original: 2011/11/5 revised: 2012/10/30, 2013/12/ : 2 V i V t2 V o V L V H V i V i V t1 V o V H V L V t1 V t2 1 Q 1 1 Q

original: 2011/11/5 revised: 2012/10/30, 2013/12/2 1 1 1: 2 V i V t2 V o V L V H V i V i V t1 V o V H V L V t1 V t2 1 Q 1 1 Q 2 2 1 2 1

c 2013 2 2: V i Q 1 I C1 V C1 V B2 I E V E V E Q 1 Q 1 Q 2 Q 2 Q 1 Q 2 V i I C1 V C1 V B2 Q 2 I E V E V E Q 1 Q 1 V B2 Q 2 2 1 2 V CES V BE V H Q 2 I C2 = 0 V o = V CC R L2 I C2 = V CC (1) V L Q 1 Q 2 1. Q 2 Q 2 I B2 3 V CC (R L2 + ) I C2 + V CES (2) 3

c 2013 3 I C2 V CC V CES + R L2 (3) V L = V CC R L2 I C2 = V CC + R L2 V CES R L2 + (4) 2. Q 2 Q 2 β I B2 I C2 V CC V B2 + R 1 = V B2 + I B2 (5) V B2 V BE + βi B2 (6) V B2 I B2 [β V CC + ( + R 1 ) V BE ] V B2 = β (R 1 + + ) + ( + R 1 ) V CC (R 1 + + ) V BE I B2 = β (R 1 + + ) + ( + R 1 ) (7) (8) I C2 = βi B2 = β [V CC (R 1 + + ) V BE ] β (R 1 + + ) + ( + R 1 ) (9) V L = V CC R L2 I C2 = [β (R 1 + + ) + (R 1 + βr L2 )] V CC β (R 1 + + ) + ( + R 1 ) + βr L2 (R 1 + + ) V BE β (R 1 + + ) + ( + R 1 ) (10) V t1 V t1 Q 1 Q 2 Q 2 V i Q 1 V i = V BE + V E (11) Q 2 V B2 V B2 = V BE + V E (12)

c 2013 4 Q 2 V t1 V t1 = V B2 = V E + V BE (13) V B2 = R 1 + V C1 (14) V E = (I C1 I L ) (15) I C1 = V CC V C1 (16) I L = V C1 R 1 + (17) (15) (16) (17) [ VCC V C1 V E = V ] C1 = V CC (R 1 + + ) R 1 + (R 1 + ) (18) (13) (14) (18) V CC (R 1 + + ) V C1 + V BE = V C1 (19) (R 1 + ) R 1 + V C1 V t1 = V B2 = V C1 = (R 1 + ) ( V CC + V BE ) (R 1 + + ) + (20) ( V CC + V BE ) V C1 = (21) R 1 + (R 1 + + ) + V t2 Q 2 1. Q 2 V i Q 1 V t3 V t3 = V E + V BE I C2 + V BE (22) I B2 I C2 = V CC V CES + R L2 (23) V t3 = I C2 + V BE = (V CC V CES ) + R L2 + V BE (24) V C1

c 2013 5 Q 1 Q 1 R 1 V i Q 1 R 1 I B2 4 I B2 0 Q 2 V i V t2 R 1 0 Q 1 I C1 + I C2 = I E (25) I C1 = V CC V C1 (26) I E = V E = V t2 V BE (27) I C2 = V CC V CES V E R L2 = V CC V t2 + V BE V CES R L2 (28) V CC V C1 + V CC V t2 + V BE V CES R L2 = V t2 V BE (29) V C1 = R 1 + V B2 (30) V t2 = V E + V BE = V B2 (31) V C1 = R 1 + V t2 (32) V t2 = [ ( + R L2 ) V CC + R L2 ( + ) V BE V CES ] ( R L2 + R L2 + ) + R 1 (33) 2. Q 2 V t2 Q 1 Q 2 Q 1 V t2 = V BE + V E = V B2 (34) 4 I B2 R 1

c 2013 6 Q 2 V CC V B2 + R 1 = V B2 + I B2 (35) I B2 I C2 V B2 = V BE + V E V BE + I C2 = V BE + β I B2 (36) V CC V B2 + R 1 = V B2 + V B2 V BE β (37) V t2 = V B2 = [β V CC + (R 1 + ) V BE ] β (R 1 + + ) + (R 1 + ) (38) 3 1 1 V BE 0.7 V V CES 0.2 V 1: V CC [V] [Ω] R L2 [Ω] R 1 [Ω] [Ω] [Ω] (a) 12 1k 1k 22k 15k 180 [1] (b) 12 1k 1k 2k 5k 2k [2] (c) 10 1.3k 1k 6.8k 8.2k 240 [3] 1 (a) V t1 = 2.0 V V t2 = 3.15 V V t3 = 2.5 V 1. V i = 2.2 V V t1 < V i < V t3 Q 1 Q 2 I B2

c 2013 7 I C2 = V CC V CES R L2 + = 10 ma (39) V E = I C2 = 1.8V (40) V o = V E + V CES = V CC R C2 I C2 = 2.0 V (41) V B2 = V E + V BE = 2.5 V (42) I L = V B2 0.17 ma (43) I C1 = V CC V B2 + R 1 0.41 ma (44) V C1 = V CC I C1 = 11.6 V (45) I B2 = I C1 I L 0.25 ma (46) (47) I B2 I C2 = 0.025 (48) I B2 I C2 β = 100 βi B2 = 25 ma > 10 ma = I C2 (49) Q 2 V in = 2.2 V < V BE + V E = 2.5 V (50) Q 1 2. V i = 2.2 V V t1 < V i < V t3 Q 1 Q 2 Q 1 V CC V C1 = V C1 R 1 + + I E (51) V C1 = (R 1 + ) (V CC I E ) R 1 + + (52)

