17 IP A study on IP path quality forecasting from the IP path delay measurements 1060339 2006 3 10
IP RTP 2 QoS i
Abstract A study on IP path quality forecasting from the IP path delay measurements Kotaro TAMURA In recent years The reliability and the stability of the transmission path are requested from the standpoint of the quality of the applications. However, the Internet is based on a best effort transferring technologies, the stable transfer of packets is not guaranteed. It is difficult to guarantee the service quality of a streaming application. On viewing and listening of a streaming movie, the jitter that is fluctuation of delays causes a big problem. The jitter is generated because the path bandwidth might not be enough everytime. Especially, the processing performance of the router is influenced by it s buffer capacity and queuing algorithm. Therefore, the state of the transmission path might be measured by observing the jitters. I measured the jitter on the client site to reduce the measurement load additional to the network. First of all, I thought that the distribution at the delay time observed might affect to the possible packet loss occurence. Moreover, the delay time value relates to the number of the following packet losses. It is thought that the interval from the jitter enlargement timing to the packet loss appearance seems to be in inverse proportional to the time span that the packet loss is being obserbed. The quality of transmission path is forecasted from the number of generated packet losses, time of the packet loss appearance and the changes in packet loss as time goes by. As the result, most appearances of the packet loss are predictable. key words Network QoS forecasting Jitter Packetloss Streaming ii
1 1 1.1................................... 1 1.2................................... 2 1.3...................... 3 1.4.......................... 3 1.5............................. 3 1.5.1 RTP.................................. 4 1.5.2 RTCP................................. 5 1.6.................................... 5 2 RTP 6 2.1.......................... 6 2.2 LAN RTP................... 7 2.2.1...................... 8 2.3.............................. 8 2.3.1......................... 9 2.3.2.................... 10 2.4................................... 11 2.5.................................... 11 3 RTP 12 3.1 Ethereal RTP.................... 12 3.2.................... 14 3.2.1 Frame Interval............................ 14 iii
3.2.2 Packet Loss Amount......................... 15 3.3.................................... 15 4 16 4.1....................... 16 4.1.1.................................. 16 4.1.2.................................. 18 4.2............................ 18 4.2.1.................................. 18 4.2.2.................................. 19 4.3......................... 21 4.3.1.................................. 21 4.3.2.................................. 21 4.4.................................... 22 5 Frame Interval Packet Loss Amount 24 5.1.............................. 24 5.2................................ 26 5.3 F(i) G............................... 26 5.4 F(i) Q............................... 27 5.5 F(i) p............................... 28 5.6 F(i) R............................... 29 5.7.................................... 29 6 31 6.1........................... 31 6.2.................................. 32 iv
