53 2018 135 A Comparative Study of the Project Evaluation on the Advancement of Athletes International Competitiveness: Focusing on the Circumstances and the Capacity of National Governing Bodies for the Sport of Ice Hockey in Japan, USA and Canada Concerning the Women s National Team Development Projects USA Hockey Hockey Canada KOGAWA Kazuto Abstract This study aims to examine the women s national ice hockey team development project for the advancement of athletes international competitiveness by the Japan Ice Hockey Federation ( JIHF) through the international comparison with the national governing bodies for USA (USA Hockey) and Canada (Hockey Canada). This development project by JIHF is under the policy of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and it is a part of the initiatives to improve Japan s international competitiveness. Since 2014, the women s national ice hockey team is determined as the Target C category of the Multi-Support Project, which targets the winter Olympic Game with medal expectation. And it is also determined as a priority subsidy project funding under the Japan Sport Council ( JSC). However, Japan is placed at seventh in the 2016 world women s ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), but USA and Canada are always placed at first or second ranking. Therefore, JIHF, USA Hockey and Hockey Canada are needed to be analyzed the capacity as a national governing body to implement the development project, especially from the view point of organization and finance. As the result of the organizational and financial analysis of three national governing bodies, USA Hockey has USA Hockey Foundation internally and almost 80% of the revenues are supported by the membership registrations and dues plus USA Hockey Foundation grants. We can see the sport culture of USA and the donation spirit from the grassroot level. As the same as USA Hockey, Hockey Canada also has Hockey Canada Foundation, but the ratio of Hockey Canada Foundation grants are about 7%. But Hockey
136 Canada can hold many international games and get much sponsorship in many categories to earn about 61% revenues. This means that Canadian people go to watch international hockey games and buy a lot of goods from Hockey Canada. From this revenue structure, we can point out the spirit of Hockey as a National Sport in Canada. On the other hand, the revenue of JIHF is deeply depend upon the external subsidy to implement the development project, beside there is no internal Foundation to get donation like USA Hockey and Hockey Canada. Thus, it can be predicted that JIHF will continue to depend on the priority subsidy funding for the development project of women s national ice hockey team. 2 2016 1 5 6 1 12016 7 2017 2 8 2 2003 1510 3 1 2015 27 2 2017 1 6 12 USA Hockey Hockey Canada 2003 2007
53 2018 137 1 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 Canada 2960 USA 2960 Canada 4160 Canada 3840 USA 3560 2 USA 2940 Canada 2940 USA 4100 USA 3830 Canada 3520 3 Finland 2780 Finland 2765 Switzerland 3840 Finland 3535 Finland 3275 4 Switzerland 2685 Russia 2710 Finland 3775 Switzerland 3520 Russia 3265 5 Sweden 2680 Switzerland 2665 Sweden 3760 Sweden 3485 Sweden 3210 6 Russia 2650 Sweden 2620 Russia 3715 Russia 3480 Switzerland 3180 7 Slovakia 2500 Germany 2535 Germany 3585 Germany 3315 Japan 3005 8 Germany 2430 Slovakia 2430 Japan 3395 Japan 3230 Germany 2995 9 Kazakhstan 2350 Czech 2360 Czech 3360 Czech 3140 Czech 2970 10 Norway 2320 Japan 2315 Norway 3225 Denmark 2975 Denmark 2740 11 Japan 2285 Norway 2280 Denmark 3185 Norway 2950 Austria 2710 12 Czech 2245 Austria 2220 Slovakia 3185 Austria 2905 France 2700 HP http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/championships/world-ranking/womens-world-ranking/ 2016.11.22. 2014 2 1987 3 37 4 pp. 318 324. 2014 16 C SSF 2013 1 USA Hockey Hockey Canada 2 1 11 11 3 1 2014 26 C 2016 28 3 30 JSC
138 2015 27 3 JOC 93,343,000 1,032,000 JSC 14,972,000 JSC 32,848,000 167,163,658 83,269,373 49.8 59,910,499 71.9 U 12 16 18 23,358,874 28.12016 pp. 2 10. 2016 28 2 4 3 15 2006 CJSC U 12 U 16 U 18 61 2 2 2 JOC COC USOC JOC 6.4 COC 8.1 3 3 3 18,988 0.01 543,239 0.17 639,500 1.82
53 2018 139 2 377,972km 2 62 9,826,675km 2 3 9,984,670 km 2 2 1 2,693 2015 3 2,160 2015 3,583 2015 GDP 4 1,2322015 17 9,4702015 1 5,5232015 121 112 2011 289 7,600 2015 1998 2000 Physical Activity and Sport Act 2003 3 0,606 2012 244 2,700 2012 2010 2006 2020 2010 2010 Canadian Sport Policy Collaborative Action 2012-2017 JOC USOC COC 18 6,090 2015 1 3,5502009 1,692 9,000 2009 18 0,253 2009 115 1,750 14 2,200 United States Olympic and Paralympic Foundation USOPF Canadian Olympic Foundation: COF 2011,. 3 126,919,659 321,368,864 35,099,836 18,988 0.01% 543,239 0.17% 639,500 1.82% 9,505 50.1% 160,415 29.5% 97,000 15.2% 6,897 36.3% 309,748 57.0% 455,000 71.1% 2,586 13.6% 73,076 13.5% 87,500 13.7% 34 1,800 3,250 123 1,000 5,000 2016 7 1 2 21 4 1 NWHL National Women's Hockey League 4 CWHL Canadian Women's Hockey League 5 HP http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ 2016.11.22.
