: ( ) : (IIJ) : 2003 4 ( ) IPv6 IIJ SEIL DS-Lite JANOG Softwire wg / Interop Tokyo 2013 IIJ SEIL MAP-E 2
IPv4aaS 3
4
IPv4aaS 5
IPv4 1990 IPv4 IPv4 32 IPv4 2 = 42 = IP IPv6 6
IPv6 1998 IPv6 (RFC2460) ICMP6, DHCPv6, OSPFv3, VRRPv3 IPv6 IPv4 7
IPv4? 2011 2 IANA IPv4 IPv4 IPv4 8
IPv4 https://www.nic.ad.jp/timeline/20th/chapter6.html 9
IPv4 IANA 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 APNIC 202.0.0.0/8 JPNIC 202.232.0.0/14 IIJ 202.232.0.0/20 10
IPv4 = IANA 2011/2/3 APNIC 2011/4/15 JPNIC 2011/4/15 IIJ - 11
IPv4 = 12
IPv4 13
IPv4 14
IPv4 IP = $$$ IPv4 15
IPv4 16
IPv4 http://www.ipv4auctions.com/previous_auctions/ 17
IPv4 = IPv4??? 18
IPv4 : NAT NAT (Network Address Translation) IP 1/10 1/1000 19
NAT (Network Address Translation) 192.168.0.1 PC 192.168.0.2 N PC A T PC (translation) 203.0.113.1 198.51.100.1 192.168.0.3 20
NAT NAT (src) (src) (dst) 192.168.0.1 : 3333 203.0.113.1 : 55555 198.51.100.1 : 80 192.168.0.2 : 12345 203.0.113.1 : 55556 198.51.100.1 : 443 192.168.0.3 : 3333 203.0.113.1 : 55557 198.51.100.1 : 80 21
NAT 192.168.0.1 203.0.113.1 198.51.100.1 N PC A T IPv4 TCP HTTP IPv4* TCP* HTTP src ip = 192.168.0.1 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 3333 dst port = 80 GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: NAT src ip = 203.0.113.1 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 55555 dst port = 80 GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: 22
NAT NAT? 1 1? 23
CGN CGN (Carrier Grade NAT) LSN (Large Scale NAT) NAT NAT CGN NAT 24
CGN = NAT 25
UPnP UPnP NAT NAT 1 NAT 1. 2. 26
NAT 192.168.0.1 A??? 203.0.113.1 192.168.0.2 N B A T 192.168.0.3 C 198.51.100.1 27
IP / CGN IP IP 28
IPv4 IPv4 / IPv4 > IPv6 29
IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 IPv4 IPv4/IPv6 IPv6 IPv6 IPv6 30
IPv6 1998 2013 2016 IPv4 IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 31
IPv6 IPv6 ( / /etc) NAT IPv4 32
IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 33
IPv6 : IPv6 ISP Windows/iOS 34
: = IPv4 / IPv6 = IPv4 / IPv6 = IPv4 / IPv6 DNS IPv4 / IPv6 35
IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 36
IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 as a Service 37
IPv4 as a Service IPv4 IPv6 / IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 only IPv4 CGN 38
IPv4aaS 39
IPv4 as a Service IPv4 IPv6 / IPv6 IPv4 40
IPv4 as a Service IPIP / GRE L2TPv2 DS-Lite 4v6 IVI / divi 464XLAT public 4over6 SAM / 4rd lightweight 4over6 MAP-E MAP-T 4rd-U 41
IPv4 as a Service DS-Lite MAP-E MAP-T ) 464XLAT ) 42
IPv4 as a Service IPv6 IPv4 vs NAT 43
IPv4 as a Service N/W /ISP N/W Internet CPE IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 44
IPv4aaS CPE CPE DS-Lite B4 AFTR MAP-E CE BR MAP-T CE BR 464XLAT CLAT PLAT 45
IPv4 / IPv6 203.0.113.0/24 ISP 198.51.100.1 192.168.0.0/24 2001:db8::/32 IPv6 46
1. vs 47
1: IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 IPv6 1) 2) 48
IP IP IPv4 IPv4 TCP HTTP Content IPv4 over IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 TCP HTTP Content 49
IPv4 over IPsec = IP VPN VXLAN = Ethernet IP GTP = IP 50
IPv4 over IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 CPE IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 4 TCP 6 4 TCP 4 TCP 51
