SA46T:IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 APNIC RIR IPv4 IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 only IPv4 SA46T SA46T 2 (1) IPv4 IPv6 (2) IPv6 IPv4 4.3 IPv4 IPv6 LAN SA46T SA46T SA46T IPv6 IPv4 IPv4-IPv6 IPv4 SA46T: Encapsulation Technology which enable both transition to IPv6 and IPv4 continuous use Naoki Matsuhira Fujitsu Limited Exhaustion of IPv4 addresses at RIRs such as APNIC became real, exhaustion of IPv4 addresses at provider will become real soon. After the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, IPv6 only situation will be a natural thing. Based on such situation of IPv4 addresses exhaustion, encapsulation technology called SA46T is proposed. Following two points are the essences of SA46T. (1) By mapping the locator and identifier relationship of IPv4 address directory to the IPv6 address space, then solves the issue of number of configurations of existing encapsulation technology. (2) By adding the identifier of IPv4 network to locator part of IPv6 address, multiplexing is enabled approximately 430 million IPv4 networks to a single IPv6 backbone network. Through developing an implementation of SA46T, and operation as field demonstration both LAN and WAN environment, SA46T is proved to actually work and operate. And also, SA46T is proved that have interoperability between the implementations which are developed independently. SA46T is a simple technology, and shown that actually use. SA46T enable both transition to IPv6 and continuous use of IPv4. In particular, can contribute for continuous use of IPv4 applications which are unfriendly with IPv4-IPv6 translation technology. 1 IPv4 SA46T SA46T IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 SA46T SA46T 2 IPv4 2.1 IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 IETF(The Internet Engineering Task Force) 1992 IPv6 1996 (Proposed Standard) RFC1883[1]
IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 RFC1933[2] (1) Dual Stack (IPv4/IPv6 ) (2) (3) IPv4-IPv6 () 3 IETF 2001 [3] IPv6 2011 2 IANA(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) 2011 4 APNIC(Asia Pacific Information Centre) 2012 9 RIPE NCC(Reseaux IP Europeens Coordination Centre) IPv4 IPv4 2.2 IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 only Dual Stack IPv6 only IPv4-IPv6 IPv6 only IPv4 IPv4 over IPv6 IPv6 only IPv4 IPv4-IPv6 IPv4 over IPv6 2.3 IPv4 over IPv6 RFC2473[4] Generic Packet Tunneling in IPv6 RFC1853[5] IP in IP Tunneling 2 N N(N 1) = N 2 N RFC2473 Tunnel Encapsulation Limit Option 3 SA46T SA46T(Stateless Automatic IPv4 over IPv6 Encapsulation / Decapsulation Technology) 3.1 SA46T 3.1.1 SA46T Stub (IPv4 only) Backbone (IPv6 only) SA46T Stub (Dual Stack) 1: Stub (IPv6 only) 1 SA46T IPv4 only Dual IPv6 only 3
SA46T IPv4 IPv6 only SA46T SA46T IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 only SA46T SA46T RFC2473 Tunnel Encapsulation Limit Option Tunnel MTU 3.2 SA46T 3.2.1 SA46T IPv4 over IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 3.2.2 IP Outer header IP Outer header IPv6 SA46T SA46T 2 3.1.2 SA46T Locator (IPv4) Identifier 1 IPv4/IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 SA46T address prefix IPv4 network plane ID Locator (IPv6) 2: SA46T IPv4 address Identifier 1: IPv6 only Dual Stack IPv4 only IPv6 only IPv6 IPv6 - Dual Stack IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 only - IPv4 IPv4 SA46T IPv4 only IPv4 only IPv4 only Dual Stack 1 IPv4 IPv6 SA46T IPv4 only IPv6 only NAT- PT[6] NAT-64[7] IPv4-IPv6 SA46T SA46T IPv4-IPv6 SA46T SA46T prefix IPv4 network plane ID IPv4 SA46T prefix SA46T prefix IPv4 network plane ID IPv4 IPv4 address Inner header IPv4 3.3 SA46T SA46T 2 1. IPv4 IPv6 2. IPv4 network plane ID IPv4 IPv6
3.3.1 IP IPv4 IPv6 IP SA46T IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 n bit 32 n bit SA46T 128 n bit n bit IPv6 IPv4 32 n bit prefix IPv6 128 n bit prefix IP Dual stack Dual stack IPv6 IPv4 SA46T IPv6 IPv4 SA46T IPv6 3.3.2 IPv4 network plane ID IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 network plane ID IPv4 network plane ID 32bit 4.3 IPv4 3.4 SA46T SA46T address prefix IPv4 network plane ID prefix 3 1 SA46T address prefix + IPv4 network plane ID/prefix length SA46T IPv4 1 N IPv4 N IPv4 SA46T 1 SA46T 3.5 SA46T N 2 SA46T IPv4 IPv6 SA46T IPv4 network plane ID IPv4 SA46T IPv4 network plane ID IPv4 network plane ID IPv4 SA46T
