2012 1 2 2 2 2.1...................................... 2 2.2............................................. 4 2.3................................. 9 2.4........................................ 9 3 10 3.1............................................. 11 3.2............................................. 14 4 15 4.1............................... 15 4.2............................................. 16 5 17 5.1............................................. 17 5.2............................................ 19 6 21 6.1............................................. 21 6.2......................................... 22 6.3............................................. 25 7 28 7.1......................................... 28 7.2............................................ 30 8 32 minao.kukita@gmail.com 1
9 33 1 2012 1.1. 1.2. JR 1.1 1.2 A B B A 1.2 1.1 2 2.1 2
3 3 A B A B B A 2.1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 3
(6) (7) (8) 20 20 2.2. (a) (b) (A)-(D) (A): (a) (b) (B): (a) (b) (C): (a) (b) (D): (a) (b) (1) (a) (b) (2) (a) 20 (b) (3) (a) (b) (4) x, y (a) x < y + 1 (b) x y (5) x, y (a) x < y + 1 (b) x y 2.2 deduction 4
2.2.1 10 10 *1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 1 *1 A B A B 5
1 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.2.8 6
2.2.9 (1) (2) (1) (2) I don t like either tea or coffee. I don t like tea and I don t like coffee either. 2.2.10 7
2.2.11 2.3. (1) (p1) (p2) (p3) (p4) (c1) (c2) (c3) (c4) (2) (p1) (p2) (p3) (p4) (c1) (c2) (c3) (c4) 2.4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 8
2.3 3 2.4 9
René Descartes 1596-1690 384- Gottlob Frege 1848-1925 Bertrand Russell, 1872-1970 L E J L. E. J. Brouwer 1881-1966 C I C. I. Lewis 1883-1964 Graham Priest 1948-3 *2 *2 10
*3 3.1 1. 2. 3. 4. 3.1. 3.1.1 *4 3.1 *3 *4 3.2 11
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A B B A A B A A 3.1 0 1 2 2 3 4 3.1.4 0 0 1 1 3.1 3.1. (1) (2) (3) (4) 13
(5) 3.2 18 20 18 20 18 20 18 20 18 3.2. (1) (2) 14
3.3. (1) (2) 4 4.1 4.1. (1) 2009 (2) (3) OS 15
4.2. PROSPECTUS 8 1. 2. 3. 4.2 4.3. A B 16
2006 1. 50 2. 40 3. 40 4. 60 5. 5 5.1 5.1.1 17
60 60 60 60 5.1.2 5.1.3 18
5.1.4 5.1.5 2 2 2 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.1. 5.2. 19
5.2.3 5.3. 5.2.4 5.4. 5.2.5 5.5. 5.1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 20
A B A B A B A B (8) (9) 6 6.1 analogy induction abduction A B extrapolation A B A B 21
*5 (1) (2) (3) (1)(2) (3) (2)(3) (1) (1)(3) (2) (1) (3) (2) H B H P P H P H B P H B H B P 6.2 *5 2008 22
2 A P B P A B A B *6 A B A B A B P 6.1. (1) *6 23
(2) (3) 6.2. (1) 10 A (2) 10 16 (3) (4) 6.3. 1 100 10 24
9 1992 1. 2. 3. 6.3 6.3.1 P Q 1. P Q 2. Q P 3. C P Q 25
3 1000 2000 [ /110] *7 *7 26
P Q P Q P 6.4. (1) (2) 10km 6.5. 1671 1871 16 27.5 16 52 16 62 1. 2. 3. 1 2 6.6. D D (1) D 27
(2) D 7 7.1 A B s B s A B A A 1 A 2... A n B A k s B s A k 28
*8 e e p q p e Re f f(p, q) f(p, q) p q pq B e 1, e 2,..., e n e i p i q i B e i f(p, q) p q 30 1/20 200 10 1/2 20 P (1 P ) 10 + (1 P ) (1/2) 20 = 20 20P P 30 + P (1/20) 200 = 40P 1/3 1/3 - - *8 3 2008 TBS 2000 29
- 7.2 A, B 10000 A B A B A B A B A 9999 1 B B 0 A B A 1 A A B 1 A B A B A A A A 1 B B 30
2 4 1 1 4 3 1 A 9999 1 2 1 4 3 1 2 1 4 3 3 2 31
7.1. (1) (2) 2 k 2 k (3) 500 300-500 -5000 20 70 9 1 A B A 100 B 10 200 (a)(b) (a) A B (b) A B 8 100 32
9 33
*9 60 30 40 5 In God We Trust 1 2 *9 P. J. 2008 10 pp 60-66 34