CIRJE-J-30 CIRJE 000 8
5 9 3 Estmaton of Fatgue Cost of Commutng Congeston and Optmal Congeston Fare Ths paper has three ams. Frst, we estmate a hedonc housng rent functon along the Chuo Lne n Tokyo wth ( commutng tme dstance and ( congeston degree as explanatory varables. Second, from the hedonc rent functon thus estmated, we measure tme cost and fatgue cost of commutng n terms of Equvalent Varaton. We show that the fatgue cost of commutng s 5-9% of total commutng cost. Thrd, from the fatgue cost thus estmated, we measure margnal external congeston cost of an addtonal passenger at the peak rush hour. Ths margnal external congeston cost s nterpreted as optmal congeston toll. The result ndcates that the optmal congeston toll for the most congested tme s -3 tmes the current commuter-pass fare dependng upon the tran lne segment.
5 9 3 (976 (988,989 567-00476- E-mal yamaga@ser.osaka-u.ac.jp 3-0033 7-3-E-mal hatta@css.u-tokyo.ac.jp 89% 00% 0
(995 (999 (995 Hatta and Ohkawara(994 (995 (999 (995 (995 (995 (999 (999
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(x x + a = m k (5 m( k ( m( k x m( k m( k m( k m k m 0 m 0 k 0 m( k (4 (5 ( ( β U h,z,x,k = h z β ( δ m( k x α (x k (6 m( k m 0 0 k 0 k ~ k m( k 3 m( k x r ( x h + z = Y (7 4 m( k k 4
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k N = (4 K N ( K N 0 k = ω k =,, L, I (5 ω (5 (5 k I I 0 5 (3 log r * = 3. 76+ 0. 00 s + 8. 40 0. 009 y s (. (.8 (5.9 (-.9. +. 840 log[ 80. 50 x 0. 807 k x] 0 (6 (.44 (3.50 (3.96 (4.0 W R = 0. 78 (3 (6 α β = 0. 840 (6 β β = 0. α =0.76 (5 m( k (5 9,043 43,350 7
. m( k = 0. 807 k m 0 k 0 m( k x m(x k x m( k [ ]x m(k 3.5. ( k 0. 8 k m = m 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5.5.5 3 k 0. k m( k 6 m( k x m( k Y 3 3 Y 997 43,350 43,350 449,86 8
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x m(k x [m(k-]x 6.367.367 8.3.3 8.8 3.4 94.5.9 0.369.368.9.9 37.3 84.3 47.0 3..73.35 4.8.8 36.9 30.7 73.7.9 4.07.3 6.4.4 3.5 33.3 300.7 9.5 6.64.30 8.. 8.4 356.6 38. 8.0 9..8 30.8.8 4.9 395. 370. 6.3 3.75.66 3.5.5.0 49.7 398.7 5.0 35.79.393 40.8 5.8 84.9 545. 460.4 5.6 38.3.474 47. 9. 39.0 647.8 508.8.5 40.987.509 5.0.0 70. 7.8 54.7 3.9 44.97.559 58. 4. 9.4 839. 609.7 7.3 48.647.568 63.8 5.8 67.5 946.8 679.3 8.3 50.563.568 66.5 6.5 84.3 999.4 75. 8.4 54.348.548 70.8 6.8 300.0,087.6 787.6 7.6 58.09.5 74.0 6.0 94.,55.4 86.3 5.5 6.04.48 76. 5. 86.3,04.4 98. 3.8 65 0.89.438 78.5 3.5 6.7,56.9 995. 0.8 70 0.79.394 8.7.7 34.8,33.0,096. 7.6 73 0.497.35 8. 9. 87.6,343.3,55.7 4.0 7 m( k k z MRS F MRS ( h,z,x,k 4 U ( h,z,x,k ( h,z,x,k U k F = (9 U z k z U U( h,z,x,k z k (9 (9 - h z h Y z = z Y (9 Y h = ( ( k x f ( k,x f ( k,x MRS ( h( Y,z( Y,x,k (0 F Y f ( (6 z k = ( β h β z β ( δ m( k x α α β β U k = α( δ m( k x h z m ( kx U z ( ( 0
m ( k = dm( k f ( k,x (0 m ( k x ( δ m( k x = αy (3 (3 (6 ( k,x % 5 f 8 (9 k k ( k N x (3 f ( k( k,x N k 0 k ( k k (4 4 5 k (3 (3
= (4 K k k ( k (5 (4 (5 k k k = (6 ( ( ( = K f ( k ( k,x N E (6 ( k E = N f ( k ( k,x (7 f ( 3 x f k,x ( 6 60 5 0 0.96 0 06 6 60 0.99 9 6 0.3 4 5 6 50.55 6 76 07 300.45 9 33 07 340.64 3 338 07 400.93 35 40 47 480.94 38 47 47 590.39 40 53 47 670.7 44 604 93 770.63 48 69 93 830.83 50 739 93 890 3.04 54 830 338 970.87 58 96 378,060.8 6 983 378,00.9 65,07 44,80.78 70,83 44,30.9 73,38 487,60.59 6 998
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E n f ( k ( k,k,x ( k,k = (33 n ( k, x ( k, f x E (30 (3 E n f ( k ( k,k,x ( k,k f n n ( k ( k,x = + n f (34 (7 (33 (34 E E = E + E = n f ( k ( k,k,x + n f ( k ( k,k,x ( k,k ( k,k + n f ( k ( k,x ( k ( k (35 E E 0 I 0 E j ( (,x I E = E n j f k j k, L +,k j= E = 0 =,, L,I 0 ( j j j ( k, L,k (36JR, (36 n N n N k k k( k, k k( k, k k ( k 0 k k 5
,(988,, 6,(989,, (995,,, (996, (976, 7 (999,,,VOL.34. (999, ISIZE http://www.sze.com ( (997 7 ( (999 0 NHK 995,NHK 999 Hatta, T. and Ohkawara, T. (994, Housng and the Journey to Work n the Tokyo Metropoltan Area, n Yuko Noguch and James M. Poterb ed. Housng Markets n the Unted States and Japan, Unversty of Chcago Press, pp. 87-3. 6