33 34 A 60Mbps 35 B 65Mbps 38 C 70Mbps 42 D 75Mbps 46 E 80Mbps 50 F 85Mbps 54 G 90Mbps 57 H 95Mbps 60 I 63 I.1 Shaping( )........................... 63 I.2................................. 64 v
1.1.................. 2 1.2...................... 4 2.1................................... 7 2.2.............................. 9 2.3 Smartbits 1 (60Mbps 95Mbps).... 10 2.4 Smartbits 1 (60Mbps 95Mbps)... 10 3.1 Frame Interval.......................... 14 4.1 65Mbps 0.6s t1 65Mbps 5s t1................... 17 4.2 95Mbps 0.6s t1 95Mbps 5s t1................... 17 4.3 95Mbps 5 (4 )................... 19 4.4 60Mbps 5 (4 )................... 20 4.5 1 (65Mbps 0.6s t4)............... 21 5.1............................ 25 5.2.................. 27 5.3 1........ 28 5.4 (5 ). 28 5.5 (1 ). 29 5.6 Frame Interval........... 30 A.1 60Mbps 0.3s t1................................ 35 A.2 60Mbps 0.3s t2................................ 35 A.3 60Mbps 0.3s t3................................ 35 vi
A.4 60Mbps 0.3s t4................................ 35 A.5 60Mbps 0.6s t1................................ 36 A.6 60Mbps 0.6s t2................................ 36 A.7 60Mbps 0.6s t3................................ 36 A.8 60Mbps 0.6s t4................................ 36 A.9 60Mbps 1s t1................................. 36 A.10 60Mbps 1s t2................................. 36 A.11 60Mbps 1s t3................................. 36 A.12 60Mbps 1s t4................................. 36 A.13 60Mbps 3s t1................................. 37 A.14 60Mbps 3s t2................................. 37 A.15 60Mbps 3s t3................................. 37 A.16 60Mbps 3s t4................................. 37 A.17 60Mbps 5s t1................................. 37 A.18 60Mbps 5s t2................................. 37 A.19 60Mbps 5s t3................................. 37 A.20 60Mbps 5s t4................................. 37 B.1 65Mbps 0.3s t1................................ 38 B.2 65Mbps 0.3s t2................................ 38 B.3 65Mbps 0.3s t3................................ 38 B.4 65Mbps 0.3s t4................................ 38 B.5 65Mbps 0.6s t1................................ 39 B.6 65Mbps 0.6s t2................................ 39 B.7 65Mbps 0.6s t3................................ 39 B.8 65Mbps 0.6s t4................................ 39 vii
