1 2000 2 1
1 5 2 9 2.1..................................... 9 2.1.1........................... 9 2.2..................................... 11 2.2.1........................... 11 2.2.2................................. 12 3 17 3.1..................................... 17 3.1.1........................... 17 3.2..................................... 18 4 21 5 24 1
1.1 1 ( )........... 5 1.2 1 ( )........ 5 1.3 2 ( )................ 7 1.4 2 ( )............. 7 1.5 3 ( 1 2 )................. 8 2.1.............................. 9 2.2 1949-80.............. 12 2.3 1949-80............... 12 2.4 1949-97........................... 12 2.5 1949-80........................... 12 2.6 1949-80............................. 13 2.7 1949-80........................ 13 2.8 1949-80........................... 14 2.9 1949-80........................... 14 2.10 1949-80......................... 14 2.11 1949-79........................... 15 2.12 1949-80........................... 16 3.1...................................... 18 3.2 1............................ 18 3.3.................................. 19 3.4.............................. 19 3.5 1........................... 19 3.6 1........................... 19 3.7................................ 20 3.8................................ 20 4.1 1949-80......................... 21 4.2 1949-80..................... 21 4.3 1949-80........................ 22 4.4 1949-80..................... 22 4.5 1949-80.................. 22 5.1 (1949 52 ).............................. 24 5.2 (1953 54 ).............................. 24 2
5.3 (1955 78 ).............................. 25 5.4 (1979 80 ).............................. 25 3
2.1 t/ha........................... 16 4
1 1 1.1 1.2 1.1: 1 1.2: 1 1 P Q 2 Ds Qs 3 0 4 1 P Q 2 Ds Qs 3 0 4 5 1.1 Q S Q E 2 1 1 1 1 5
2 1 1.1 y s >y t (1.1) y s y t t 1.2 1 3 1 D D 2 S E E 1 3 2 S S 2 D E E 3 3 S S 1 D D 1 E E 2 1 1 2 2 2 1.3 1.4 1.3 4 (P E ) ( P ) Q E Q 2 Q E Q 1 Q 2 Q 1 1.2 P E > P t (1.2) P E P t t 1.4 2 3 2 3 4 6
1.3: 2 1.4: 2 P Pu 1 P u P E 2 S S 1 E E 1 3 P u P 1 0Q 2 0P u 0Q 2 0P 1 0Q 2 P u P 1 2 1 2 2 3 1.5 1.5 1 2 (Q S Q 1 ) 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 7
1.5: 3 8
2 2.1 2.1.1 5 5 5 2.1 2.1: Q 1 Q 2 L M K B e r K 0 1 2.1 5 Q 1 = f(l, K, M, B) Q 2 = f(l, r, Q 1,K 0 ) L = f(q 1,Q 2 ) K = f(l, r, K 0 ) M = f(l, e) 9
(L) (K) (M) (B) (M) 5 (L) (r,q 1 ) (K 0 ) 1 2 1 2.1 1 10
2.2 2.2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 (Y a ) 2 1 1958 62 2 (Y a ) 2.3 2 1 1950 2 1 1980 80 2.2 2.3 1 1952 87.8 57 85.0 62 86.7 65 83.5 70 83.1 75 81.0 80 80.1 11
2.2: 2.3: 2.2.2 2.4 2.4 1 2 1997 2.4: 2.5: (L) (B) (K) (M) 2.5 2.5 1 1 12
2 1 1960 1970 1 2 (L) 1 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6 (Ba) (Bn) (IG a ) (IG n ) 1 50 2 50 70 3 50 60 4 50 1950 2.6: 2.7: 2.7 1 2 2.8 1957 63 13
2.8: 2.9 2.10 2.9 1 2 1 2.9: 2.10: 2.10 1950 14
70 70 2 2.11 2.11 (M a ) (M n ) 1 2 1960 70 2.11: 2.12 2.1 2.12 (Y a /L) (Y a /B) (B/L) 1 2 3 2.1 1980 60 70 50 60 70 15
2.12: 2.1: t/ha 1952 1.32 2.41 0.73 1.34 0.82 1.88 1957 1.46 2.69 0.86 1.43 0.79 2.09 1962 1.32 2.34 0.69 1.27 0.68 1.93 1965 1.63 2.94 1.02 1.51 0.71 1.78 1970 2.01 3.40 1.15 2.09 1.09 2.49 1975 2.35 3.51 1.64 2.54 1.03 2.60 1976 2.37 3.47 1.77 2.52 0.99 2.57 1977 2.35 3.62 1.46 2.51 1.06 2.64 1978 2.53 3.98 1.84 2.80 1.06 2.69 16
3 3.1 3.1.1 1 3 1. 2. 3. 2 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 17
3.2 3.1 1949 3.1 1970 1949 5 4 1997 12 3 48 6 9 1 3.2 1949 50 70 80 3.3 1950 60 70 18 80 3.3 1985 2 3.1: 3.2: 1 1 (90) 1990 (97) 1997 2 1984 1984 10 (1997) 134 14 1990 89 1997 69 1 3.4 2 3 2 18
3.3: 3.4: 1990 89 1997 69 1 1987 670 1997 3.5 1 1986 3.2 3.3 86 3.6 1 87 3.5: 1 3.6: 1 1995 1995 2 3.7 19
3.8 8 20 3.7: 3.8: 3 1 1986 2 1950 1970 1 75 78 2kg 80 70 80 3 80 1 20
4 4.1 4.1 4 1 1961 1979 2 3 3 4.1: 4.2: 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 3 1 2 3 4.1 4.3 2 1 1961 1979 2 21
4.3: 4.4: 4.4 4 4.5 4.5 2 1 2 1961 1979 4.5: 22
23
5 5.1 1949 52 S 0 D 0 E 0 P 0 Q 0 y S >y t 1949 1952 5.1: (1949 52 ) 5.2: (1953 54 ) 5.2 1953 54 1953 (P E ) ( P 1 ) 5.1 (P 0 ) P 1 Q 1 Q 2 Q 2 Q 1 Q S Q 2 Q S Q 1 24
D 1 Q 2 1954 55 Q 2 E 0 E 1 Q 2 5.3: (1953 78 ) 5.4: (1979 80 ) 5.3 1955 78 S 0 1 D 1 D 2 D 3 P 1 E 1 E 2 E 3 Q 4 Q S 1960 70 70 1 1958 61 5.4 1979 80 P 1 P 2 1 E 3 E 4 S 0 S 1 1 1 (P 2 ) 25
E 4 E 5 Q 4 Q S 26
[1] 19,1964 [2] J.E.,1998 [3],1982 [4],1997 [5] 1987,1988 [6] 1988,1989 [7] 1991,1992 [8],1982 [9],1997 [10],1960 [11] 7,1962 [12] 3 1,1962 [13] 18 4,1967 [14] 369 8,1976 [15] 1,1984 [16] 72 5,1984 [17],1990 [18] 1,1992 [19],1992 [20] 1999 6 22,1999 27
[21],1977 [22],,1998 [23] 3,1984 [24] 2,1992 [25] T.W.,1981 [26] W.W.,1979 [27] 1986. [28],1977 28