Title 伝 統 宗 教 の 動 態 : 北 タイ 赤 ラフ 族 の 宗 教 Author(s) 西 本, 陽 一 Citation 金 沢 大 学 文 学 部 論 集. 行 動 科 学 哲 学 篇, 28: 65-172 Issue Date 2008-03-31 Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Text version publisher URL http://hdl.handle.net/2297/9733 Right *KURAに 登 録 されているコンテンツの 著 作 権 は, 執 筆 者, 出 版 社 ( 学 協 会 )などが 有 します *KURAに 登 録 されているコンテンツの 利 用 については, 著 作 権 法 に 規 定 されている 私 的 使 用 や 引 用 などの 範 囲 内 で 行 ってください * 著 作 権 法 に 規 定 されている 私 的 使 用 や 引 用 などの 範 囲 を 超 える 利 用 を 行 う 場 合 には, 著 作 権 者 の 許 諾 を 得 てください ただし, 著 作 権 者 から 著 作 権 等 管 理 事 業 者 ( 学 術 著 作 権 協 会, 日 本 著 作 出 版 権 管 理 システムなど)に 権 利 委 託 されているコンテンツの 利 用 手 続 については, 各 著 作 権 等 管 理 事 業 者 に 確 認 してください http://dspace.lib.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/dspac
Dynamics of Traditional Religion: Lahu Nyi of North Thailand Yoichi NISHIMOTO 2006: 6-7 1986: 111-113 La: Hu/ 70 2 1
2004 Gui; sha ne: La: Hu/ Nyi? 1950 1980 Maw[ Na{ Paw Hku: 1 1999 3 2001 2 chaw ya:to nu: to sha{suh{ ceh; va: ceh; g ui; sha ne: 2 3 2
g ui; shane: 4 5 aw; bon aw; shin? na[ sheh/ hpa: o? k o/ pui ve peh: tu? pa/peh: haw tu? ve 6 mvuh: 7 8 1969: 112-113 aw; bon aw; shin? ven: ba{ 9 aw; li: te ve aw; hi[ te ve 10 g ui; sha ca ve G ui; sha leh; te: ton ti? yo; 3
a pa Sha? Ca{ ai ma 11 12 13 14 Na Ca? Ma Na K u Ma Na Hkai Ma Na Shin? Ma Na Bon Ma Na Vi? Ti[ ca ve 15 ya[ la ve ven: ba{ keh; la ve aw; bon aw; shin? ne: aw; haw? aw; bon aw; shin? che[ ve 4
Walker 1983: 36-37 1 g ui; sha Sha? Ca{ ai ma ne: Pi Ya: aw; sheh/ hpa: chaw suh chaw ya: aw; to aw; ha to nu: to sha{ suh{ ceh; va: ceh; Pi Ya: 6 Pi Ya: 16 maw? pa/ ne: lon? 17 5
heh ja: ve 18 Walker 1976: 382 Pi Ya: ca ve 1 2 3 4 5 6 19 aw; sheh/ hpa: hk aw ne: law; ne: i? ka{ ne: 20 21 22 mvuh: hteh[ ne: taw/ ve 23 chaw suh 24 6
chaw suh aw/ ca/ pi: ve 25 chaw suh yeh; chaw suh mvuh: mi; taw/ ve jaw yeh; jaw mvuh: nyi la: ca: ve ha pa pa/ ca: ve 26 jaw te ve meh; suh ma: da[ ve aw; vi? aw; nyi 27 28 meh; kao: la ve 29 30 meh; jaw[ ve meh; taw/ ve 31 aw; bon 32 mvuh: ne: 7
33 G u Li? Ya? 34 mvuh: ne: shi/ che[ ve 35 36 k o{ da[ hpeh[ ve 37 8
tsuh? tsuh: taw[ taw[-e 38 39 tsuh? tsuh: che[ ve g a{ taw[-e tsuh? tsuh: caw; pa/ 40 41 sha{ ta; 42 pi? ta ngaw-e shi? g eu[ ka{ eh{ chaw hteun/ heh pui? hk aw 43 chaw hteun/ 44 aw; ha aw; to 45 chaw suh mvuh: mi; aw; ha hk u hk aw[ ve aw; bon 9
g ui; sha ne: tsuh? tsuh: chaw hteun/ g ui; sha hpaw: ne: hpaw: 46 g ui; sha ca ve ne: ca ve maw? pa/maw? 47 48 49 10
aw; hkaw: shi/ ve cf. Walker 1981: 671 to bo haw? yeh; 50 shin? nyi sa/ la[ a ca la shaw/ 3 sa/ la[ ma a ca ma la shaw/ ma 51 4 52 2 ta: la: pa/ka: shaw? ma 4 chaw ya: leu{ ve g ui; sha leu{ ve 53 11
