IPSJ SIG Techncal Report 1 2 2 (SOM, Self Organzng Maps) 7). Self-Organzng Localzaton for Wreless Sensor Networks on Ansotropc Topology Yuto Takashma, 1 Naotosh Adach 2 and Yasuhsa Takzawa 2 On wreless sensor networks, the acquston locaton of sensng data s a very mportant property. Therefore, we have proposed the self-organzng localzaton whch can estmate accurate locaton of sensor nodes wthout dstance measurement devce, and wth a few anchor nodes. On the other hand, the sensng envronment s generally composed of lne-of-slght and non-lne-of-slght on rado propagaton, and then the network topology becomes ansotropc. Accordng to the above, n ths report, the mprovement and evaluaton of the self-organzng localzaton for ansotropc network topology s descrbed. 1. Range-Base Range-Free Range-Base TDOA(Tme Dfference Of Arrval) TOA(Tme Of Arrval) GPS(Global Postonng System) 1) GPS GPS 1 Graduate School of Engneerng Kansa Unversty 2 Faculty of Envronmental and Urban Engneerng Kansa Unversty Range-Free APIT 4) DV-Hop 5) 8) SOM T.Kohonen 9) SOM (SOM ) c 2013 Informaton Processng Socety of Japan 1
IPSJ SIG Techncal Report 2. RangeBased RangeFree. 2.1 Rangebased RangeBased TDOA(Tme Dfference Of Arrval) TOA(Tme Of Arrval) TDOA TDOA Actve Bat 2) Crcket 3) TOA ( ) TOA GPS 2.2 RangeFree RangeFree Centrod 10) APIT 4) DV-Hop 5) Centrod Fg. 1 1 Locaton update wth 1 hop neghborhood node. ( ) APIT 3 DV-Hop 1 3 3 3. SOM 2 3 3.1 SOM 3 Step.1 w (t) c 2013 Informaton Processng Socety of Japan 2
IPSJ SIG Techncal Report 1 t t = 0 Step.2 1 j w j (t) d m (t) h X Y XxY m (t) m (t) w (t) V 1 (t) m (t) ( 1) V {1} (t) = d w (t) w j (t) (w (t) w j (1) w (t) w j (t) j 2 2 k d 2 k d + d 2) V {2} (t) = d + d w (t) w k (t) (w (t) w k (2) w (t) w k (t) (1)(2) 2 k d d w (t) w k (t) (2) 2 V 1 (t) w (t + 1) = w (t) + α (t) (V {1} (t) + V {2} (t τ) w (t) + α (t) (V {1} (t) + V {2} (3) (t τ, d w (t) w k (t) ) w (t) + α (t) V {1} (t) (otherwse) τ α (t) t α (t) = ηα (t 1)(0 < η < 1) (4) Fg. 2 2 2 Locaton update wth 2 hop neghborhood node. E (t) t N (t) t θ η(0 < 1) Step.3 Step.2 Step.2 Step.3 3.2 3.2.1 ( α (t) ) α (t) 1 c 2013 Informaton Processng Socety of Japan 3
IPSJ SIG Techncal Report I {2} < θ (5) N {2} I {2} N {2} 2 θ 3.2.2 3 r 3 p A A A 6 r 1x r 2x r 3x r 1y r 2y r 3y = ap 1x + bp 1y + c dp 1x + ep 1y + f ap 2x + bp 2y + c dp 2x + ep 2y + f (6) ap ( 3x + bp 3y + c ) dp 3x + ep 3y + f a b c A = d e f 4. 3 4.1 SOM 2 1 1 3 Fg. 3 Hop degree for avodance of topology nconsstency. 1( 1 ( 3) (7) T d T +1 = d (7) T + 1 4.2 3 SOM 3 w l (t) 3 k 2 V {3} (t) = 2d w (t) w l (t) (w (t) w l (8) w (t) w l (t) 2 3 1 c 2013 Informaton Processng Socety of Japan 4
IPSJ SIG Techncal Report Fg. 4 4 3 Locaton update wth 3 hop neghborhood node. 2 V 1 (t) ( 4) w (t + 1) = w (t) + α (t) (V {1} (t) + V {3} (t < τ, d w (t) w l (t) ) w (t) + α (t) (V {1} (t) + V {2} (9) (t τ, d w (t) w k (t) ) w (t) + α (t) V {1} (t) (otherwse) 5. RangeFree DV-hop SOM 5.1 1 1 3 DV-Hop 3 1 1 0.5 0.4 (0.5, 0.35), (0.5, 0.75), (1, 0.75), (1, 0.35) 3 ( / ) E D n F F = 100 n a=1 E D a (10) n M = 1 n V = 1 n =1 1 n j=1 ( 1 n ( =1 j=1 W W j R R j (11) W W j R Rj M)2 ) (12) W a R a V 0 5.2 ( 5,6) ( 7,8) 6. DV-Hop c 2013 Informaton Processng Socety of Japan 5
IPSJ SIG Techncal Report 8 DV-Hop 200 5 6 2) A.Harter A.Hopper P.Steggles A.Ward and P.Webstar : The anatomy of a context-aware moble applcatons MOBICOM1999 (1999). 3) N.Pryantha A.Mu H.Balakrshman and S.Teller : The crcket compass for context-aware moble applcatons MOBICOM2001 (2001). 4) Tan He Chengdu Huang Bran M.Blum John A.Stankovc and Tarek F.Abdelzaher : Range-free localzaton and ts mpact on large scale sensor networks ACM Transactons on Embedded Computng Systems (TECS) v.4 n.4 p.877-906 (2005). 5) D.Nculescu and B.Nath : DV-based postonng n ad hoc networks Telecommun.Syst vol.22,pp267-280 (2003). 6) : Vol.46, No.12 (2005). 7),,,, Vol.53, No.7, pp.1774 1782, (2012). 8) E.Bonabeau and F.Henaux Graph Parttonng wth Self-Ogrganzng Maps Prvate Communcaton (1998). 9) T.Kohonen Self-Organzng Maps 3rd edton Sprner (2001). 10) N.Bulusu J.Hedemann and D.Estrn : GPSless low cost outdoor localzaton for very small devces IEEE Personal Communcatons Magazne (2000). 7 SOM 200 1) B.Hofmann-Wellenhof, H.Lchtenegger, and J.Collns : Global Postonng System; Theory and Practce, 4th ed. (1997). c 2013 Informaton Processng Socety of Japan 6