1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------3 2.1 2.2 2.3 OSI 2.4 TCP/IP 2.5 TCP/IP 3. LAN ---------------------------------------------------------23 3.1 LAN 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31 4.1 4.2 4.3 5. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55 1
1. 3 100% 2 TCP TCP/IP 2
2. 2.1 2.1.1 (1960 ) CPU IT 2.1.2 (1970 1980 ) ( ) 1970 1974 IBM SNA(Systems Network Architecture) 3
2.1.3LAN/WAN (1980 ) 1980 PC LAN(Local Area Network) OS / PC LAN WAN(Wide Area Network) LAN WAN TCP/IP WWW(World Wide Web) 4
2.2 (Internet) 2.2.1 (ARPA : Advanced Research Projects Agency)1970 1977 1979 APRA APRANET(Advanced Research Project Agency NET work) APRANET APRA APRA ARPA TCP/IP 1980 TCP/IP (Department of Defence ) 1980 APRANET TCP/IP Office of the Secretary of Defense TCP/IP 1983 DCA(Defense Communication Agency)APRANET APRANET MILNET 2.2.2 (NSF) TCP/IP 1985 1986 NSFNET APRANET NSF TCP/IP 1980 1994 300 5
LAN(Local Area Network) 1976 LAN WWW(World Wide Web) 1990 1 (DNS: Domain Name System) TCP/IP 1979 USENET 1987 TCP/IP APRANET NSFNET 2.2.3 1970 LAN 1980 1974 1982 (NTT) 1984 JUNET WIDE 1988 TCP/IP 1994 6
2.3OSI 2.3.1OSI(Open Systems Interconnection) OSI (protocol) (ISO: International Standardization Organization) 1974 IBM SNA(System Network Architecture) DCNA(Data Communication Network Architecture) OSI OSI OSI OSI (interface) ( 2.1 2.2 ) 2.1 OSI (N ) N1 N1 N N (Request) (Indication) (Response) (Confirm)4 SAP(Service Access Point) SAP IDU(Interface Data Unit) IDU (SDU: Service Data Unit) 7
ICI(Interface Control Information) N (IDU) (ICI) (SDU) N SDU PDU(Protocol Data Unit) PDU 2.2 2.3OSI 7 2.3.2 OSI 7 OSI 7 ( 2.3 )7 1 4 5 7 2.3.3 1 ON/OFF 0 1 2 / / (frame) 8
/ (flow control) (ACK: Acknowledgment) ACK ACK ( : sequence number) 3 2.4 4 3 ( 2.4 ) 9
2.3.4 5 (session) 6 ( ) 7 2.4TCP/IP 2.4.1TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) TCP/IP (ARPANET) 1982 1983 UNIX(Berkeley Software Distribution) TCP/IP TCP/IP UNIX 2.4.2TCP/IP 5 TCP/IP 5 ( 2.5 ) 2.5TCP/IP 10
2.4.3 / TCP/IP 2.4.4 (1) (2) (3) 3 2.4.5 OSI / TCP UDP(User Datagram Protocol)2 TCP OSI UDP 2.4.6 TCP/IP OSI (1) TELNET(Telecommunication network) (2) FTP(File Transfer Protocol) 11
(3) DNS(Domain Name System) IP (4) HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) (5) SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 2.4.7OSI OSI OSI TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP UNIX OSI 1990 TCP/IP TCP/IP 2.5TCP/IP 2.5.1IP(Internet Protocol) ()IP IP IP (routing) (fragmentation) ()IP IP IP IP IP 2.6 IP 12
2.6IP (1) (Version) [4bit] IP (2) IHL(Internet Header Length) [4bit]IP (3) (Type Of Service) [8bit] (4) (Total Length) [16bit] ( ) (5) (Identification) [16bit] (6) (Flag) [3bit] (7) (Fragment Offset) [13bit] (8) TTL(Time To Live) [8bit] (9) (Protocol) [8bit] (10) (Header Checksum) [16bit] (11) (Source Address) [32bit] IP (12) (Destination Address) [32bit] IP (13) (Option) ()IP (1) IP IP LAN (LAN) ( 3) 13
(2) IP IP 4 (A~D) ( 2.7 ) IP 32 ( 2.8 ) 32 8 4 10 2.7IP 2.8 IP (3) LAN LAN IP LAN 14
C IP 1 ( ) 254 ( 0 1 ) 254 IP IP ( 2.9 ) 1(255) 0(0) 2.9 (4) IP NIC(Network Information Center) JPNIC 2.5.2TCP ()TCP IP TCP 15
()TCP TCP IP 2.10 TCP 2.10TCP (1) (Source Port)[16bit] (2) (Destination Port)[16bit] (3) (Sequence Number)[32bit] (4) ACK (Acknowledgment Number)[32bit] (5) (Data Offset)[4bit] (6) (Control Bit)[6bit]TCP (7) (Window)[16bit] (8) (Checksum)[16bit]TCP (9) (Urgent pointer)[16bit] (10) (Option) TCP IP ( 2.11 ) ( 2.12 ) 2.12 16
2.11IP TCP 2.12 17