B.9 65Mbps 1s t1................................. 39 B.10 65Mbps 1s t2................................. 39 B.11 65Mbps 1s t3................................. 39 B.12 65Mbps 1s t4................................. 39 B.13 65Mbps 3s t1................................. 40 B.14 65Mbps 3s t2................................. 40 B.15 65Mbps 3s t3................................. 40 B.16 65Mbps 3s t4................................. 40 B.17 65Mbps 5s t1................................. 40 B.18 65Mbps 5s t2................................. 40 B.19 65Mbps 5s t3................................. 40 B.20 65Mbps 5s t4................................. 40 B.21 65Mbps 5s t3................................. 41 B.22 65Mbps 5s t4................................. 41 C.1 70Mbps 0.3s t1................................ 42 C.2 70Mbps 0.3s t2................................ 42 C.3 70Mbps 0.3s t3................................ 42 C.4 70Mbps 0.3s t4................................ 42 C.5 70Mbps 0.6s t1................................ 43 C.6 70Mbps 0.6s t2................................ 43 C.7 70Mbps 0.6s t3................................ 43 C.8 65Mbps 5s t3................................. 43 C.9 65Mbps 5s t4................................. 43 C.10 70Mbps 1s t1................................. 43 C.11 70Mbps 1s t2................................. 43 viii
C.12 70Mbps 1s t3................................. 44 C.13 70Mbps 1s t4................................. 44 C.14 70Mbps 3s t1................................. 44 C.15 70Mbps 3s t2................................. 44 C.16 70Mbps 3s t3................................. 44 C.17 70Mbps 3s t4................................. 44 C.18 70Mbps 5s t1................................. 44 C.19 70Mbps 5s t2................................. 44 C.20 70Mbps 5s t3................................. 45 D.1 75Mbps 0.3s t1................................ 46 D.2 75Mbps 0.3s t2................................ 46 D.3 75Mbps 0.3s t3................................ 46 D.4 75Mbps 0.3s t4................................ 46 D.5 75Mbps 0.6s t1................................ 47 D.6 75Mbps 0.6s t2................................ 47 D.7 75Mbps 0.6s t3................................ 47 D.8 75Mbps 0.6s t4................................ 47 D.9 75Mbps 1s t1................................. 47 D.10 75Mbps 1s t2................................. 47 D.11 75Mbps 1s t3................................. 47 D.12 75Mbps 1s t4................................. 47 D.13 75Mbps 3s t1................................. 48 D.14 75Mbps 3s t2................................. 48 D.15 75Mbps 3s t3................................. 48 D.16 75Mbps 3s t4................................. 48 ix
D.17 75Mbps 5s t1................................. 48 D.18 75Mbps 5s t2................................. 48 D.19 75Mbps 5s t3................................. 49 D.20 75Mbps 5s t4................................. 49 E.1 80Mbps 0.3s t1................................ 50 E.2 80Mbps 0.3s t2................................ 50 E.3 80Mbps 0.3s t3................................ 50 E.4 80Mbps 0.3s t4................................ 50 E.5 80Mbps 0.6s t1................................ 51 E.6 80Mbps 0.6s t2................................ 51 E.7 80Mbps 0.6s t3................................ 51 E.8 80Mbps 0.6s t4................................ 51 E.9 80Mbps 1s t1................................. 51 E.10 80Mbps 1s t2................................. 51 E.11 80Mbps 1s t3................................. 51 E.12 80Mbps 1s t4................................. 