Kwansei Gakuin University Rep Title 登 山 行 動 に 関 する 社 会 心 理 学 的 研 究 : 登 山 動 機 の 構 造 とその 変 遷 Author(s) Okamoto, Takuya, 岡 本, 卓 也 ; Fujihara, Citation 関 西 学 院 大 学 社 会 学 部 紀 要, 120: 167-180 Issue Date 2015-03-15 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10236/13730 Right http://kgur.kawansei.ac.jp/dspace
March 2015 1 2 Why did you want to climb Mount Everest? Because it s there. 1886 1924 The New York Times, 1923 Everest is the highest mountain in the world, and no man has reached its summit. Its existence is a challenge. The answer is instinctive, a part, I suppose, of man s desire to conquer the universe. The New York Times, 1923 1966 1966 1986 26 C 26380841 2013
120 1963 19867 1986 2001 1953 18 16 17 Rousseau, 1761 Goethe, 1816 29 18 2009 19 4,000 2001
March 2015 1966 Weston, 18961905 2001 1956 2005 2001 1980 1964 1 1964 200 1992 2009 Ryn 1974 Bratton, Kinnear, & Koroluk 1979Ryn 1974 1968 1983, 1999, 2005 1989 Csikszentmihalyi, 1975, 1990 1989 20 2000 10
120 1 2013 9 10 14 5 2,763 m 1 4 2012 160 74 77 9 48.78(SD!16"08) 46.57(SD!16"45) 12 85 12 2 2014 9 21 24 4 1,620 m 3 110 71 39 43.69(SD!16"08) 41.79(SD!16"17) 11 73 8 1 Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 BREQ-2Moreno, Cervelló, & Martínez, 2007 5 Deci & Ryan, 1985 ; Ryan & Deci, 2000 5 2 1 1 (!2 (6)!7"37#n"s"#V!"17)
March 2015 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 8 5.5 7 6.1 15 5.8 17 11.7 14 12.3 31 12.0 30 20.7 30 26.3 60 23.2 26 17.9 18 15.8 44 17.0 20 13.8 8 7.0 28 10.8 32 22.1 33 28.9 65 25.1 12 8.3 4 3.5 16 6.2 145 100.0 114 100.0 259 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 4 5 1 6 10 11 7.6 16 13.8 27 10.4 37 25.7 14 12.1 51 19.6 27 18.8 29 25.0 56 21.5 37 25.7 30 25.9 67 25.8 32 22.2 144 27 23.3 59 22.7 116 260 3 1 2 5 5 10 11 20 20 19 13.2 16 13.9 28 10.8 46 31.9 48 41.7 46 17.8 25 17.4 15 13.0 55 21.2 15 10.4 24 20.9 69 26.6 39 27.1 12 10.4 55 21.2 144 115 259 2 1 (!2 (4)!9"62#p$"05#V!"19) 1 2 3 3 (!2 (4)!16"13#p$"01#V!"25) 20 11 20 4 (!2 (3)!5"50#n"s"#V!"14) 4 33 56 29 20 138 23.9 40.6 21.0 14.5 100.0 35 50 21 7 113 31.0 44.2 18.6 6.2 100.0 70 111 52 27 260 26.9 42.7 20.0 10.4 KJ KJ 1967 3 3 5 6 5
120 5 1 15 20 1 1 x y (!2 (4)!41"64#p$"01#V!"39) (!2 (1)!154"53#p$"01#V!"33) 10 20 40 70 2
March 2015 1 KJ 6 25 9.9 12 4.7 13 5.1 22 8.7 8 3.2 4 1.6 10 4.0 42 16.6 9 3.6 16 6.3 13 5.1 4 1.6 15 5.9 11 4.3 4 1.6 127 50.2 56 22.1 23 9.1 27 10.7 15 5.9 6 2.4 22 8.7 5 2.0 9 3.6 8 3.2 17 12.7 10 7.5 7 5.2 13 9.7 3 2.2 2 1.5 8 6.0 10 7.5 3 2.2 4 3.0 2 1.5 1 0.7 10 7.5 10 7.5 70 52.2 34 25.4 10 7.5 15 11.2 8 6.0 3 2.2 14 10.4 2 1.5 6 4.5 6 4.5 253 134 110 7 6.4 2 1.8 5 4.5 9 8.2 5 4.5 2 1.8 2 1.8 29 26.4 6 5.5 10 9.1 10 9.1 3 2.7 5 4.5 1 0.9 4 3.6 54 49.1 22 20.0 12 10.9 11 10.0 7 6.4 2 1.8 6 5.5 2 1.8 3 2.7 1 0.9
120 7 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 6.7 1 6.7 5 33.3 3 20.0 2 13.3 2 13.3 2 13.3 4 13.3 2 6.7 2 6.7 3 10.0 3 10.0 5 16.7 4 13.3 1 3.3 1 3.3 1 3.3 6 10.3 3 5.2 3 5.2 6 10.3 1 1.7 2 3.4 3 5.2 9 15.5 2 3.4 1 1.7 5 8.6 1 1.7 1 1.7 1 1.7 1 2.3 1 2.3 5 11.6 4 9.3 1 2.3 9 20.9 2 4.7 4 9.3 2 4.7 1 2.3 1 2.3 1 2.3 4 15.4 3 11.5 1 3.8 2 7.7 2 7.7 3 11.5 3 11.5 6 10.3 3 5.2 3 5.2 6 10.3 3 5.2 1 1.7 2 3.4 8 13.8 2 3.4 4 6.9 1 1.7 1 1.7 6 10.3 4 6.9 2 3.4 7 46.7 15 50.0 30 51.7 25 58.1 14 53.8 28 48.3 7 23.3 9 15.5 16 37.2 7 26.9 13 22.4 7 46.7 6 20.0 2 6.7 7 12.1 8 13.8 4 6.9 2 3.4 1 2.3 2 4.7 5 11.6 1 2.3 1 3.8 4 15.4 1 3.8 1 3.8 6 10.3 6 10.3 2 3.4 1 1.7 2 6.7 1 3.3 1 3.3 6 10.3 2 3.4 3 5.2 1 1.7 2 4.7 1 2.3 1 2.3 3 11.5 1 3.8 2 7.7 4 6.9 3 5.2 1 1.7 15 30 58 43 26 58 13 1 7.7 1 7.7 4 30.8 2 15.4 2 15.4 5 38.5 4 30.8 1 7.7 3 23.1 1 7.7 1 7.7 1 7.7 3 10 2 2 (F (4#428)!44"00# 2!"16) (F (1#428)!20"79# p$"01#!p 2!"61) p$"01#!p (F (4#428)! 2!"53) 36"75#p$"01#!p