() (1) (three-way handshaking) ( 2.13 ) A B SYN 1 ( A) ACK 0 A B 100200 B SYNACK 1 ( B) ACK 100 1 101 A ACK 1 ACK (101) ACK 200 1 201 2.13 18
(2) 2.14 A B FINACK 1 ACK ACK 1 ( 200 ) B ACK 1 ACK ACK 100 1 101 B FINACK 1 ACK ACK 1 A ACK 1 ACK ACK 200 1 201 2.14 19
() (FTP ) TCP IP 1 ACK TCP ACK ACK 2.15 2.15 ACK 2.13 A TCP 200300 2.15 ACK 2.5.3FTP(File Transfer Protocol) TCP/IP (2.4.6 ) FTP FTP OS 20
(FTP ) FTP anonymous FTP anonymous FTP 2.16 / FTP / FTP ( 2.16 ) (ftp [ IP ]) (anonymous FTP anonymous ) 21
FTP ftp xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx cd xxx ls xxx lcd xxx bi as put get bye xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx xxx xxx xxx ftp 22
3.LAN 3.1LAN LAN 3.1 MAC(Media Access Control) LLC(Logical Link Control) 2.3 MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC 6 3 IEEE 3 LLC MAC 3.1 3.2 LAN CAMA/CD 23
(1) CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection) CSMA/CD LAN (Carrier Sense) (Collision Detection) ( ) (2) LAN free busy 2 busy free 1 free free 3.3 ( ) ( ) LAN (Ethernet 500m) LAN LAN LAN 1 ( ) (multiport repeater) 24
3.4 LAN (MAC ) (MAC ) ( ) LAN (CSMA/CDToken Ring ) MAC MAC LAN MAC MAC LAN 3.5 IP 25
(1) IP IP ( IP ) (2) IP 3.6 3.6.1 (OSI ) (static routing)[ ] (dynamic routing)[ ] 3.6.2 26
3.6.3RIP(Routing Information Protocol) RIP AS(Autonomous System) YAMAHA RT140e RIP ( ) IP RIP RIP =15 =30 =180 RIP =512 3.7 27
(1) (Stop-and-Wait) 1 (ACK/NACK) Go-back-N (2)Go-back-N Go-back-N Go-back-N (3) (Selective-repeat) Go-back-N 3.8 (1) TCP/IP 28
3 ( 3.2 ) ( CIR ) ( ) 3.2 (2) ACK NACK FECN ( )BECN( 29
(3) ( ) CIR (ACK) 30
4. 4.1 3 100% 2 TCP TCP/IP 3 () 31
() 1~4 5~7 2 2 32
4.2 4.2.1 (1) 1 1 1 1 (MB/s) Windows 10Base-T HUB CentreCOM MR415T 10Base-T SW-HUB corega Fast SE-8D 100Base-T SW-HUB corega Fast SE-8D OE Converters twister 100Mbps Media Converter 1 10Base-T HUB10Base-T SW-HUB100Base-T SW-HUB 30MB 3 4.1 4.1 1 1 4.2 33
4.2 1 1.5 10Base-T 7.84Mbps 10Mbps 8 100Base-T 29.28Mbps 100Mbps 3 100Base-T SW-HUB 10Base-T 2 100Base-T SW-HUB UTP 30MB 3 4.3 34
4.3 2 2 4.4 4.4 2 UTP (12m) (12m) 0.18 (12m) (50m) 1.14 UTP 3 2 35
(2) 1GB N (MB/s) Windows 100Base-T SW-HUB OE Converters corega Fast SE-8D twister 100Mbps Media Converter 3 1GB N 30MB125MB UTP 12 3 4.5 4.5 3 3 4.6 2 30MB 125MB (30MB) 30MB 12 1 36
4.6 3 4 1GB N 30MB125MB (12m 50m) 3 4.7 37
4.7 4 4 4.84.9 4.8 4( 12m) 38
4.9 4( 50m) 50m 12m 30MB 1 39
4.2.2 (1) (Mbit/s) 1~4 MB/s 5~7 Mbit/s FTP 3 100Base-T SW-HUB Router corega Fast SE-8D YAMAHA RT140e FTP FFTPMS-DOS FTP Serv-U 5 (1~3) 1.19GB281MB 4.10 4.10 5 5 4.114.12 40
41 4.11 5(1.19GB)
4.12 5(281MB) 42
2 3 3 6 (2~4) 1.19GB 281MB 4.13 4.13 6 6 4.144.15 5 4~5 43
44 4.14 6(1.19GB)
4.15 6(281MB) 45
7 2 LAN 281MB 4.16 4.16 7 7 4.17 1 2 6 2 46
4.17 7 47
4.3 4.3.1 12 1 10Base-T 10Base-T 10Base-T 1.5 ( 4.18 ) 1.5 4.1810Base-T SW-HUB 10Base-T HUB 4.1910Base-T SW-HUB 100Base-T SW-HUB 1 10Base-T 100Base-T 10Base-T 10 100Base-T 3.7 10Base-T 7.84Mbps 8 48
100Base-T 29.28Mbps 3 ( 4.19 )100Base-T 3 30MB Windows 2 5 0Mbps 2 UTP (12m) (12m) 0.2 ( 4.20 ) OE OE (12m) (50m) 1.14 ( 4.20 ) UTP 50m UTP 12m 50m.14 2.5.2.14 LAN 500 Windows 4.20 UTP 49
4.3.2 34 3 ( 2) 30MB 125MB (30MB) ( 4.21 1 1 13 Mbps 1 2 100Base-T 4.21 4.22 50
100 Mbps ( 4.22 ) 30MB 12GB 30MB 1GB2 GB 4 ( 4.23 ) 30MB 1 2 50m 12m OE UTP UTP UTP (12m) (50m) 4.23 51
4.3.3 5~7 56 ( 4.24 4.25 ) 1 3.7 1 4.24 ( ) 4.25 ( ) 5 CSMA/CD 1 52
( 4.26 ) 6 4.26 (MAC ) 7 (4.27 ) (Mbit/s) LAN ( 4.28 ) 53
4.27 ( 1.19GB) 4.28 54
5. FTP CPU CPU CPU ATM ATM ATM-LAN LAN-WAN OS 55
56 TCP/IP Vol. Douglas Comer/ - - LAN