( ) IPv6 over IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 over IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 TCP HTTP Content 6to4, 6rd, IPIP 52
IPv4 IP (40 ) MTU 53
IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 TCP HTTP Content IPv6 TCP HTTP Content 54
IPv4 / IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 CPE IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 4 TCP 6 TCP* 4 TCP 55
IPv4 RFC791 Section 3.1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Version IHL Type of Service Total Length +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Identification Flags Fragment Offset +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Source Address +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Destination Address +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Options Padding +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 56
IPv6 RFC2460 Section 3. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Version Traffic Class Flow Label +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + + Source Address + + + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + + Destination Address + + + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 57
(TCP/UDP/ ) TCP / UDP IP Source Address Destination Address 58
IPv6 40 (IPv6 ) - 20 (IPv4 ) = 20 59
IPv6 : IPv6 / IPv4 only IPv4 IPv4 IPv4 IPv4/IPv6 IPv6 IPv6 IPv6 60
NAT64 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 CPE IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 6 TCP 6 TCP 4 TCP* IPv6 IPv4 61
2. NAT 62
2: NAT / NAT IPv4 NAT 63
CPE NAT CPE N A T IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 4 TCP 6 4* TCP 4* TCP NAT 64
ISP NAT CPE IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 N A T 4 TCP 6 4 TCP 4* TCP NAT 65
IPv4aaS ISP NAT DS-Lite 464XLAT CPE NAT MAP-E MAP-T 66
IPv4aaS 67
IPv4aaS 1: DS-Lite 68
DS-Lite ISP NAT DS-Lite 464XLAT CPE NAT MAP-E MAP-T 69
DS-Lite RFC6333 : Dual-Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4 Exhaustion (2011/8) RFC7084, Broadband Forum TR-124/TR-242 70
IIJmio FiberAccess/NF 71
DS-Lite IPv4 over IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 ISP NAT CPE IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 N A T 4 TCP 6 4 TCP 4* TCP* 72 NAT
DS-Lite CPE IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 N A T 4 TCP 6 4 TCP 4* TCP* NAT src ip = 2001:db8:a:1234::1 dst ip = 2001:db8::1 src ip = 192.168.0.1 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 3333 dst port = 80 src ip = 192.168.0.1 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 3333 dst port = 80 src ip = 203.0.113.1 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 55555 dst port = 80 73
DS-Lite NAT NAT IPv6 IPv6 (src) (src) (src) (dst) 2001:db8:a:1234::1 192.168.0.1 : 3333 203.0.113.1 : 55555 198.51.100.1 : 80 2001:db8:a:2345::2 192.168.0.1 : 3333 203.0.113.1 : 55556 198.51.100.1 : 443 2001:db8:a:3456::3 192.168.0.3 : 12345 203.0.113.1 : 55557 198.51.100.1 : 80 74
DS-Lite CPE ISP / etc. 75
IPv4aaS 2: MAP-E 76
MAP-E ISP NAT DS-Lite 464XLAT CPE NAT MAP-E MAP-T 77
MAP-E RFC7597 : Mapping of Address and Port with Encapsulation (MAP-E) NAT CPE 78
Biglobe Wi-Fi x http://support.biglobe.ne.jp/premium/ 79