54 55 A Pa Sha? Ca{ ai ma bon ku; ve pa{ keh ve peh: haw/ nyi ve taw/ ve 56 4 a ga? bon te pa/ 57 Ca; Heh Ta: La: Ta: La: Lon? 58 Walker 1975a: 120 12
14-15 shin? nyi shin? nyi 59 60 a daw: hk a{ sheh/ shin? tan/ nyi yeh; bon pa/ i? ka{ li: shaw da[ ve 3 61 62 2 4 2 li: kaw{ co ngeh{ 6 i? ka{ deh 6 13
Walker 1975a: 120, 1983 a daw: a ga? 63 64 65 la shaw/ ma 4 6 2 i? ka{ deh 66 14
Walker 2003: 401-408 aw; bon aw shin? 67 paweh: te ve naw/ ca; k o/ shehn/ 68 69 aw; bon aw; shin? hk aw[ ca: ve 8 12 70 ya: mi: hk aw[ hk aw[ lon? haw? hk a{ hk aw[ hk aw[ eh? 15
bon ku; ve hk aw[ ceh; hk aw[ sheh/ hpa: aw; bon aw; shin? 71 a; sho-e; hta: k o heh hk a: u? mui; ve 72 heh pui? hk aw hk aw ne: 73 a? htaw ta: heu{ pi{ aw; li: meh? ve aw; tsuh[ 20 4 ma: da[ ma: na ve taw/ ve aw; bon aw; shin? 74 4 75 shin? lon? 76 77 shin? nyi 2 3 2 2000 4 18 17 sheh: kaw; ve sa? la{ te ve 78 79 2000 7 16
11 4 kaw mo: ceh; 80 htu: ceh; 81 sheh: kaw; ceh; heh pui? hk aw 82 ven: ba{ taw/ ba; ve 83 sha: 84 aw; bon aw; shin? sha: 85 ma: da[ ma: na ve taw/ ve aw; hpeu; sha-a-a-a: a? mvuh hkehn 86 aw; bon aw; shin? 17
sha? la{ te ve 2000 2 hk aw ne: aw; bon aw; shin? sha? la{ aw; bon 87 6 9 30 4 aw; hti/ 2 3 9 6 6 phi? ho: phi? ha ne: lon? 88 aw; bon aw; shin? 89 3 6 sha-a-a-a: g ui; lon? sha lon? aw; bon aw; shin? 18
hkaw? tan: aw; ha ma: cheh: ve aw; ha hk u hk aw[ ve khao phansa hkao; shin? hkao; ve ok phansa aw{ shin? aw{ ve 90 2000 7 15 16 7 16 shin? nyi lon? 15 shi? nyi eh? 14 shin? tan/ nyi 7 i? ka{ li: shaw da[ ve 91 yeh; bon pa/ 9 11 bon ku; ve a? mvuh hkehn 92 yeh; sheh/ ma mi? chaw 1-2 hpeu: meu: ca 1-2 meu: ven: sha: ve 19
sha-a-a-a: taw/ ve 2 93 maw: le; ve 94 hk aw ne: law ne: hkao; ve 2000 8 13 95 96 97 98 99 aw; bon aw; shin? heh nu: o? k o/ ta/ ve 100 ne: lon? 2 6 sha-a-a-a: 20
101 6 peh: daw 102 a? mvuh hkehn ne: te ve ne: ca ve ca; suh? aw/ ca: ve 103 104 2000 10 9 8 sha? la{ Htai 105 htu: ceh; 106 5 4 1 bon te pa/ 107 va[ sha/ ca: ve ka[ te[ chi? ma: he{ he{ tu; te ve va[ sha/ ca: hta: te ve, ma: te k o va[ sha/ ca: bvuh{ ve 108 ven: ba{ ma: da[ ma: na ve taw/ ve taw/ ba; ve 109 6 i? ka{ li: shaw 21
da[ ve 6 6 110 111 112 2 chaw maw: aw; ve{ kai? 5 113 aw; hkaw: shi/ ve 2 ca vea pa Sha? Ca{ NGO aw; vi? aw; nyi, 22
bon te ve bon heu{ ve bon peh: haw/ tu? ve 114 115 10 10 10 5 116 117 sha:-a-a a? mvuh hkehn meu: ven: ve meu: ven: ha ven: 23
Walker 1975a: 120, 1983 i? ka{ li: shaw da[ ve bon 2000 10 13 11 shin? tan; nyi 12 shin? eh? 13 shin? lon? 12-13 12 13 118 12 yeh; bon pa/ haw? yeh; 119 120 24
