Problem-based Learning
PBL
* 1 * 2 * 1 Problem-based Learning Project-based Learning * 2 1
15 2
reflection self-directed learning (PBL-tutorial) (Task-based Learning, Project-based Learning) 11 3
4 (Theoretical learning) (Problem-orientated learning) (Problem-assisted learning) (Problem-solving learning) (Problem-focused learning) (Problem-initiated
learning) (Problem-centred learning) (problem-based learning) (-tutorial) (Task-based learning, Project-based learning) Harden and Davis [6] 5
1. 2. 3. 4. * 3 1. 2. 2 * 3 6
7
8
Guiding Question 9
TA Guiding Question Guiding Question 10
Guiding Question 11
[8] 12
1 2 3 5 Topic:... Learning Objectives : Resources : () 1. 2. 3. (35 ) 3 3 1 HIV HIV HIV... HIV HIV Key Words HIV()HIV HIV HIV HIV HIV HIV 13
1 ()35 1... HIV... 1 3 Guiding Question 1. 2.HIV 2 38 HIV HIV (26 ) HIV 1 HIV Guiding Question 1.HIV HIV 2. 3. (... ) 14
3 32 ()3 () 3 2......... Guiding Question 1. HIV 2. 3. ()35 32 () 3 ( ) 3 5 3 1 7 10 1...... HIV HIV 1...23 1... 15
HIV 1 HIV HAART() 2 (26 ) HIV HIV HIV...... HIV HIV 1... HIV HIV HAART 1... 16
17
15 45 2550 18
15 45 2550 19
310 6973 8 30 12 6971 hedc@ab.mie-u.ac.jp 20
Rubin and Farber, Pathology, 3, Lippincott-Raven, 1999 Nussbaum, McInnes, Willard, Genetics in Medicine, 6, Saunders, 2001 850851 Rubin and Farber, Essential Pathology, 3, Lippincott-Raven, 2000 Damjanov and Rubin, Review of Pathology, Lippincott-Raven, 2000 Damjanov, Histopathology, A Color Atlas and Textbook, Williams and Wilkins,1996 Cotran, Kumar and Robbins, Pathologic Basis of Disease,, W.B. Saunders, 1999 Kumar, Cotran, Robbins, Basic Pathology,, W.B. Saunders, 2002 1. A. B. C. 2. 5,000 10,000 Rubin and Farber, Pathology,, 1999 80 Rubin, Essential Pathology Robbins Basic Pathology 21
3. The Merck Manual Harrison s Internal Medicine The Merck Manual Harrison s Internal Medicine 4. (General Pathology) (Systemic Pathology) 10 Problem-Based Learning Program 810 810 self-directed learning: SDL 22
(bio-psycho-social approach) 5 Moodle Moodle Moodle A L 851 M Z 851 34 8 30 23 2 3 23
10 10 2 3 (Pathology Honor Society) (Association of Pathology Chairmen) 911 100 20 20 2 S.Y. 5 850 100 EMQextended matching questions 15 90 8985 8480 7975 74.5 10 90 24
25
26
N 27
* 4 * 4 910 18 28
1 1 29
30
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. e-mail [9] A3 Moodle 31
Ideas Facts Learning Issues Action Plan 32
33
1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 34
1. 2. 3. 4. Westberg and Jason [7] 35
36
37
Westberg and Jason [7] 4,5,6,7 38
Barrows [1] T S T T S T T S T S T 39
T S T S T T S T S T S T S T S T 40
T S T S T S T T S T S T S T T S T S T S T S 41
T T S T S T S T S T S T S T S T S T S T Barrows [1] 42
*5 5 43
44
45
46
Challis [2] 47
TA TA TA TA 48
Challis [2] 49
50
[1] Barrows, H. (1988) The Tutorial Process, Revised Edition, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. [2] Challis, M. (1999) Portfolio-based Learning and Assessment in Medical Education, Medical Teacher, vol.21, no.4, pp.370-386. [3] David, F., Davis, M., Harden, R., Howie, P., Ker, J. and Pippard, M. (2001) AMEE Medical Education Guide no.24: Portfolios as a Method of Student Assessment, Medical Teacher, vol.23, no.6, pp.535-551. [4] Davis, M., David, F. Harden, R., Howie, J., Ker, J., Mcghee, C., Pippard, M. and Snadden, D. (2001) Portfolio Assessment in Medical Students Final Examinations, Medical Teacher, vol.23, no.4, pp.357-366. [5] Dent, J. and Harden, R. (2005) A Practical Guide for Medical Teachers, Elsevier. [6] Harden, R. and Davis, M. (1998) The continuum of problem-based learning, Medical Teacher, vol.20, no.4, pp.317-322. [7] Westberg, J. and Jason, H. (1996) Fostering Learning in Small Groups, Springer Publishing. [8] 2006Problem-based Learning [9] http://www.samford.edu/ctls/problem_based_learning.html [10] http://www.udel.edu/pbl/ [11] http://www.udel.edu/pbl/problems/ [12] http://www.fhs.mcmaster.ca/pbls/writing/contents.htm [13] https://chico.nss.udel.edu/pbl/ [14] http://www.hedc.mie-u.ac.jp/scenario/ 51
Problem-based Learning 2007 6 1 52