c 2013 8 I C2 = 0 ma (53) V o = V CC R L2 I C2 = 12 V (54) V E = V i V BE = 1.5 V (55) I E = V E = 8.3 ma (56) V C1 = (R 1 + ) (V CC I E ) R 1 + + = 3.6 V (57) I C1 = V CC V C1 = 8.4 ma (58) I L = V C1 = 97 µa R 1 + (59) V B2 = I L = 1.5 V (60) V C1 = 3.6 V > 1.7 V = V E + V CES Q 1 V B2 = 1.5 V < 2.2 V = V E + V BE Q 2 3. V i = 2.8 V V t3 < V i < V t2 Q 1 Q 2 V E = V i V BE = 2.1 V (61) V o = V E + V CES = 2.3 V (62) V B2 = V E + V BE = 2.8 V (63) I C2 = V CC V o R L2 = 9.7 ma (64) I E = V E 11.7 ma (65) I L = V B2 = 0.19 ma (66) Q 1 I C1 + I C2 = I L + I E (67) I C1 = I L + I E I C1 = 2.2 ma (68) V C1 = V CC I C1 = 9.8 V (69) I B2 = V C1 V B2 R 1 I L = 0.13 ma (70) V C1 = 9.8 V > 2.3 V = V E +V CES Q 1 βi B2 > I C2 Q 2

c 2013 9 4. V i = 3.5 V V t2 < V i Q 1 Q 2 I C2 = 0 ma (71) V o = V CC R L2 I C2 = 12 V (72) V E = V i V BE = 2.8 V (73) I E = V E = 15.6 ma (74) V C1 = V CES + V E = 3.0 V (75) I C1 = V CC V C1 = 9.0 ma (76) I L = V C1 = 81 µa R 1 + (77) V B2 = I L = 1.21 V (78) I B1 = I E I C1 + I L = 6.7 ma (79) V B2 = 1.21 V < 3.5 V = V E + V BE Q 2 βi B1 > I C1 Q 1 1 (b) V t1 = 5.88 V V t2 = 7.44 V 1. V i < V t2 Q 1 Q 2 Q 2 β 100 (7) V B2 = [β V CC + ( + R 1 ) V BE ] = 7.44 V (80) β (R 1 + + ) + ( + R 1 ) I L = V B2 = 1.49 ma (81) I C1 = V CC V B2 + R 1 = 1.52 ma (82) I B2 = I C2 I L = 32 µa (83) I C2 = βi B2 = 3.2 ma (84) V o = V CC R L2 I C2 = 8.8 V (85) V E = I C2 = 6.4 V (86) V o = 8.8 V > 6.6 V = V CES + V E Q 2

c 2013 10 2. V i = 7.5 V V t2 < V i Q 1 Q 2 V CC V C1 = V C1 R 1 + + V E (87) V C1 = (R 1 + ) ( V CC V E ) (R 1 + + ) (88) V E = V i V BE = 6.8 V (89) I E = V E = 3.4 ma (90) V C1 = (R 1 + ) ( V CC V E ) (R 1 + + ) = 7.53 V (91) I C1 = V CC V C1 = 4.47 ma (92) I L = V C1 = 1.08 ma R 1 + (93) V B2 = I L = 5.38 V (94) V B2 = 5.38 V < 7.5 V = V E + V BE Q 2 V C1 = 7.53 V > 7.0 V = V E + V CES Q 1 3. V i = 6.0 V V t1 < V i < V t2 Q 1 Q 2 V E = V i V BE = 5.3 V (95) I E = V E = 2.65 ma (96) V C1 = (R 1 + ) ( V CC V E ) (R 1 + + ) = 8.18 V (97) I C1 = V CC V C1 = 3.82 ma (98) I L = V C1 = 1.17 ma R 1 + (99) V B2 = I L = 5.85 V (100) V C1 = 8.18 V > 5.5 V = V E + V CES Q 1 V B2 = 5.28 V < 6.0 V = V E + V BE Q 2

c 2013 11 4 1 (a) 3 2SC1815 3: 1 2 1 (b) β = 100 2: 1 V H V L V t1 V t2 V t3 1 (a) 12 V 2.00 V 1.96 V 3.15 V 2.50 V 12 V 2.0 V 2.0 V 3.0 V 2.4 V 1 (b) 12 V 8.63 V 5.88 V 7.44 V 12 V 8.5 V 6.0 V 7.4 V 1 (c) 10 V 2.10 V 1.86 V 3.10 V 2.60 V 10 V 2.1 V 1.9 V 3.1 V 2.6 V 1 (a) 3 [1] [II] 1980 [2] 1983 [3] 1991

c 2013 12 3: V i [V] V o [V] V C1 [V] V B2 [V] V E [V] (1) 2.0 2.0 11.6 2.5 1.8 2.003 1.970 11.58 2.612 1.886 (2) 2.5 2.0 11.6 2.5 1.8 2.510 1.998 11.41 2.637 1.911 (3) 3.0 2.5 8.5 3.0 2.3 2.997 2.497 8.64 2.324 (4) 3.0 12 2.5 1.0 2.3 3.015 11.98 2.269 0.917 2.239 (5) 2.5 12 2.0 0.81 1.8 2.510 11.98 2.208 0.892 1.800 (6) 1.96 12 4.9 1.96 1.26 2.089 11.98 4.302 1.736 1.400