121 1 2 3 aw; ha 4 5 aw; g a: ma: maw; ve aw; ca: ma: meh; ve zuh[ ma: meh; ve zuh[ ma{ ma: da[ ve bon nu; ve 122 123 sathani anamai 124 3 125 aw; ha hk u hk aw[ vebon te ve 25
3 * * * * *? *? * * * * hkaw? tan: a? mvuh hkehn pa{ keh vetaw/ ve 126 k ao/ pi ve a? mvuh hkehn 127 26
bon te ve bon te ve aw; bon aw; shin? 128 a? mvuh hkehn peh: haw/ tu? ve 129 130 aw; hkaw: shi/ ve 131 132 haw? bon law; ve 27
133 sha? la{ te ve 134 aw; ha hk u hk aw{ ve bon te ve 135 bon bon va[ daw{ leh a? mvuh hkehn tcuh? ve aw; bon ca ve 28
aw; bon 136 ca/ la ve Aw; pa aw; e leh g ui; sha yo; ka: pui: ka: lao 137 138 ca/ pi: ve aw; bon aw; pa aw e aw; li: ma: bi: ve aw; pa aw; e aw; li: caw; pi: ve yeh; hpaw: pa{ keh; ve 29
naw; pu naw; pi/ aw; li: caw; pi{ 2 40 120 5 aw; hpeu; a? mvuh hkehn 139 140 2 i? ka{ tsuh: pi: ve 141 hkehn pui suh? taw; ve 142 hkehn pui che[ ve aw; bon 143 30
chaw suh meh; aw; ha 144 gu{ gu{ pi pfuh/ ve aw; hkaw: k ao/ pi: ve 145 Ne: pi pfuh/ ve ne: pi pfuh/ ve 40 146 hpeh: ve aw; hkaw: k ao/ pi: ve 147 sha{ meu{ ve sha{ sha{ meu{ ve meu{ ve 31
she/ she/ pa/ 148 ya: mi: ha? sha{ sha{ ha[ g a{ pfuh/ tcuh? nyi ve g a{ pfuh/ nyi ve va[ sheh/ nyi ve 149 32
taw: hte[ nyi ve 150 151 152 peh: haw/ nyi ve peh: tu? nyi ve G ui; sha ya[ la ve G ui; sha htu: ve ta: la: ka: shaw? ma 153 33
g ui; sha ca ve ven: ba{ 154 155 156 157 158 Shu ta: ti? peh/ Shu ta: daw{ Shu maw: ta: hk aw: Shu mia Shu aw; pa/ ta: hk aw: Fin/ ta: daw; Ya ma: shi/ ta: te 34
Tan: ka; ta: te Tzuh; ta: daw; Shu hta[ ta: he/ Shi? nyi k o kan? ma: te Shi? nyi k o a? hk aw ta[ i? cheh: Shi? nyi k o sha/ ta: ca: a; shoe; hta: 159 160 161 g ui; sha hta[ hpi{ ve 162 35
163 164 chaw maw: hkaw: 165 166 167 La: Hu/ aw; hi[ La: Hu/ aw; li: 168 169 ven: ba{ 170 ne: 36
171 37
172 haw? yeh; 173 174 2 shin? nyi 175 176 177 ya[ la ve mui kui; u? geh: 178 kaw maw: ceh; thu: hi? ya[ la ve ne: ca ve shi? tan; nyi aw; bon aw shin? 38
taw/ ve ven: ba{ keh; la ve 179 yeh; bon pa/ kan: pa{ 180 peh: daw 181 182 yeh; haw? yeh; hk a{ bon te ve yeh; bon pa/ hk aw ne: i? ka{ ne: 184 heh pui? hk aw ne: hta[ o? k o/ pui ve 39
ne: hta[ k ao/ pi: ve cf. Walker 2003 7-8 2000 40
1950 1970 Maw[ Na{ Paw Hku: maw[ na{ paw hku: Matisoff 1988: 858 185 186 37 4 187 10 10 pa? 10 188 1950 1980 Lintner 1999, Smith 1999, Sombat 1997, 2002 19 Young 1962: 11, Lewis 1970: 88 189 190 41
Walker 1974 191 Walker 2003: Ch.9 mvuh: kaw ma ven: ba{ Sombat 1997: 97-98 G ui; sha tcuh?-a ve G ui; sha nyi ma hk aw daw: keu la ve 192 193 42
20 19 Walker 2003, 2005 1903 Law Ca; Bon Walker 2003: 518-519 1918 Walker 2003: 519 1920 Ca; La: 194 195 Walker 2003: 519-520 Ma? Heh G ui; Sha 1920 43
