 9.68 2,065,166 0.0125 11.74 12 13 604,448 0.0142 6.76 1,848,793 0.0228 11.78 5,214,875 0.0315 16.90 14,899 0.0003 12.18 75,443 0.0009 17.93 373 0.0000 19.55 14 0 0.0000 0.00 0 0.0000 0.00 4,007 0.0000 0.80 15 2,956 0.0001 7.54 2,536 0.0000 10.73 163,656 0.0010 14.95 16 217 0.0000 10.82 395 0.0000 20.46 66,595 0.0004 15.11 17 0 0.0000 0.00 0 0.0000 0.00 64,584 0.0004 14.98 18 4,703 0.0001 2.07 5,561 0.0001 5.37 272,664 0.0016 6.88 19 0 0.0000 0.00 0 0.0000 0.00 0 0.0000 0.00 4,341,693 0.1017 9.53 11,806,001 0.1459 15.65 22,622,748 0.1367 17.73 14 4 6 1 1987 0.1017 1992 0.1459 1997 0.1367 81

5 1960 1965 1970 M m i/ e i m i/m i M m i/ e i m i/m i M m i/ e i m i/m i 1 29,847 0.0137 5.23 45,172 0.0114 4.62 78,300 0.0092 4.65 2 51,647 0.0237 13.28 157,388 0.0396 17.71 367,984 0.0431 16.24 3 1,613 0.0007 0.79 4,414 0.0011 1.00 6,416 0.0008 1.20 4 2,458 0.0011 13.50 3,551 0.0009 10.37 14,414 0.0017 9.74 5 6 1,565 0.0007 4.81 4,150 0.0010 5.04 12,608 0.0015 4.90 6,363 0.0029 11.15 17,807 0.0045 13.64 39,127 0.0046 13.93 7 18,758 0.0086 11.98 28,592 0.0072 12.42 60,414 0.0071 13.47 8 9 286 0.0001 5.46 390 0.0001 5.14 972 0.0001 4.76 43,533 0.0200 17.30 82,110 0.0206 26.63 140,886 0.0165 22.60 10 235 0.0001 4.42 656 0.0002 4.97 1,259 0.0001 4.35 11 5,964 0.0027 5.28 11,963 0.0030 7.01 24,841 0.0029 6.60 12 13 4,261 0.0020 6.17 19,674 0.0049 7.73 55,725 0.0065 8.15 114 0.0001 7.97 30 0.0000 9.10 5 0.0000 9.86 14 2 0.0000 0.61 0 0.0000 0.00 0 0.0000 0.00 15 6,050 0.0028 5.77 11,982 0.0030 6.59 27,628 0.0032 6.97 16 0 0.0000 0.00 126 0.0000 6.33 1,477 0.0002 7.07 17 502 0.0002 3.28 2,303 0.0006 3.76 5,232 0.0006 4.39 18 388 0.0002 2.03 896 0.0002 2.25 2,990 0.0003 2.75 19 1,551 0.0007 3.29 2,803 0.0007 3.30 14,146 0.0017 6.33 175,139 0.0803 8.50 394,006 0.0990 10.08 854,426 0.1000 10.39 60 0.0803 0.1000 6) 60 82 Vol. 52, No. 4, October 2006

6 1985 1990 1995 M m i/ e i m i/m i M m i/ e i m i/m i M m i/ e i m i/m i 1 108,694 0.0026 3.78 72,552 0.0016 2.99 63,577 0.0014 2.68 2 519,592 0.0123 13.47 496,161 0.0110 9.94 593,291 0.0127 10.16 3 29,100 0.0007 1.71 45,907 0.0010 1.31 58,056 0.0012 1.22 4 53,195 0.0013 6.47 77,184 0.0017 4.45 118,697 0.0025 4.32 5 6 88,059 0.0021 11.49 130,772 0.0029 9.20 167,749 0.0036 9.08 273,955 0.0065 18.72 321,068 0.0071 15.76 335,363 0.0072 14.98 7 111,452 0.0026 11.53 107,334 0.0024 7.99 78,564 0.0017 6.90 8 9 17,664 0.0004 8.89 23,640 0.0005 6.98 23,533 0.0005 7.42 442,588 0.0105 31.21 504,866 0.0112 22.96 575,518 0.0123 24.01 10 11,772 0.0003 10.20 20,830 0.0005 8.02 25,077 0.0005 8.11 11 59,138 0.0014 8.98 83,915 0.0019 7.28 93,381 0.0020 8.41 12 13 410,256 0.0097 15.82 897,806 0.0200 13.64 1,333,854 0.0285 13.53 29 0.0000 2.79 56 0.0000 1.93 22 0.0000 1.91 14 44 0.0000 6.52 55 0.0000 5.33 28 0.0000 4.34 15 21,038 0.0005 5.75 19,823 0.0004 4.56 6,787 0.0001 4.34 16 49,834 0.0012 11.68 56,092 0.0012 7.21 65,118 0.0014 6.34 17 81 0.0000 2.74 177 0.0000 1.79 58 0.0000 1.29 18 175,580 0.0042 5.01 263,723 0.0059 4.29 270,671 0.0058 3.85 19 43,731 0.0010 17.11 90,548 0.0020 10.76 61,329 0.0013 10.94 2,415,801 0.0573 10.98 3,212,510 0.0715 8.87 3,870,673 0.0827 8.85 9.53 15.65 17.73 1 60 83

8.50 10.08 10.39 1) 1997: 237 238 1996: 193 194 2) 100 1972: 551999 1972 3) 1987 92 97 2003 2 84 Vol. 52, No. 4, October 2006

4) 2003 5) 4 6) 1960 1999 1997 1972 65 12 38 62 1980 73 5 66 94 2003 I-O 50 2 1 22 1999 1999 1996 E-mail: xingehujp@hotmail.com 85