51 E.13 80Mbps 3s t1................................. 52 E.14 80Mbps 3s t2................................. 52 E.15 80Mbps 3s t3................................. 52 E.16 80Mbps 3s t4................................. 52 E.17 80Mbps 5s t1................................. 52 E.18 80Mbps 5s t2................................. 52 E.19 80Mbps 5s t3................................. 53 E.20 80Mbps 5s t4................................. 53 F.1 85Mbps 0.3s t1................................ 54 x
F.2 85Mbps 0.3s t2................................ 54 F.3 85Mbps 0.3s t3................................ 54 F.4 85Mbps 0.3s t4................................ 54 F.5 85Mbps 0.6s t1................................ 55 F.6 85Mbps 0.6s t2................................ 55 F.7 85Mbps 0.6s t3................................ 55 F.8 85Mbps 0.6s t4................................ 55 F.9 85Mbps 1s t1................................. 55 F.10 85Mbps 1s t2................................. 55 F.11 85Mbps 1s t3................................. 55 F.12 85Mbps 3s t1................................. 56 F.13 85Mbps 3s t2................................. 56 F.14 85Mbps 3s t3................................. 56 F.15 85Mbps 3s t4................................. 56 F.16 85Mbps 5s t1................................. 56 F.17 85Mbps 5s t2................................. 56 F.18 85Mbps 5s t3................................. 56 F.19 85Mbps 5s t4................................. 56 G.1 90Mbps 0.3s t1................................ 57 G.2 90Mbps 0.3s t2................................ 57 G.3 90Mbps 0.3s t3................................ 57 G.4 90Mbps 0.3s t4................................ 57 G.5 90Mbps 0.6s t1................................ 58 G.6 90Mbps 0.6s t2................................ 58 G.7 90Mbps 0.6s t3................................ 58 xi
G.8 90Mbps 0.6s t4................................ 58 G.9 90Mbps 1s t1................................. 58 G.10 90Mbps 1s t2................................. 58 G.11 90Mbps 1s t3................................. 58 G.12 90Mbps 1s t4................................. 58 G.13 90Mbps 3s t1................................. 59 G.14 90Mbps 3s t2................................. 59 G.15 90Mbps 3s t3................................. 59 G.16 90Mbps 3s t4................................. 59 G.17 90Mbps 5s t1................................. 59 G.18 90Mbps 5s t2................................. 59 G.19 90Mbps 5s t3................................. 59 G.20 90Mbps 5s t4................................. 59 H.1 95Mbps 0.3s t1................................ 60 H.2 95Mbps 0.3s t2................................ 60 H.3 95Mbps 0.3s t3................................ 60 H.4 95Mbps 0.3s t4................................ 60 H.5 95Mbps 0.6s t1................................ 61 H.6 95Mbps 0.6s t2................................ 61 H.7 95Mbps 0.6s t3................................ 61 H.8 95Mbps 0.6s t4................................ 61 H.9 95Mbps 1s t1................................. 61 H.10 95Mbps 1s t2................................. 61 H.11 95Mbps 1s t3................................. 61 H.12 95Mbps 1s t4................................. 61 xii
