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( ) 300 250 200 150 100 270 4.32 136 1.58 209 2.14 2003 112 1.29 5 4 3 2 50 1 0 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 0 4
5
TFR TFR TFR() t = 0 Bat (, ) da N F ( a, t) B(a,t) N F (a,t) 6
0.25 0.20 1975 2000 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 7
(TFR TFR) TFR() t = 0 Bat (, ) da N F ( a, t) TFR() t Fmar Bat (, ) N ( at, ) = 0 N Fmar ( a, t) N F ( a, t) da B(a,t a,t) N F (a,t) N Fmar (a,t) 8
0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 1975 2000 0.10 0.00 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 9
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 1975 2000 0% 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 10
1975 1980 1990 2000 1975 2000 1.94 1.74 1.55 1.35 1.94 1.35-0.20-0.19-0.20-0.58 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) -0.17 (86.9) -0.03 (13.1) -0.17 (89.3) -0.02 (10.7) -0.08 (38.6) -0.12 (61.4) -0.42 (71.3) -0.17 (28.7) 11
PTFR 50 1947 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 45 40 2.00 1.96 2.09 2.02 1.97 1.83 35 1.94 1.92 2.05 1.96 1.88 1.73 1.46 30 25 20 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 2.01 1.97 2.1 2.03 1.97 1.83 1.46 12
2.0 1.5 1.0 20 25 30 35 40 45 0.5 0.0 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 13
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30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 26.0 25.0 24.0 29.4 27.6 23.0 22.0 21.0 20.0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 16
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100 90 80 70 1519 2024 60 50 2529 3539 4549 3034 4044 5054 48.0 54.0 40 40.2 30 20 10 18.1 7.2 7.7 20.9 24.0 9.1 10.4 30.6 13.9 19.7 26.4 13.9 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 18
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4750 21
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50 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 45 40 35 30 25 20 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 23
1920 1930 1940 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 13.8 10.9 9.3 7.2 6.0 5.3 24.6 19.3 53.8 49.7 44.3 48.3 41.3 32.6 31.6 29.6 34.1 34.1 33.0 33.6 32.3 31.1 23.5 29.2 20.5 20.3 26.0 21.9 23.7 29.8 29.0 29.7 35.5 38.2 43.0 46.5 51.8 55.4 57.5 58.7 62.5 65.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 24
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1920 1930 1940 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 25
80 70 1971 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 30.0 15 19 55.2 20 24 19.3 25 29 12.7 30 34 12.2 12.6 13.5 14.7 14.1 11.4 35 39 26 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 5.6 65
50.3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 65 2002 27
30.0 55.2 12.2 12.6 13.5 14.7 14.1 11.4 5.6 19.3 12.7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 65 50.3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 65 28
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100 80 88.6 60 69.0 48.7 40 44.9 20 13.4 8.1 0 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 33
34 34
35
25 2534 34 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 36
16 16 15 15 14 14 13 1519 13 12 11 10 9 2024 2529 3034 3539 4044 12 11 10 9 1519 2024 2529 3034 3539 8 8 4044 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 37
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80 70 (%) 74.1 67.6 60 50 50.4 40 30 20 34.6 28.6 19.5 27.6 29.4 32.9 10 0 (247) ( (250 (868) (14) (1,650) 43 (293) (564) (407) (113)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1519 2024 2529 3034 3539 4044 4549 5054 5559 6064 6569 7074 75 14 44
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4.5 y = -0.0224x + 3.506 4.0 R 2 = 0.3475 3.87 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 2.88 2.57 2.43 3.01 2.46 2.50 2.47 2.43 2.13 1.92 2.03 1.83 1.0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 46
2.2 2.0 y = 0.0232x - 0.1398 R 2 = 0.2782 2.13 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.36 1.89 1.89 1.85 1.73 1.65 1.72 1.54 1.50 1.36 1.2 1.23 1.24 1.0 60 65 70 75 80 85 47
800 700 600 6,300 26.8% 500 400 300 200 100 0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 48
800 700 600 18,500 78.4% 500 400 300 200 100 0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 49
1500 10001499 900999 800899 700799 600699 500599 400499 300399 250299 200249 150199 100149 5099 50 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 142003 50
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