1949 34.68 2,439.1 1952 52.7 5,110 57 6,428.3 1984: 125 1) 1 2006; 2006 Pepper, 1996; 2000; 2000 Thogersen, 2002 1953 73
2) 53 57 1. 政権側の教育拡大要因 3) 2 1 1997: 17 25 1951 3 1 :87 88 2 74 Vol. 55, No. 1, January 2009
1954 :292 297 1996 4) 1996: 282 283 1949 51 80 1951: 2 2. 民衆側の教育需要 1952 8 1992: 362 11 1997: 180 181 50 1959: 196 212; 1958: 146 152 1952 53 20 1953 7 3 1952 7 19 75
5) 1 1984: 1021 1030 1951: 78 83 1 1950 1 3 14 6 3 1950 50 9,069 112 9 1996: 280 281 2 2003: 70 Deng and Treiman, 1997; 2004 1 % % 1949 2,439.1 34.7 83.6 1955 5,312.6 50.4 53.8 159.4 1950 2,892.4 38.4 90.1 1956 6,346.6 52.9 62.6 174.9 1951 4,315.4 50.1 122.2 1957 6,428.3 54.7 61.7 188.4 1952 5,110.0 52.7 49.2 143.5 1958 8,640.3 77.7 80.3 225.7 1953 5,166.4 51.2 50.3 155.4 1959 9,117.9 73.7 79.3 250.3 1954 5,121.8 50.6 51.5 155.5 1984: 1021 1024 2 76 Vol. 55, No. 1, January 2009
1954 2006 1997: 185 1930 40 2004 51 1981: 135 137 2 % 1932 18,575 214 493 389,719 1949 16,332 812 1,113 395,354 1950 19,588 255 762 1,479 404,120 1951 23,090 33.6 1,714 409,167 1952 37,423 60.2 2,659 9 416,783 1953 31,378 2,944 9 425,943 1954 36,132 935 3,187 8 434,791 1955 42,799 416 62.8 1,029 3,200 8 443,294 1956 51,088 427 73.1 1,057 3,672 10 447,359 1957 47,591 3,905 11 456,286 1958 69,651 5,595 26 469,073 1959 71,023 6,531 471,198 1949 59 49 50 2003: 70 54 1955a 55 56 1955b1956 1991: 154 32 1932: 677 678 77
3. 1951 年新学制の発布 その狙いと影響 1951 52 1 51 10 52 3 1952 3 4 4 2 5 39 41 1997: 142 144 43 7 :139 54 1.3 1.5 2.7 2.9 2 1954 78 Vol. 55, No. 1, January 2009
1. 進学難 問題の発生 1953 1 1953 1997: 189 191 20 1953 3 2000: 144 1990: 174 175 1 1953 5 17 5 1983: 77 6) 1953 7 4 6 79
2 1 6 6 1 1953 1953 8 1 10 1953? 1953 8 14 2004: 78 80 1953 9 14 2. 労働教育運動の開始と展開 3 2 2004: 75 76 1953 80 Vol. 55, No. 1, January 2009
1953 7 3 1953 9 1955: 179 183 11 1955: 48 51 54 54 4 1954 4 19 5 1954 5 29 1954 3 26 1954; 1954 1955 81
1. 失敗した地域のケースから見る農民の教育観 1955 5 1954 1997: 449 451 55 4 1 6 6 4,843 1955 3 1954 3 3 3 3 1954 1,140 624 69 8 701 312 21 33 70 436 1955 1,556 869 110 11 990 429 45 28 64 566 1956 1,857 1,009 329 5 1,343 431 30 17 36 514 4,553 2,502 508 24 3,034 1,172 96 78 170 1,516 % 100 55.0 11.1 0.5 66.6 25.7 2.1 1.7 3.7 33.3 2 100 3 2 1957b 82 Vol. 55, No. 1, January 2009
1 2 1957b 3 1957b 1957a 1957b 2. 中退現象から見る農民の教育観 1955 54 8 14% 1956: 12 14 55 8 83
1955 1957a 3. 労働教育運動の継続から新たな政策転換へ 農業中学 モデルの創成とその破綻 1955 1 55 55 12 1955 12 11 1991: 533 534 2 7) 53 293 56 516 53 21 56 40 84 Vol. 55, No. 1, January 2009
1984: 966 1001 1957 1997: 727 729 55 56 1991: 485 57 3 3 1957 58 9 19 3 5 15 1997: 858 861 53 53 57 50 1957 57 2 4 5 1985 58 3 1997: 850 851 11 15 60 2,174 1960 4 8 57 1997: 858 861 8) 85
2001: 391 9) 4 6 1 1953 86 Vol. 55, No. 1, January 2009
57 1958 1 60 2003 1999; 2007 1950 87
1) 2) 1953 1950 2 53 3) 4) 1949 52 53 5) 1952 53 2004: 84 56 57 6) 6 2 4 6 7) 8) 1956 1959: 223 252 9) 1950 29 1 24.26 22.23 19 49.92 37.47 1950 10 22 110 125 110 48 40 1 7 120 5.1 0.51 1951 54 35,000 2004: 3 5 日本語 2007 2006 45 25 38 2006 50 36 52 1996 1999 2004 1997 2004 1953 710 1958 3 127 159 1959 152 252 2003 88 Vol. 55, No. 1, January 2009
中国語 1996: 259 293 2001 : 1957 6 17 21 1981: 1955 3 8 1997 1949 1975: 1954 7 5 1953 3 3 1954 7 7 1932: 1955 8 19 20 2000 : 2004 : 358 392 1985 1957 5 5 : 314 316 1953 嗎? 1953 8 22 24 1953 1953 4 12 14 1991 : 2003 : 1951: 1951 : 1954 6 4 5 1955 8 21 26 2004 20 2004 4 36 43 2000: 1990 4 : 1991 5 : 1992 3 : 1984: 1951 : 19551953: 19561955: 1983: 1953 3 23 195024 26 19541954 24 40 1955a 24 44 1955b1955 24 56 19561956 24 64 1957a 24 69 89
1957b 24 69 英語 Deng, Zhong and Treiman, Donald (1997), The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on Trends in Educational Attainment in the People s Republic of China, American Journal of Sociology, 103(2), pp. 391 428. Pepper, Sussane (1996), Radicalism and Education Reform in 20th Century China: the Search for an Ideal Development Model, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thogersen, Stig (2002), A County of Culture: Twentieth-Century China Seen from the Village Schools of Zouping, Shandong, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press E-mail: osawa@toyo-bunko.or.jp 90 Vol. 55, No. 1, January 2009