H.13 95Mbps 3s t1................................. 62 H.14 95Mbps 3s t2................................. 62 H.15 95Mbps 3s t3................................. 62 H.16 95Mbps 5s t1................................. 62 H.17 95Mbps 5s t2................................. 62 H.18 95Mbps 5s t3................................. 62 H.19 95Mbps 5s t4................................. 62 I.1................................. 63 I.2................................. 64 xiii
2.1 Windows XP DVTS........................ 6 2.2................................. 7 2.3...................... 8 2.4.................................... 9 2.5............................... 10 3.1 RTP................ 13 3.2........... 13 4.1 95Mbps 60Mbps ( )........... 19 5.1 R.......................... 26 xiv
1 1.1 1.1 CPU RTP 1
1.2 1.1 1.2 DVTS RTP 2
1.3 1.3 DVTS 1.4?? 1.5 2 3
1.5 1.2 1.5.1 RTP UDP UDP TCP RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol) UDP RTP 4
1.6 1.5.2 RTCP RTCP(RTP Control Protocol) RTP RTP RTCP RTP RTP 1.6 RTP RTP 5
2 RTP RTP 2.1 Windows DVTS(Digital Video Transport System) DVTS 1 1014byte RTP 0.08ms 125 23msec 1 125 33msec 2.1 Windows XP DVTS version 1.01 30.47Mbps RTP 1014Byte RTCP (Default) 8000 6
2.2 LAN RTP 2.2 LAN RTP 2.1 100Mbps Ethernet Tx Cx Rx 5 Smartbits?? RTP 2.2 PC FreeBSD VineLinux Zebra(ver.0.94) OSPF 2.1 2.2 Tx,Cx Rx R1,R4,R5 R2 R3 OS Windows XP Windows XP FreeBSD-5.4 VineLinux 3.1 VineLinux 3.1 CPU Pentium 4 3.00GHz Sempron 984MHz Celeron 2.66GHz Pentium 347.7MHz Pentium4 3.00GHz 512MB 512MB 512MB 128MB 512MB HDD 60GB 40GB 40GB 4GB 120GB 7
2.3 2.2.1 Ethereal 64byte UDP 2.3 2.3 5Mbps 10Mbps 20Mbps 30Mbps 7440 14480 29761 44642 tcpdump 7440 14480 29761 44642 Ethereal 7105 14091 22945 23437 Ethereal 30Mbps 52.5 2.2 10 UDP 2.3 60Mbps 95Mbps 5Mbps 8
2.3 2.2 2.3 4.1 2.4 4 60Mbps 90Mbps DVTS 30Mbps 60Mbps 95Mbps 100Mbps 100Mbps 5Mbps 2.4 60Mbps 65Mbps 70Mbps 75Mbps 80Mbps 85Mbps 90Mbps 95Mbps 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 0.6 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 0.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2.3.1 1024byte UDP UDP TCP DVTS 1014byte DVTS 1024byte 9
2.3 2.3 Smartbits 1 (60Mbps 95Mbps) 2.4 Smartbits 1 (60Mbps 95Mbps) 2.3.2 Smartbits InterPacketGap SmartBits 2.5 2.5 60Mbps 65Mbps 70Mbps 75Mbps 80Mbps 85Mbps 90Mbps 95Mbps (Byte) 1024 ( sec) 50.97 40.19 31.40 23.76 17.12 12.34 6 1.32 10
2.4 2.4 DVTS RTP RTP DVTS Ethereal 2.5 RTP DVTS 9 11
3 RTP RTP 3.1 Ethereal RTP Ethereal Ethereal RTP RTPAnalyze UDP DVTS RTP Windows DVTS RTP FreeBSD DVTS Packet Ethereal Sequence RTP 1 Delay(ms) Jitter(ms) RTCP RR(RTCP ) ) IP BW(kbps) 12
3.1 Ethereal RTP Status Date Length DVTS RTP Sequence Delay 3.1 3.2 3.1 RTP Packet Sequence Delay(msec) 1 5203 0 2 5204 0.08 3 5205 0.08 4 5206 22.00 5 5207 0.08 3.2 Packet Sequence Delay(msec) 1 5203 0 2 5204 0.09 3 5205 23.08 4 5206 0.16 5 5208 0.20 Packet3 Packet4 Delay Packet4 Sequence Sequence5207 Packet5 Delay Sequence5206 13
