Vol. 44 No. SIG 12(TOD 19) Sep. 2003 MF MF MF Content Protection Mechanism Based on Media Framework and an Implementation for Autonomous Information Container Takehito Abe, Noburou Taniguchi, Kunihiro Moriga, Osamu Shionoiri and Norihiko Sakurai Recently, there are emerging needs for technology to protect valuable digital content from unfair use in networked information sharing environment. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for content protection based on media framework (MF). We discuss features of MF and define an abstract model of it. Then we analyze the model and propose several content protection techniques that exploit extensibility of MF. In addition, we present a method to apply the techniques for autonomous information container (AIC). Prototype implementation of AIC supporting MF content protection mechanism showed feasibility of the proposed method. 1. DSL Microsoft Windows MacOS Direct- Show 1) QuickTime 2) MF MF API NTT NTT Cyber Solutions Laboratories NTT NTT Information Sharing Platform Laboratories 3) 5) MF Matryoshka 6) 8) 9),10) 64
Vol. 44 No. SIG 12(TOD 19) 65 MF MF MF MF 2 MF MF 3 MF 4 MF 2. MF 2.1 MF MF API MF Microsoft DirectShow Sun Microsystems Java Media Framework 11) Apple QuickTime MF API MF (1) ( 2 ) MPEG-1 AVI DV Encode/Decode Multiplex/ Demultiplex (3) (4) MF MF Codec: Encoder/Decoder MF 2.2 MF Abstract Media Framework AMF MF MF MF Abstract Media Framework AMF AMF 1 Media Resource Source Object Media Resource Processor Multiplexer Mux /Demultiplexer DemuxEncoder/Decoder Renderer Processor Output Device 1 Fig. 1 Abstract media framework (AMF).
66 Sep. 2003 2 DirectShow Fig. 2 DirectShow. 3 Java Media Framework Fig. 3 Java Media Framework (JMF). Output Device MF Media Resource Source Object Processor Processor Renderer Output Device MF AMF 2 Microsoft DirectShow Source Filter Transform Filter Transform Filter Mux/Demux α Renderer Filter AMF Source Filter Source Object Transform Filter Processor Renderer Filter Renderer AMF 3 Sun Microsystems Java Media Framework JMF JMF Capture Device Media Locator Data Source Processor Data Source AMF Media Locator Media Resource Data Source Source Object Processor Processor Renderer Audio/Video Renderer JMF Java Component Data Sink Renderer 2.3 AMF MF MF AMF Media Resource 1 AMF AMF 3 Source Object Processor Renderer (1) Source Object S Source Object Processor Processor Source Object (2) Processor PC PP Processor MF 4 Processor Processor Source Object
Vol. 44 No. SIG 12(TOD 19) 67 4 AMF Processor Fig. 4 Processor in AMF. Demultiplexer Demux Codec Multiplexer Mux Renderer Codec Processor Codec PC PP 2 PC Demux Renderer Codec PP Demux Codec PC Plug-in (3) Renderer R Renderer Processor 1 Processor Processor 12) R Output Device 2.4 MF MF af a MF MF MF b MF MF MF S PP R PC c MF S R PP PC d S PP
68 Sep. 2003 Demux PC R e S PP d MPEG-2 MPEG-2 Transport Stream MPEG2-TS Program Stream MPEG2-PS Video Stream Audio Stream MPEG-2 PC R f MF MF MF MF MF MF MF MF MF OS MF MF MF MF OS VM Virtual Machine MF MF MF MF S PP PC R S Processor R MF 1 MF 1 Audio/Video b c PC MF R
Vol. 44 No. SIG 12(TOD 19) 69 Table 1 1 Evaluation of content protection techniques. a b c d e f Source Object Processor Codec Plug-in Renderer a MF Fig. 5 5 Autonomous information container. b MF c d e f MF OS MF b c d e MF S PP d PP 6 MF Fig. 6 Autonomous information container based on Media Framework. 3. MF 3.1 MF 5 MF 6 MF 2.4 MF MF UI 2 1 Source Object 1
70 Sep. 2003 Source Object Source Object 2 PC PP R Processor/Renderer Processor MF S Source Object 3.2 5 Matryoshka Matryoshka MPEG Audio Layer3 MP3 Bitmap BMP JPEG Text MF MF MF 7 S Fig. 7 Autonomous information container based on S- type content protection method. S 7 PC R PC MF MF MF 2.4 f MF MF MF 4. MF 4.1 JMF 4.1.1 JMF 2 AMF MF JMF MF 2.4 S PP 3.2 Source Object 2 J-Capsule J-Capsule(A) PP Demux-Codec J-Capsule(B) S 8 J-Capsule
Vol. 44 No. SIG 12(TOD 19) 71 9 JMF Player Fig. 9 Data flow of Player module in JMF. Player JMF Processor J-Capsule (A) JMF 8 JMF Fig. 8 Autonomous information container based on JMF. Java Java Java Archive JAR Java Java Virtual Machine JavaVM JAR 1 9 JMF Player JMF Player Codec Codec Input Buffer JMF Buffer Player Buffer Player 9 J-Capsule (B) Player Data Source 4.1.2 JMF J-Capsule (A) J-Capsule (B) Media Format MPEG-1 System Video 320x240 30fps Audio Layer-II 44 khz Joint-Stereo 112 kbps File Size 5111 KB34 sec Pentium III 933 MHz Windows2000 Pentium II 400 MHz Windows98SE J-Capsule (A) J-Capsule (B) J-Capsule (A) PP S Demux
72 Sep. 2003 J-Capsule (B) Java JMF J-Capsule (B) Data Source Player JMF Player Renderer Java JavaVM Java MPEG-1 QuickTime Movie Video H263 Audio ULAW J-Capsule (B) Windows Linux Solaris MacOS X JMF 4.2 DirectShow MF DirectShow Windows OLE S JMF DirectShow Windows MF OS 6 Mbps MPEG-2 MF Windows Windows 5. MF MF MF 4 MF JMF DirectShow MF MF MPEG- 4/21 13) 1) http://www.microsoft.com/japan/msdn/ library/default.asp?url=/japan/msdn/library/ ja/jpdx8 c/ds/default.asp 2) http://developer.apple.com/quicktime/ 3) ID EIP-11, pp.1 4 (2000). 4) Proc. Advanced Database Symposium (ADBS 97), pp.1 8 (1997). 5) DAWN2001 2001 S2-3, pp.415 418 (2001). 6) Matryoshka DICOMO 99 p.207 (1999). 7) Matryoshka DPS 97-18, pp.99 104 (2000). 8) Java
Vol. 44 No. SIG 12(TOD 19) 73 pp.229 234 (2000). 9) Kidawara, Y., Tanaka, K. and Uehara, K.: Encapsulating Multimedia Contents and A Copyright Protection Mechanism into Distributed Objects, Proc. 8th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 97 ), pp.293 302 (1997). 10) Payette, S. and Lagoze, C.: Flexible and Extensible Digital Object and Repository Architecture (FEDORA), Proc. 2nd European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, pp.41 59 (1998). 11) http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/ jmf/ 12) Fujii, H., Taniguchi, N. and Yamanaka, Y.: Scrambling Digital Image for Distribution Through Network, Proc. PTC 96, p.447 (1996). 13) http://www.cselt.it/mpeg/ ( 14 12 27 ) ( 15 6 10 ) 1992 1994 NTT 1991 1993 NTT 1986 NTT 1993 1995 NTT 1979 NTT