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1 Vol. 49 No (June 2008) RFID 1 2 RFID RFID RFID MHz RFID A Experimental Study for Measuring Human Activities in A Bathroom Using RFID Ryo Onishi 1 and Shigeyuki Hirai 2 A bathroom is one of the spaces we use everyday. There are some applications in a bathroom, for instance, healthcare, relaxation, security for bathing accidents. Our research is focusing on a bathroom toward a smarthome as an ubiquitous computing environment, and we have made some bath systems with a bathtub. For completing a bathroom as a ubiquitous environment, we propose a method which measure bather s actions by items equipped RFIDs read from outside of bathroom. This paper describes fundamental experiments for responses and functions of RFID, and for time intervals that people have or hold items in a bathroom. This paper also describes investigations for the availability of RFID in a bathroom. According to result of experiments, MHz RFID with anti-collision function is basically possible to apply for our purpose, and some issues are cleared. 1. 1) 3) 4) RFID 5) 8) 9) 11) ) 1 Division of Science, Graduate School of Kyoto Sangyo University 2 Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University 1932 c 2008 Information Processing Society of Japan

There are some applications in a bathroom, for instance, healthcare, relaxation, security for bathing accidents.

2 1933 RFID RFID RFID RFID RFID RFID RFID RFID 2 RFID 3 RFID 4 RFID 5 6 RFID 7 2. RFID 9) 10) 11) 12) RFID RFID RFID ID 12) RFID Weiser 4) RFID 2 1 RFID 2 1 RFID RFID 6),7) RFID RFID 17) RFID 2 RFID

3 1934 RFID RFID YAMAHA AX RFID RFID khz MHz MHz ISO Welcat EFG Texas Instruments khz Texas Instruments S Fig. 1 The bathroom for experiments. 2 RFID MHz Fig. 2 RFID reader for experiments (13.56 MHz). S EFG S2000 S2000 EFG

2 khz Texas Instruments S2000 4 5 1 Fig. 1 The bathroom for experiments. 2 RFID 13.

4 1935 RFID Fig. 3 3 RFID 10 RFID tags for experiments. a) Square type, b) Rectangular type. Fig. 6 6 a) b) c) d) e) Bath tools equipped RFID tag. a) Washbowl, b) Soap dish, c) Shampoo bottle, d) Shower head, e) Chair. 4 RFID khz Fig. 4 RFID reader for experiments (134.2 khz). 5 RFID 10 a) b) Fig. 5 RFID tags for experiments (134.2 khz). a) Card type, b) Glass type ) RFID PC CPU: Core 2 Duo/2.13 GHz OS: WindowsXP 2GB S EFG RS232C C++ 7 ID ID 7 ON/OFF

4 RFID reader for experiments (134.2 khz). 5 RFID 10 a) b) Fig. 5 RFID tags for experiments (134.2 khz). a) Card type, b) Glass type.

5 1936 RFID 4. 3 PC ID PC khz RFID S ms 144 ms khz RFID 150 ms RFID 7 Fig. 7 Software for measuring bathing activities. ID ID ID MHz RFID EFG ms 3 5

6 1937 RFID 10 Fig. 10 Arrangement of tags. 8 Fig khz Response time of khz tags MHz Fig. 11 Response time of MHz tags with/without water (Arranged tags) MHz Fig. 9 Response time of plural MHz tags simultaneously ms MHz RFID EFG mm RFID MHz 1cm 2cm

56 MHz tags with/without water (Arranged tags). 9 13.56 MHz Fig.

7 1938 RFID 600 ms 1 2cm 2 1,200 ms MHz Fig. 12 Response time of MHz tags with/without water (Random arranged tags). 400 ms khz RFID 150 ms MHz ,000 ms 4 RFID 600 ms

400 ms 500 12 10 12 11 12 11 12 12 4.4 4.1 134.2 khz RFID 150 ms 1 4.2 4.3 13.

8 1939 RFID 1 Table 1 Items and actions ,249 ms 430 ms ) RFID 13 Fig. 13 Durations of using items. 1,200 ms b) b) c) 2,000 ms 600 ms RFID khz RFID 1 RFID 150 ms

9 1940 RFID MHz MHz RFID mm 600 ms 600 ms 4 1 RFID 3 3 RFID khz RFID RFID MHz RFID UHF 17) KILL RFID 5 RFID RFID 7. RFID RFID MHz RFID

10 1941 RFID 14) 16) 12) B ) Vol.27, pp.8 17 (2000). 2) Vol.2004, No.40, pp (2004). 3) DII Vol.J87-D2, No.11, pp (2004). 4) Weiser, M.: The Computer for The Twenty-First Century, Sci. Am., pp (1991). 5) Kidd, C.D., Orr, R.J., Abowd, G.D., Atkeson, G., Essa, I.A., MacIntyre, B., Mynatt, E., Starner, T. and Newstetter, W.: The Aware Home: A Living Laboratory for Ubiquitous Computing Reaserch, Proc. 2nd International Workshop on Cooperative Buildings, CoBuild 99 (1999). 6) RDF KBSE, Vol.104, No.725, pp (2005). 7) IE, Vol.106, No.608, pp (2007). 8) Aghajan, H., Augusto, J., Wu, C., McCullagh, P. and Walkden, J.: Distributed Vision-Based Accident Management for Assisted Living, ICOST 2007, pp (2007). 9) Vol.33, No.3, pp (2001). 10) FG Vol.J89-D, No.5, pp (2006). 11) E Vol.126, No.12, pp (2006). 12) Vol.6, No.3, pp (2004). 13) RFID 2007-UBI-14, pp (2007). 14) AI Vol.105, No.224, pp (2005). 15) HMM Vol.J85-D-II, No.7, pp (2002). 16) Vol.9, No.1, pp (2007). 17) RFID policy/tag/index.html ( ) ( ) 2007 RFID KRI ACM

: The Aware Home: A Living Laboratory for Ubiquitous Computing Reaserch, Proc. 2nd International Workshop on Cooperative Buildings, CoBuild 99 (1999). 6) RDF KBSE, Vol.104, No.725, pp.31 36 (2005).

258 5) GPS 1 GPS 6) GPS DP 7) 8) 10) GPS GPS 2 3 4 5 2. 2.1 3 1) GPS Global Positioning System

258 5) GPS 1 GPS 6) GPS DP 7) 8) 10) GPS GPS 2 3 4 5 2. 2.1 3 1) GPS Global Positioning System Vol. 52 No. 1 257 268 (Jan. 2011) 1 2, 1 1 measurement. In this paper, a dynamic road map making system is proposed. The proposition system uses probe-cars which has an in-vehicle camera and a GPS receiver.