3.2 Sequence Delay 2 Frame Interval(msec) Packet Loss Amount 125 125 2 3.2 Frame Interval Packet Loss Amount 3.2.1 Frame Interval Frame Interval 125 3.1 3.1 Frame Interval 14
3.3 3.2.2 Packet Loss Amount Packet Loss Amount 125 Sequence 3.3 RTP Ethereal RTP Ethereal RTP CSV Excel Frame Interval Packet Loss Amount 15
4 2 60Mbps 3 2 60Mbps 3s t2 4.1 90Mbps 65Mbps 4.1.1 65Mbps 4.1 65Mbps 0.6 Frame Interval 3ms Frame Interval Frame Interval 23ms 5 Frame Interval 0.6 130 250 5 10 0.6 Frame Interval 23ms 2 Frame Interval 95Mbps 4.2 2 16
4.1 Frame Interval Frame Interval Frame Interval 23msec Frame Interval 65Mbps 0.6 4.1 65Mbps 0.6s t1 65Mbps 5s t1 4.2 95Mbps 0.6s t1 95Mbps 5s t1 17
4.2 4.1.2 60Mbps 0.6 Frame Interval 5 Frame Interval Frame Interval Frame Interval Frame Interval 4.2 4.2.1 95Mbps 4.3 4 Frame Interval 2ms 50 60Mbps 4.4 Frame Interval 95Mbps 4.1 Frame Interval 18
4.2 4.3 95Mbps 5 (4 ) 4.1 95Mbps 60Mbps ( ) 60Mbps 1.25 3660 95Mbps 0.59 292.5 4.2.2 65Mbps DVTS RTP Smartbits RTP 19
4.2 4.4 60Mbps 5 (4 ) Frame Interval 85Mbps 85Mbps RTP 20
4.3 4.3 4.3.1 Smartbits Frame Interval 4.5 Frame Interval 2 Frame Interval 1 4.5 1 (65Mbps 0.6s t4) 4.3.2 OSPF OSPF 21
4.4 OSPF Smartbits 4.4 Frame Interval 60Mbps Frame Interval Frame Interval Frame Interval Frame Interval 1. Frame Interval 2. Frame Interval 1 3. Frame Interval Frame Interval Frame Interval 4. 1 Frame Interval 5. Frame Interval 6. Frame Interval 33.3ms 22
4.4 Frame Interval Frame Interval 1 Frame Interval Frame Interval 23
5 Frame Interval Packet Loss Amount Frame Interval Frame Interval 5.1 60Mbps 90Mbps 5.1 F(i) : Frame Interval Frame Interval F DVTS Frame Interval Fj Fj-F F(i) Fj G : Frame Interval G 24
5.1 Q : 1 T p A/p 1 P : Frame Interval R : Frame Interval Frame Interval F(i) G Q P R 5.1 25
5.2 5.2 R 5.1 5.1 R -1 R -0.7-0.7 R -0.4-0.4 R -0.2-0.2 R 0.2 0.2 R 0.4 0.4 R 0.7 0.7 R 1 5.3 F(i) G F(i) G 5.2-0.9 G = 53 F (i) (5.1) Frame Interval 26
5.4 F(i) Q 5.2 5.4 F(i) Q F(i) Q 5.3 0.9 Q = 3 F (i) (5.2) 1 Frame Interval 27
5.5 F(i) p 5.3 1 5.5 F(i) p F(i) P 5.4 5.5 0.9 (5.3) 5 (5.4) 1 P = 5 F (i) + 100 (5.3) P F(i) 1 5.4 (5 ) 28
5.6 F(i) R P = 3 F (i) (5.4) 5.5 (1 ) P F(i) 5.6 F(i) R F(i) R 5.6 R 0.5 F(i) R R = 2 Ln(F (i)) (5.5) 5.7 F(i) G 1 Q Frame Interval R p 29
5.7 5.6 Frame Interval 30
6 RTP 6.1 RTCP 31
6.2 6.2 60Mbps 90Mbps 5Mbps 1 1 32
2 4 3 33
[1] TCP/IP 2 1998 [2] Colin PerKins TCP/IP RTP 2004 [3] QoS 27 pp.83-90 2003 [4] AV IP 16 pp.12 2004 [5] AV IP 2004. [6] DVTS http://www.dvts.jp/ 2005 2 16 [7] SmartBits http://www.toyo-spirent.com/smartbits/ 2005 2 16 [8] Zebra http://www.zebra.org/ 2005 2 16 [9] Ethereal http://www.ethereal.com/ 2005 2 16 [10] Kotaro TAMURA, Kazunori SHIMAMURA,, A study on IP path quality forecasting from the IP pass delay measurements, International Conference Next era Information Networking NEINE 05, pp.350-357, 2005. [11] Manpage of tcpdump http://www.linux.or.jp/jm/html/tcpdump/man1/tcpdump.1.html 2005 3 8 [12] Cygwin 2003 34
A 60Mbps A.1 60Mbps 0.3s t1 A.2 60Mbps 0.3s t2 A.3 60Mbps 0.3s t3 A.4 60Mbps 0.3s t4 35