140 71.1 57.0 36.3 3,250 1,80034 CWHL Canadian Women s Hockey League 5 NWHL National Women s Hockey League 4 4 4 1USA Hockey 42014 15 USA Hockey Membership registrations and dues 61.1 2 USOC grants 3.4 USA Hockey Foundation USA Hockey Foundation grants 19.9 2 2Hockey Canada Hockey Canada 4 2014 15 Branch Assessments 8 USA Hockey 7.5 F & AS Fitness and Amature Sports 12 Funding Agencies 5 17 Hockey Canada Hockey Canada Foundation Fundraising 7 Events 24 Sponsors 27 Goods and Services 10 61 Hockey Canada 6 3 2014 15 26 27 4 5 3,609 2,075 USA Hockey4,208 7,96950 9,449 6,120
53 2018 141 4 USA Hockey Hockey Canada 2014-2015 5 3,609 2,075 4,208 7,969 50 9,449 6,120 USA Hockey Foundation Hockey Canada Foundation 5,174 8,691 62 6,386 8,553 196 1 5,345 2,124 4,000 4,718 7.5% Membership registrations and dues 142 7,500 1 7,279 0,310 61.1% Branch Assessments 8% 2 1,167 2,027 39.5% USOC grants 142 7,500 1 7,279 0,310 3.4% F & AS Fitness and Amature Sports 12% Funding Agencies 5% 17% USA Hockey Foundation grants 838 0,389 10 1,439 5,806 19.9% Fundraising 7% 1 9,316 0,785 36.0% Tournaments and exhibitions 271 7,469 3 2,893 3,318 6.5% Events 24% 6,211 3,608 11.6% Corporate sponsorship Sponsors 311 0,830 3 7,654 7,307 27% 7.4% 55 5,750 0.1% Contributions 5 1,700 625 7,975 0.1% 3 7,000 0.007% Interest and dividends 7,17386 8,249 0.02% Intrest and other 7% 5.0% 0.2% 0.1% 5.3% Advertising and merchandise sales net of cost 0.8% Other income 0.9% 1.7% Goods and Services 10% 2015, pp.6-7., USA Hockey 2015, p.17., Hockey Canada 2015 Funding Source and Use http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/corporate/about/basics/funding 2016.03.26. 2015 1 $=121.044, 1 $=78.2919
142 9.5 2014 26 7.5 JOC JSC 39.5 36.0 11.6 0.1 0.007 5.3 2014 26 66 21.6 25.7 13.1 0.8 0.2 38.62015 p. 36. 7.5 87.1 36.0 1 3,574 70.3 25.3 39.5 87.1 3 1 254 64 13 5 6 U 12 U 16 U 18 7
53 2018 143 2 USA Hockey 6 USA HockeyUSA Hockey Foundation 2 8 Hockey Canada USA Hockey 8 Hockey Canada Hockey Canada Foundation 7 6 9 4 8 2020 2,219 2016 71,127 6 2,3598 2,7149 1 3 2015 1 8 9 HP
144 URL http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/ championships/olympics/ 2016.12.26. 22017, p. 76. 3 7 1 6 30 2015 272015 27 7 1 2016 28 6 30 4 2012 24 1 IIHF Shooting Accuracy Backward Speed Skate with the Puc HP URL https://www.jihf.or.jp/development/ skillchallenge.php 2017.11.20. 5 U 16 U 18 JOC 12 13 2017 29 12 HP URL http://www.jihf.or.jp/game/detail. php?id=370 2017.12.28.,,, 2013 SSF 2 1 2012, pp. 42 49. 6 2016 28 2 U 18 7 8 2016 28 12 26 2003 40 1pp. 13 25. Hockey Canada 2015 Annual Report 2014 2015. 2007 25 pp. 67 113. 2017 52 pp. 75 85. 2006 2012 WIP 2014
53 2018 145 201627 2013 ASEAN SSF 2 1 2012 pp. 32 41. 2012 SSF 1 12011 2015 2014 USA Hockey 2015 Annual Report 2014 2015. USA Hockey Foundation 2015 Annual Report 2014 2015. 1987 3 37 4pp. 318 324. 2014 16 C 2016 28