2. (1) 7 5051 56 52, 55 53 54 10 5960 6165 57636466, 5762 10 676873 697274 7071 7576 1
63 6 125146147 ( ) 18 148 143 144 15 116122 117118138139 142 119 136 120 121126 135 141 145 13 123 124 149 150 151 157158159 4 (160) 152153 ( 154 155 156 97 98 103 105K 0 106 112 K 0 107 99 100 101 102 104 111 140 11 113 2 114 115 127 131Metastability 132 133 137 128 129 130 19 4 MH ( ) ) (170) MH CRS (171) MH (172) (175) (161) (173) (174) 2 (162) ( (163) ) 4 (165) (166) (167) (176) 2 (164) 110 134 (168) 108109 3 (169)Ca (177) (178 )
3 17
44 6 (238, 240, 241, 269) (239, 242) 13 (243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 255) 9 (245) (251, 252, 253, 254) (256, 257) (258, 260, 311 312 261, 262, 263) 313 (259) (272) 8 (264, 265, 266) (267, 268, 270, 271, 273) 8 (274) (275, 279) (276, 277) (278) (280) (281) 17 (302) (303) (304) (305) (306) (307) 314 (308) (309) (310) 315 316 317 (318) 4
5 1 35 9 (319) (320 321) (322) (324) (325) (323326327) 7 (328) (329) (330) (331) (332) (333) (334) 9 (335336) (337) (338) (339) (340341) (342) +PS (343) 10 (344) + (345) (346) (347) (348349) + (350) (351) (352)EPS + (353) 37 10 354355356 357358 359360361 362363 10 364365366 367368 369370371 372 373 8 374 375376 377 378 379 380 381 9 382 383 384385 386387 388389390
4. 37 12 391, 393, 395, 396, 397, 398 394, 401 392, 403, 404, 405 7 VD 399 400 402, 414 406, 407 408 4 410, 411 416, 417 4 409 412 413 415 4 418 419 3 6 420421 422424 423425, 427 426 9 (428, 429, 530, 431, 432, 436) (433)SCP (434) 9 SCP (437, 438, 441) DMM (439, 440) (442, 443) (444, 445) 11 (446, 447, 451, 452, 455) (450, 456) (448, 449) (453, 454) 9 (457) (458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 465) (463, 464) 6 117 3 7 1 2 (471) (475) (478) (466,467,468,469) (472,473) (477) (476) (470) (474) (479) (480) (481) 1 (482)
4 504 (505), 507 512 2 503 508 2 (506) 509 2 510 (511) 513 (514) 516.517 522 5 2 515 515 3 519 (520 521 4 523 524 528, 532 4 Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics 525 526 531 533 3 527 529 530 1 532 3 535 536 537 3 538 539 540 7
8 (2)(17 ) 1 (565) 3 (566) (567,568) 4 (569,572) (570,571) 2 (573) (575) 2 (574,576) 3 (577) (578)FEM (579) 2 (580,581)
9 1, - 33 ( ) 11 (582) (583), (584), (585), (586), (587), (588), (589), (590), (591,592) 5 (593), (595), (596), (597), (598) 5 FEM (594), (599,600), (601), (602), 7 (603), (604,605), (606), (607), (608), (609), 5 (610), (611), (612), (613), 44 (614) 25 9 (615) (616,617,618) FEM (619) Winkler (620) (621) (622) (623) 7 (631) (632) (633) (634,365) (636) (637) 9 (638, 639) (640) (641) (642) (643) (644) (645) Kelvin (646)
126 7 10 4 666667668 (624), (625), (626), 2 670 671 (627), (628), (629), (630) 11 (, 3D ) (647, 648), 6 (,, ) (649, 650, 651), 9 3D (, ) (652, 653), 3D (654), 3 687688 689 3D 4 690 PRAB(655), (656) 9 (657), RC 11 (658), (659), 4 696697 (, 698 ) (660, 661), (662), (663), (, ) (664, 665) 10 6. 10 669 4 672T 673 674 675 676677 678680681 2 682685 3 683684 686 H-H 691692 693 2 694 965 7 700 701 702706
6. 33 6 (707) (708) (709,710) (711,712) 16 (713) (714,715) (716) (717) (718) (719) (720) 8 (721) (722) (723) (724) (725) (726) (727) (728) 11 (729,730,731) (732) (733) (734,735) (736) (737) (738) (739) 4 2 1 8 4 740 741 742 743 744 746 747 749,750,751 752,753 755 756 757 759 760,761,762,763 764 765 772 745 766 770 771 11
5 748 767 768,769 773 1. 29 7 793 802804 805 807 6 779785786 ( ) ( ) 787788 4 800 4 783784 799 801 5 780781 794 796 798 7 782 797 1 (824) 789791 792 795 2 16 (808), (818), 5 3 1 (810), (811,812,813), (814) (816), (817,819), (820), (821,822,823), (818) 12
5 16 4 4 3 (891,892) (898) (896) (893), (895) (894) S (902),2003 (904) (897)2004 (905) (906) (899)KiK-net (900) (901)2000 (903) 22 4 907908909 910 6 911 912913 914915 916 5 918 7 919 920 924925 917 921 922DEM 923 926927 928 13
14 17 6 959 961 960 962 963 964 5 FEM968 969 970 971 972 5 965 967 973 974 975 1 966 18 (976) 977 (978) 983 (979, 980) (985) 991 8 (981) (982) 986 987 (988) 989 992 (990) GIS 2 984 993
17 3 10 10261027 SPH DEM 20 1036 DEM 10521053 8 38 1035 1028 1029 1030 1031 1034 1038 10391040 10411044 1045 10461047 1048 10491050 105110541055 1056 1057 1058,1059 1060 1061 VOC 1062PCB 1063 15
127 25 8 1073,1074 4 *1064 1075,1079,1080 1065 11011102 1076,1077,1078 9 4 1066 8 1081,1082 1068 1069 1083 * 1091 1090 1093 1084 1085,1086 1087 2 1088 1067 9 1092 2 *1103 1 1107,1108 10701071 1109,1110,1111 3 1072 1098 1112 4 1099 1100 1104 1089 1113 2 1105 7 * 1094 1114,1115 4 1095 10961097 1 *1106 * 16