14 ENG History of ENG and Sound Recording in Commercial Television ISHIBASHI Toru Abstract Over 50 years have already passed since the start of TV broadcasting service, and terrestrial broadcasting will be discontinued in 3 years. TV broadcasting equipments, technology, and shooting procedure have been dramatically changed in a half century; such as from film camera to ENG style shooting. Hi-Vision broadcast becomes a major trend of the broadcasting system nowadays. We should remember that Emergence of ENG is not only a shift from use of film to electricity in shooting, but also a historic and great technology reinvention in TV broadcasting. And, it had an immeasurable impact on development of TV program. (Shuichi Nakayama, April 1, 1992) The changes are also seen in audio technology. It has been shifted from 6 mm tape recording to VTR, monaural to stereo sound, and stereo sound to surround-sound system. In terms of editing, film dubbing is now changed to Sound Post Production such as MAV or MA (or in another word, Sound Sweetening) and non-linear editing. The final product is now D-2VTR, but used to be 16 mm Cinematic tape and 1 inch VTR. This report discusses how TV has been taped and edited with the times based on my experiences. Key Word: Television program, news, documentary, recording/taping, sound 503 ENG ENG 1992.4.1 6 VTR MAV MA 16 1 VTR D-2VTR 14 ENG 1
BELL&HOWELL 70DR 70DR 16 AURICON PRO600 6 NAGRAARRIFLEX BLÉCLAIRÉCLAIR ACL 16NAGRA 3 SONY KUDELSKISONY 16 ARRIFLEX 16ST NAGRA 1975 7 201976 1 18 ENG Electronic News Gathering ENG SONY 3/4 VTR 2 14 ENG
NAGRA NAGRA 1/2VTR 2 VTR 4 MAV 1 2 VTR MA MA MA MA SE M ENG SONY HDW-750 SXHDV DVCAM DV VE AC MKH-416SM-63L ECM- 77 ENG 14 ENG 3
Ch-2 ENG VE SNG FPU MA OA OA HD SX ENG PD VE 1 60 100 1 ON OFF VE TBS 4 14 ENG
NONFIXTBS BS MA CX 2 1970 6 SONY EM- 2or3 SE ÉCLAIR ACL NAGRA 4.2L MKH-415 MKH-416T 1 5000feet 7500feet NAGRA 4.2L 6 SE NAGRA 6 4 NAGRA 4.2L 14 ENG 5
SONY ECM-3 TBS VTR TBS ÉCLAIR ACL NAGRA 4.2L NAGRA 4.2L EE TBS 200feet MKH-415T 1 6 MAV 2 16 1981 ENG SONY BVP-300 3/4 U VTR BVU-50 2 2 VE 2 1 1 3 1 1 6 14 ENG
VTR VTR VTR SONY EM-3 SE AC 2 19801990 TBS 1 6 2 MA MA VE 3 1 BVP-50 BVV5 3CCD 1/2 VTR BTC-20 90 EFP-402 SENNHEISER MKH-416T 3 SONY 1 AIWA DM-D39 2 SONY TC D-5Pro C-60 30 MKH-416T TC D-5Pro VTR TC-D5pro VTR 3 2 2 4 MA MA SONY MXP-3036 PCM-3324 6 SE 14 ENG 7
MA 4 SE MA 2SE BS20021 ENG MKH-416T MKH-416T ON 3 2600 MA MA MA 8 14 ENG
OK HD 5.1 CS110 EP2006 AATON CANTER-X CUW-180 2 CS-1 CANTER-X MKH-416 MKH-416 CUW-180 120MKH-416 MKH-146 5.1 14 ENG 9
AATON CANTER-X5 80GB 5.1 DVD-RAM DVD-RAM1 AATON CANTER-X UP CANTER-X 10 14 ENG
5.1 VE 2 HD HDW-750 SX DNW-90WS BVW-400ADVCAM DSR-570 PD-150 CCD 3 4Ch 1 1 1 1 1 1 AC DC 1 TV VE 14 ENG 11
ENG ENG VE 4Ch MKH-416T ENG VE 2 2 ENG MKH-416T 1 ON 2007 9 10 PA VDA Video Distribution Amp ADA Audio Distribution Amp 12 14 ENG
VDA ADA BVW-50 BVW-50 SM-63L MKH-416 ADA ENG ADA 14 ENG 13
ENG 2 3 3 3 1 VE1 1 1 VE CCU Ch- 1 Ch-2 ENGEFPElectronic Filed production ENG EFP 3 3 VE 1 14 HD5HDV2 14 14 ENG
15 3 PC MA 2 14 14 ENG 15
VE MC AKG C-747 2 1 MC VTR ADA 16 14 ENG
ENG ENG EFP 2000 4 VTR 2 221984 1985 MC ENG MC ENG 6 SE 12Ch MKH-416T DMD-39 DAT2 SE MA ENG FPU 14 ENG 17
2006UHF ENG 1 5 CCD MC 2VTR M ME ENG PA DVCAM TD 1 4 VE 2 VTR 1 3 1 AMX12 1 EFP-402 1 KS-432 KS-6001 4ch MKH-416T 2 AKG C-747 2SM-58 1 WX-TB840 WX-RJ700 7 RJ700 5 ENG ECM-77B PA SP 2 EQ 2 18 14 ENG
LOW 2 8 8P 20m 1 4P 20m 3 2P 20m 520m 10 14 ENG 19
ENG EFP 2 424 5 7 8 3 4 EFP 1 2 VE VE VTR 8ChCSS-82L DAT MD VTR Ch1 2 VE FM MKH-416 2 3MKH-816 1 3 4 MD VTR DAT MD 2008 7 20 600 70010 1 AD 20 14 ENG
1992 2008.7.20 14 ENG 21