A.5 60Mbps 0.6s t1 A.6 60Mbps 0.6s t2 A.7 60Mbps 0.6s t3 A.8 60Mbps 0.6s t4 A.9 60Mbps 1s t1 A.10 60Mbps 1s t2 A.11 60Mbps 1s t3 A.12 60Mbps 1s t4 36
A.13 60Mbps 3s t1 A.14 60Mbps 3s t2 A.15 60Mbps 3s t3 A.16 60Mbps 3s t4 A.17 60Mbps 5s t1 A.18 60Mbps 5s t2 A.19 60Mbps 5s t3 A.20 60Mbps 5s t4 37
B 65Mbps B.1 65Mbps 0.3s t1 B.2 65Mbps 0.3s t2 B.3 65Mbps 0.3s t3 B.4 65Mbps 0.3s t4 38
B.5 65Mbps 0.6s t1 B.6 65Mbps 0.6s t2 B.7 65Mbps 0.6s t3 B.8 65Mbps 0.6s t4 B.9 65Mbps 1s t1 B.10 65Mbps 1s t2 B.11 65Mbps 1s t3 B.12 65Mbps 1s t4 39
図 B.13 65Mbps 3s t1 図 B.14 65Mbps 3s t2 図 B.15 65Mbps 3s t3 図 B.16 65Mbps 3s t4 図 B.17 65Mbps 5s t1 図 B.18 65Mbps 5s t2 図 B.19 65Mbps 5s t3 図 B.20 65Mbps 5s t4 40
B.21 65Mbps 5s t3 B.22 65Mbps 5s t4 41
C 70Mbps C.1 70Mbps 0.3s t1 C.2 70Mbps 0.3s t2 C.3 70Mbps 0.3s t3 C.4 70Mbps 0.3s t4 42
C.5 70Mbps 0.6s t1 C.6 70Mbps 0.6s t2 C.7 70Mbps 0.6s t3 C.8 65Mbps 5s t3 C.9 65Mbps 5s t4 C.10 70Mbps 1s t1 C.11 70Mbps 1s t2 43
図 C.12 70Mbps 1s t3 図 C.13 70Mbps 1s t4 図 C.14 70Mbps 3s t1 図 C.15 70Mbps 3s t2 図 C.16 70Mbps 3s t3 図 C.17 70Mbps 3s t4 図 C.18 70Mbps 5s t1 図 C.19 70Mbps 5s t2 44
C.20 70Mbps 5s t3 45
D 75Mbps D.1 75Mbps 0.3s t1 D.2 75Mbps 0.3s t2 D.3 75Mbps 0.3s t3 D.4 75Mbps 0.3s t4 46
D.5 75Mbps 0.6s t1 D.6 75Mbps 0.6s t2 D.7 75Mbps 0.6s t3 D.8 75Mbps 0.6s t4 D.9 75Mbps 1s t1 D.10 75Mbps 1s t2 D.11 75Mbps 1s t3 D.12 75Mbps 1s t4 47
D.13 75Mbps 3s t1 D.14 75Mbps 3s t2 D.15 75Mbps 3s t3 D.16 75Mbps 3s t4 D.17 75Mbps 5s t1 D.18 75Mbps 5s t2 48
D.19 75Mbps 5s t3 D.20 75Mbps 5s t4 49
E 80Mbps E.1 80Mbps 0.3s t1 E.2 80Mbps 0.3s t2 E.3 80Mbps 0.3s t3 E.4 80Mbps 0.3s t4 50
E.5 80Mbps 0.6s t1 E.6 80Mbps 0.6s t2 E.7 80Mbps 0.6s t3 E.8 80Mbps 0.6s t4 E.9 80Mbps 1s t1 E.10 80Mbps 1s t2 E.11 80Mbps 1s t3 E.12 80Mbps 1s t4 51
E.13 80Mbps 3s t1 E.14 80Mbps 3s t2 E.15 80Mbps 3s t3 E.16 80Mbps 3s t4 E.17 80Mbps 5s t1 E.18 80Mbps 5s t2 52
E.19 80Mbps 5s t3 E.20 80Mbps 5s t4 53
F 85Mbps F.1 85Mbps 0.3s t1 F.2 85Mbps 0.3s t2 F.3 85Mbps 0.3s t3 F.4 85Mbps 0.3s t4 54
F.5 85Mbps 0.6s t1 F.6 85Mbps 0.6s t2 F.7 85Mbps 0.6s t3 F.8 85Mbps 0.6s t4 F.9 85Mbps 1s t1 F.10 85Mbps 1s t2 F.11 85Mbps 1s t3 55
図 F.12 85Mbps 3s t1 図 F.13 85Mbps 3s t2 図 F.14 85Mbps 3s t3 図 F.15 85Mbps 3s t4 図 F.16 85Mbps 5s t1 図 F.17 85Mbps 5s t2 図 F.18 85Mbps 5s t3 図 F.19 85Mbps 5s t4 56
G 90Mbps G.1 90Mbps 0.3s t1 G.2 90Mbps 0.3s t2 G.3 90Mbps 0.3s t3 G.4 90Mbps 0.3s t4 57
G.5 90Mbps 0.6s t1 G.6 90Mbps 0.6s t2 G.7 90Mbps 0.6s t3 G.8 90Mbps 0.6s t4 G.9 90Mbps 1s t1 G.10 90Mbps 1s t2 G.11 90Mbps 1s t3 G.12 90Mbps 1s t4 58
図 G.13 90Mbps 3s t1 図 G.14 90Mbps 3s t2 図 G.15 90Mbps 3s t3 図 G.16 90Mbps 3s t4 図 G.17 90Mbps 5s t1 図 G.18 90Mbps 5s t2 図 G.19 90Mbps 5s t3 図 G.20 90Mbps 5s t4 59
H 95Mbps H.1 95Mbps 0.3s t1 H.2 95Mbps 0.3s t2 H.3 95Mbps 0.3s t3 H.4 95Mbps 0.3s t4 60
H.5 95Mbps 0.6s t1 H.6 95Mbps 0.6s t2 H.7 95Mbps 0.6s t3 H.8 95Mbps 0.6s t4 H.9 95Mbps 1s t1 H.10 95Mbps 1s t2 H.11 95Mbps 1s t3 H.12 95Mbps 1s t4 61
図 H.13 95Mbps 3s t1 図 H.14 95Mbps 3s t2 図 H.15 95Mbps 3s t3 図 H.16 95Mbps 5s t1 図 H.17 95Mbps 5s t2 図 H.18 95Mbps 5s t3 図 H.19 95Mbps 5s t4 62
I I.1 Shaping( ) CPU I.1 I.1 63
I.2 I.2 FIFO(First In First Out) I.2 I.2 64