4 SA46T SA46T (1) Stateless (2) IPv6 only IPv4 IPv6 (3) (N 2 N) (4) (5) OSPF(Open Shortest Path First) IS-IS BGP(Border Gateway Protocol) (6) Layer2 ( ) Layer3 Ethernet IEEE802.11 LAN (7) IPv4 plane ID IPv4 plane ID 32bit 4.3 (8) IPv4 IPv4 SA46T SA46T (9) SA46T SA46T ECMP(Equal Cost Multi Path) (10) DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 1 SA46T IPv6 only (11) SA46T IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 5 SA46T IETF IETF (1) (2) [8] IETF 5.1 IETF [9] SA46T [10] [11] [12] [13] 5 Internet Draft 1 DHCP Relay agent DHCP server
5.2 SA46T 3 SA46T IPv4 IPv6 バックボーン側 (IPv6 only) Interface (Backbone side) Interface (Stub side) Forwarding Interface (Backbone side) Interface (Stub side) IPv6 1 C 300 FMV- BIBLO LOOX M/G30(Atom N450 1.66GHz 1GB Fast Ethernet) USB Fast Ethernet 2 Ethernet CentOS5.5(Kernel 2.6.34) 90Mbps 5.3 SA46T 3 LAN Plane IPv4 スタブ側 (IPv4 only or Dual) sa46t カプセル化 プラットフォーム (CentOS 5.5) 5.3.1 LAN sa46t デカプセル化 3: SA46T 開発モジュール 300step(C 言語 ) IPv4 SA46T IPv4 SA46T IPv6 IPv6 SA46T SA46T IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 SA46T 2 Dual stack IPv6 2010 9 WIDE FMV- BIBLO LOOX M/G30(Atom N450 1.66GHz 1GB Fast Ethernet) USB Fast Ethernet 2 Ethernet CentOS5.5(Kernel 2.6.34) 4 WAN 1 3 4 SA46T PC LAN SA46T DHCP IPv4 SA46T
WIDE Internet (Dual stack) Router (Dual Stack) sa46t-plenary sa46t-external DHCP Server DNS Server IPv6 only Backbone sa46t-bof12 WWW Server Wireless LAN Access(Dual Stack) sa46t-bof34 Traffic 4: WIDE SA46T 4.5 191 275 2.3 IPv4 5.3.2 JGN2plus (NICT) 2011 2 JGN2plus 5 SA46T 3D OSPFv3(Open Shortest Path Fast version 3) BGP4+(Border Gateway Protocol 4 Plus) SA46T HDTV Live Stream (150Mbps) (1 ヶ月間 ) sa46tokinawa HDTV Live Stream (30Mbps) (3 週間 ) sa46tosaka sa46tsapporo 3D HDTV Live Stream (>140Mbps) (3 日間 ) sa46t- OSPFv3 okayama sa46tthai HDTV data (3 日間 ) Cisco UCS B5500 (Intel Xeon E5650 2.67GHz 6core 4socket 32GB 10GbE 2) CentOS5.5(Kernel 2.6.34) 800Mbps IA 3 1 (1) 150Mbps HDTV Live Stream 1 (2) 30Mbps HDTV Live Stream 3 (3) 140Mbps 3D HDTV Live Stream 3 HTDV 5.3.3 Plane 2011 6 Interop Tokyo SA46T plane Interop ShowNet (1) (2) (3) 3 2 plane 2 IPv4 5.4 [16] 3 2012 3 WIDE [17] 7 5: NICT JGN2plus 2 SA46T Best of Show Award [14, 15]
6 SA46T 6.1 SA46T 3 SA46T IETF Internet Draft Internet Draft IETF Proposed Standard 6.2 SA46T SA46T SA46T insmod sa46t.ko ifconfig sa46t0 up ifconfig sa46t0 add 2001:3e8:0:2646:0:1:a00:100/120 IPv4 10.0.1.0/24 SA46T 2001:3e8:0:2646/64 IPv4 network plane ID 1 SA46T IETF Draft Standard 6.4 C 300 7 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 SA46T IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 SA46T NAT IPv4- IPv6 VPN(Virtual Private ) IPv4-IPv6 IPv4 SA46T 6.3 3 SA46T IETF JGN2plus WIDE
NetPC Interop Tokyo ShowNet NOC SA46T ( ) [1] S. Deering, R. Hinden Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification RFC1883, December 1995 [2] R. Gillogan, E. Nordmark Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers RFC1933, April 1996 [3] IPv6, 2001 [4] A. Conta, S. Deering Generic Packet Tunneling in IPv6 Specification RFC2473, December 1998 [5] W. Sumpson IP in IP Tunneling RFC1853 October 1995 [6] G.Tsirtsis, P. Srisuresh Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) RFC2766, February 2000 [7] M. Bagnulo, P. Matthews, I. van Beijnum Stateful NAT64: Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 clients to IPv4 Servers RFC6146, April 2011 [11] N. Matsuhira Applicability of Stateless Automatic IPv4 over IPv6 Encapsulation / Decapsulation Technology (SA46T) draft-matsuhirasa46t-applicability-04.txt Internet Draft July, 2012 [12] N. Matsuhira Motivation for developing Stateless Automatic IPv4 over IPv6 Encapsulation / Decapsulation Technology (SA46T) draft-matsuhira-sa46t-motivation-02.txt Internet Draft July, 2012 [13] N. Matsuhira SA46T Multicast Support draft-matsuhira-sa46t-mcast-01.txt Internet Draft March, 2012 [14] Interop Tokyo 2011 NICT NEWS, 2011 6, No.405 http://www.nict.go.jp/publication/ NICT-News/1106/03.html [15] Interop Tokyo 2011 Best of Show Award http://pr.fujitsu. com/jp/news/2011/06/9-1.html [16] https://github.com/upa/sa46t/ [17] IPv6 IPv4 JANOG30 http://www.janog.gr.jp/ meeting/janog30/program/v64.html [8] S. Bradner The Internet Standard Process Revison 3 RFC2016 October 1996 [9] N. Matsuhira Stateless Automatic IPv4 over IPv6 Excapsulation / Decapsulation Technology: Specification draft-matsuhira-sa46t-spec- 05.txt Internet-Draft July, 2012 [10] N. Matsuhira Stateless Automatic IPv4 over IPv6 Excapsulation / Decapsulation Technology: Global SA46T Address Format draft-matsuhira-sa46t-gaddr-05.txt Internet- Draft July, 2012