March 2015 2 1 8 2! 2 (F (4#400)!34"67#p$"01#!p "26) (F (20#400)!2"12#p$"01#!p 2!"09) (F (5#100)!1"24#n"s"#!p 2!"06) 8 SD Mean SD 4.53 0.75 4.05 1.11 3.69 1.14 2.57 1.43 2.38 1.41 Mean SD 3.22 1.54 2.69 1.24 3.99 1.03 2.85 1.38 3.38 1.21 9
120 3 2 9 Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD 1.50 1.38 2.08 1.31 0.17 1.53 0.58 1.31 1.00 0.95 2.89 1.17 0.78 1.48 0.67 1.32 0.67 1.87 1.22 1.39 2.59 1.58 1.35 2.09 0.94 1.64 0.35 1.54 0.94 2.22 2.25 1.28 1.63 0.74 0.50 1.07 0.38 0.92 1.75 2.25 0.47 1.57 1.31 1.54 0.00 1.50 0.29 1.85 0.96 1.92 1.11 2.52 0.89 1.17 0.56 1.33 0.78 1.79 0.78 2.44
March 2015 1 3 60 30 1980 1 6 1 5 2004 6 2008 7 2008 Crompton, 1979 2001
120 2001 2003 1999, 2000 ab, 2001, 2002, 2003 6 2 3 40 50 60 1999 2001, 2003 2008 Bratton, R. D., Kinnear, G., & Koroluk, G. 1979. Why man climbs mountains. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 14 2, 23 26. Crompton, J. L., 1979. Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6 4, 408 424. Csikszentmihalyi, M. 1975. Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass. M. 2000 Csikszentmihalyi, M. 1990. Flow : The psychology of optimal experience. New York : Harper Collins. 1996 Deci,E.L.&Ryan,R.M. 1985. The general causality orientations scale : Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109 134. 1999 182, 157 169. 2000 a 2 85, 109 115. 2000 b 3 88, 23 31. 2001 4 90, 55 69.
March 2015 2002 5 91, 61 70. 2003 6 93, 73 91. 1964 1992 200 2009 26, 45 62. Goethe, J. W. von. 1916 17 Italienische Reis. 1960 2000 4 121 37. 2004 97, 97 104. 2008 48 117 31. 1966 1989 5, 21 26. 2012 37 1953 1987 1968 6, 1 16. 2001 1963 2005 2005 9 http : // www.jac.or.jp/info/news/200509.htm Moreno,J.A.,Cervelló,E.M.,&Martínez,A. 2007. Measuring self-determination motivation in a physical fitness setting : validation of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 BREQ-2 in a Spanish sample. The Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47 3, 366 378. Rousseau,J.J. 1761. La nouvelle Helois 1960 Ryan,R.M.&Deci,E.L. 2000. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68 78. Ryn, Z., 1974. Psychopathology in Alpinism. The Himalayan Journal, 32. Reprinted from Acta Medica Polona, 12, 453 467. 1983 27, 63 74. 1999 31, 21 3. 2005 34 3/4301 307. 1989 11, 41 44. 2001 The New York Times 1923. Climbing Mount Everest is work for supermen. March 18, 1923 The New York Times. Weston, W. 1896. Montaineering and exploration in the Japan alps. 1997 1986
120 Social Psychological Study of Mountain Climbing: Structure of Alpinism Motivation and its Development ABSTRACT In this paper, we aim to delineate the structure of alpinism motivation and examine the development of such motivations. A total of 270 respondents who climbed the Japanese Northern Alps completed the questionnaire at mountain lodges. Results show alpinism motivation consisted mainly of six motives: spontaneous motive, natural motive, invitational motive, spiritual motive, nostalgia motive, and healthy motive. The optimal scaling of the climbers demographic variables indicate four types of climbers: 1) mainly young women who climb with friends and are influenced by others or media, 2) mainly young men climbing alone and for introspection, 3) mainly old men climbing for health reasons, and 4) mainly old women climbing with family for a sense of fulfillment and to extend a hiking experience. From these findings, we compare alpinism motivation with tourism and pilgrim motivation. Key Words: climbing, alpinism motivation, self-determination theory