Biglobe Wi-Fi x http://support.biglobe.ne.jp/premium/ 80
MAP-E CPE NAT IPv4 CPE NAT IPv6 ISP IPv6 CPE N A T IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 4 TCP 6 4* TCP* 4* TCP* NAT 81
MAP-E CPE NAT CPE NAT IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 + 82
IPv4 203.0.113.1 0 16383 CPE A 203.0.113.1 IPv4 203.0.113.1 16384 32767 CPE B IPv4 203.0.113.1 32768 49151 CPE C IPv4 203.0.113.1 49152 65535 CPE D 83
MAP-E IPv6 IPv4 + Mapping Rule Rule IPv6 Prefix 2001:db8:a::/48 Rule IPv4 Prefix 203.0.113.0/24 Rule EA-bit length 16 (bits) PSID length 8 (bits) PSID offset 6 (bits) 84
MAP-E IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 = 2001:db8:a:1234::/64 1234 16 12 16 34 16 00110100 2 18 10 xxxxxx00110100yy 2 IPv4 = 203.0.113.18, Ports = 1232,1233,,64723 85 xxxxxx = 000001, 000010,, 111111 yy = 00, 01, 10, 11
MAP-E IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 = 2001:db8:a:1234::/64 1234 16 12 16 34 16 IPv4 = 203.0.113.18 cb 00 71 12 16 IPv6 = 2001:db8:a:1234:0:cb00:7112:34 86
MAP-E CPE N A T IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 4 TCP 6 4* TCP* 4* TCP* NAT src ip = 2001:db8:a:1234::cb00:7112:34 dst ip = 2001:db8::1 src ip = 192.168.0.1 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 3333 dst port = 80 src ip = 203.0.113.18 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 1232 dst port = 80 src ip = 203.0.113.18 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 1232 dst port = 80 87
MAP-E ISP NAT CPE IPv4 IPv6 88
IPv4aaS 3: MAP-T 89
MAP-T ISP NAT DS-Lite 464XLAT CPE NAT MAP-E MAP-T 90
MAP-T RFC7599 : Mapping of Address and Port using Translation (MAP-T) MAP-E 91
MAP-T CPE NAT IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 CPE NAT IPv6 ISP IPv4 CPE N A T IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 4 TCP 6* TCP* 4* TCP* NAT/IPv4!IPv6 92 IPv6!IPv4
MAP-T CPE N A T IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 4 TCP 6* TCP* 4* TCP* NAT/IPv4!IPv6 IPv6!IPv4 src ip = 192.168.0.1 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 3333 dst port = 80 src ip = 2001:db8:a:1234::cb00:7112:34 dst ip = 2001:db8:ffff::c633:6401 src port = 1232 dst port = 80 src ip = 203.0.113.18 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 1232 dst port = 80 198 51 100 1 10 = c6 33 64 01 16 93
MAP-T MAP-E / IPv6 94
IPv4aaS 4: 464XLAT 95
464XLAT ISP NAT DS-Lite 464XLAT CPE NAT MAP-E MAP-T 96
464XLAT RFC6877 : 464XLAT: Combination of Stateful and Stateless Translation IPv4aaS 97
464XLAT IPv4 CPE IPv4 IPv6 ISP IPv6 IPv4 NAT ISP NAT64 CPE IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 N A T 4 TCP 6 TCP 4* TCP* IPv4!IPv6 IPv6!IPv4/NAT 98
464XLAT CPE IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 N A T 4 TCP 6 TCP 4* TCP* IPv4!IPv6 IPv6!IPv4/NAT src ip = 192.168.0.1 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 3333 dst port = 80 src ip = 2001:db8:a:1234::c0a8:0001 dst ip = 2001:db8::c633:6401 src port = 3333 dst port = 80 src ip = 203.0.113.18 dst ip = 198.51.100.1 src port = 55555 dst port = 80 192 168 0 1 10 = c0 a8 00 01 16 99
464XLAT IPv4aaS CPE ISP NAT64 Android OS 100
101
IPv4aaS IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 NAT DS-Lite, MAP-E, MAP-T, 464XLAT 4 102