Several Time Maps and their Features Focused on Railway Networks in Eurasia Continent KOTOH Hiroshi In this study, I show several time maps using new concepts, and discuss their usefulness. For showing examples of time maps, I pick up the times required by railways of the Eurasia Continent. As usual, For making time maps, the multi-dimensional scaling method was applyed, which was proposed by Torgerson 1952. However, this method has two problems. One is that, we can hardly understand the true times required from the time map, and the other is that the topological structure is often broken in the time map by that method, hence we sometimes mislead the time map. I focus on the former problem and propose new time maps. I consider time maps based on the multi-dimensional scaling method. Then, I show two new ideas of time maps which partially indicate exact times required (between several cities). These time maps are worth using because the precision of them are as not being inferior compared with the time map using the multi-dimensional scaling method. Futhermore, I show simple shape time maps which are one dimension type, elliptic type, and 8 character type. These time maps are valid for evaluating the transeportation network and effect of new railways. Torgerson1952 1992 No.8 2001

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5.71 2 3 4 5 CIS CIS 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 NO3 61 1 2 3 4 34 5 6 7 8 38 37 Warsaw Budapest Berlin Moscow Minsk Yekaterinburg Goliki Perm' Novosibirsk Omsk Aktgai 770 393 188 505 392 856 341 705 483 1437 1205 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 NO3 36 35 24 25 26 27 28 29 69 70 72 71 Hanoi Ho Chi Minn Phnom Penh Singapore Bangkok Kuala Lumpur 1954 529 259 358 347 1123 330 2040 660 1570 1381 356 6

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1 1991:FORTRAN 77 2 1998: 3 1995 No.30pp.553-558 4 1996 Vol. 3 pp.94103 5 1997GIS vol. 5 No. 2 pp.1-10 6 1999 1998 7 2000 1999 8 1999: 1998 9 1992 No.10 pp.1529 101994: 11Torgerson1952: Multidimensional Scaling : I, Theory and Method. Psychometrika, Vol.17pp. 401419 121956 NO 1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 Berlin Chita Samarkand Petropaul Yereban 64 Skovorodino 72 Kuala Lumpur Komsomol'sk-na-Amure NO 2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58 66 Warsaw Taishet Ulan Bator Goliki Ashkabad Kurgan Khark'kov Charjew NO 3 11 19 27 35 43 51 59 67 Minsk Irkutsk Tbilisi Mashhad Ankara Saratov 1 2 6 7 8 10 11 NO 4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 Moskva Ulan-Ude Hanoi Dushanbe Tehran Izmit Baku (hour) 40.25 26.15 6.31 7.70 NO 5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61 69 0 21.99 17.30 17.09 Perm' Khabarovsk Krasnoyarsk Ho- Chi Minn Arys Kerman Budapest Phnom Penh 0.61 0.82 0.99 0.97 1 0.92 0.93 0.93 NO NO 7 Omsk 8 Novosibirsk 15 16 Manzhouli NO 6 Yekaterinburg 14 Vladivostok 22 30 38 46 54 62 70 Aktogai Esfahan Istanbul Bangkok (hour) 161.81 121.00 38.88 58.21 0 109.35 99.67 76.53 96(hour) 39.58 5.71 18.42 23 31 39 47 55 63 71 Almaty Samara Tabriz Tynda Singapore 24 32 40 48 56 Tashkent Karaganda Rostov Okt'abr'skil No.8 2001