Shigella Shigella sonnei S. sonnei
S. sonnei Campylobacter Staphylococcus aureus S. sonnei S. boydii S. flexneri S. dysenteriae µ µµ Mse µµ Eco µ µ µ µ µ µ µmse µeco µ µ Mse Eco µ µ µ µ µeco µmse µ µ
Table1 Typingresultsforeachisolateorstrainusingcolicintyping,pulsed-fieldgelelectrophoresis,andamplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphism No. Spices Yearof Isolation Originoratthemakingof apassagedestination Colicintyping Pulsed-fieldgel electrophoresis Amplifiedfragment lengthpolymorphism 1 2 3 4 7 9 1 11 12 13 14 1 1 17 1 19 2 21 22 23 24 2 2 27 2 29 3 31 32 33 34 3 3 37 3 39 4 41 42 43 44 4 4 47 4 49 1 S.boydi S.boydi S.boydi11 S.boydi1 S.boydi13 S.flexneri S.flexneri 3a S.flexneri-93 S.dysenteriae 199 1992 1994 1994 199 199 199 1997 1997 1997 1999 1999 1999 1999 24 24 2 2 2 ATCC929 ATCC11 ATCC2929 ATCC293 ATCC2931 DomesticoutbreakinJapan SameascaseNo. SameascaseNo. SameascaseNo. SameascaseNo. SameascaseNo. SameascaseNo. SameascaseNo. SameascaseNo. SameascaseNo. andsingapore Domesticsporadicinfection Indonesia Vietnam Indonesia Singapore Egypt SouthKorea andnepal Russia China MexicoandPanama ThePhilippines BaliinIndonesia ATCC1227 ATCC122 ATCC1229 ATCC123 ATCC1232 BaliinIndonesia 2 12 9A 9A 13 1 2 3 4 4 7 9 1 11 12 13 14 1 1 17 1 19 2 21 22 23 24 2 2 23 27 2 29 3 31 32 33 34 3 3 37 3 39 4 41 1 2 3 4 7 9 1 11 12 13 14 1 1 17 1 19 2 21 22 23 24 2 2 27 2 29 3 31 32 33 34 3 3 37 3 39 4 41 42 43 44 4 4 47 4 49 1 µ µ µ Ecoµ Mse µ µ
Eco Mse S. sonnei S. boydii Eco Mse µ µ µ µ Xba S. sonnei S. sonnei S. sonnei S. sonnei S. sonnei
Fig.1 Amplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphism paternsanddendrogram of1shigelaisolates.the dendrogram wasconstructedwithfingerprinting I(BioRad)byunweightedpair-groupmethodusingaveragelinkage.ThepercentageofsimilaritycalculatedbytheDicecoeficientisshownabove thedendrogram. S. flexneri S. flexneri S. flexneri S. boydii
Table2 Evaluationoftyping Typing Typeability *1 Reproducibility *2 Discriminatorypower *3 Easeofinterpretation *4 Easeofperformance * Colicin PFGE AFLP 4.3 1. 1. NT * 92.3 1 1.9 9..93.99 1. Excelent Excelent Good Excelent Good Good *1 Proportion(%)ofstrainstypeable. *2 PercentageofsimilaritycalculatedbyDicecoeficientamongeachofthreestrainsintriplicate. *3 Simpson sindex. 14) N:totalnumberofstrainsinthesamplepopulation. N N nj nj S j S :totalnumberoftypesdescribed. nj:numberofstrainsbelongingtothejthtype. *4, * Thesejudgmentsrepresenttheviewsoftheauthors.Seethetextfordetails. * Nottested. Table3 Reproducibilityofpulsed-fieldgelelectrophoresisandamplifiedfragmentlength polymorphism ATCC929 Trial Third Pulsed-fieldgelelectrophoresis ATCC *1 929 First 1 *2 1 1 ATCC2929 First ATCC2931 First Amplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphism ATCC929 First 2..4 9. ATCC2929 First ATCC2931 First *1 AmericanTypeCultureColection. ATCC2929 Third 92.3 1 92.3 7.. 2. ATCC2931 Third 1 1 1 1.9 2. 9.4 *2 PercentageofsimilaritycalculatedbyDicecoeficient, Dicecoeficient:2n XY/(n X+n Y) n X:totalnumberofDNA fragmentsfrom isolatex. n Y:totalnumberofDNA fragmentsfrom isolatey. n XY:totalnumberofDNA fragmentsidenticalintwoisolates.
S. sonnei S. sonnei S. flexneri Shigella dysenteriae Shigella sonnei Shigella Shigella sonnei et al. Shigella sonnei et al. Campylobacter
Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella Shigella flexneri et al. Acinetobacter baumannii Legionella pneumophila Aeromonas et al. Shigella Shigella Shigella Shigella Shigella Shigella