Telford 1937: 143-144, 226 1930 Ca; Heh G ui; Sha H. Young n.d.: 135, Walker 2003: 517-519 1950 Paw Hku: Ye haw? yeh; 196 Walker 2003: 523-524 1980 Ca; Nu{ Ca; Nu{ Hpa: Ya:Ca; Nu{ Sha? Ca{ 197 1989 Solot 1989 198 Mong Hsat Mong Ton1980 80 1950 Ka Kwe Ye 1958 199 Young 1962: 11, Lewis 1970: 88 1973 1 Hpa; Ya: Ca; Ui/ 200 Lintner 1999, Smith 1999, Hanks and Hanks 2001, Lewis 1970, Lewis and Lewis 1984, Walker 1974, 2003, Sombat 1997, 2002 44
1949-50 Sombat 1997, 2002 201 aw; vi? aw; nyi La: Hu/ ya: Sombat 1997, 2002 202 pa{ keh ve peh: daw Sombat 1997, 2002 ven: ba{ pa[ keh ve 203 204 Sombat 1997, 2002 1 2 3 45
4 5 6 Yaw: shi/ pui? ja: A shi/ pui? ja: 20 kan: pa{ caw; ve B C shi/ pui? ja: D C hk a; deh[ htu: pi: ve kan: pa{ ui/ vema? Heh To Bo 205 1967 2 1968 206 3 jaw: maw: o; 46
207 kan: pa{ 208 1968 209 210 211 4 shi/ pui? ja: ve yo; Walker 2003: 527-528 212 213 214 47
215 4 Walker 2003: 505-506 216 217 Gui; sha tcuh? mi veg ui; sha ve meh{ hpfuh: hta[ g a maw; ve cf. Matisoff 1988: 503 218 Walker 2003: 505-525 Young 1962: 11, Lewis 1970: 86 Lewis 1970: 86, Sombat 1997, 2002 1967 2 219 30 48
Lintner 1999: 277 A A B A B A A 220 ma: hte: bon ku; 221 na; pi[ ma: keh veaw; li: meh; taw/ le{ 222 taw/ na{ shi/ ma: heu{ pi{ shu{ 223 49
Young 1962: 11 Young 1962: 11, Lewis 1970: 86, Sombat 1997, 2002 Lewis 1970; 37, Lewis and Lewis 1984: 197 Walker 2003: 533 Ma? Heh G ui; Sha Ma[ Na{ To Bo Bradley 1977: 49, Lewis 1986: 266 Cao; Ta Shi/ Ya: Ui/ Cao; Ta Shi/ Lewis 1984: 88 ma[ baw{ pa/ ma: da[ ve 224 1973 1980 1980 1980 Lintner 1999:323-324, Smith 1999: 347-348 50
Ca; Heh Ta: La: Ta: La: Pa/ 2000 2000 4 225 60 1960 7-8 1993-94 bon te pa/ 226 51
G ui; sha ya[ la ve 1993 94 3 bon ku; ve 227 228 aw; bon te ve aw; li: te ve pa{ keh ve ven: ba{ hkaw? tan: 229 aw; tsuh[ keu ve G ui; sha htu: ve 3 230 ka{ ve 231 bon ku; ve 52
Ai Ma Na Ca? Ma 232 233 gu: ve 234 aw; li: 2-3 6-9 bon ku; ve haw? yeh; shin? nyi shin? tan/ nyi 235 nyi ma hk aw daw: keu la ve 236 53
aw; hpeu; 237 aw; ve{ kai? 238 5 1 Ca; Mvuh: Caw 239 4 aw; li: teh; teh; 4 1 6 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 15 24 22+ 7 6+ 6.5 1 2 3 4 5 1 4 yeh; bon pa/ 240 54
hti/ kan: pa{ peh: daw htu: ceh; kaw mo: ceh; li: kaw{ aw; tsuh[ taw/ ve 241 2000 4 242 ne: 55
hta[ o? k o/ ma: pui 243 aw; sheh/ hpa: chaw suh yeh; ne: chaw suh yeh; bon pa/ cf. Bunchuai 1963: 214, Walker 2003: 136-139 taw/ ba; ve aw; tsuh[ ma: da[ ma: na ve 244 aw; nyi pa/ ve aw; li: aw; vi? pa/ ve aw; li: 245 sha/ hpa: nu:-e ve aw; li: 246 56
aw; li: teh; teh; maw? pa/ aw; li: 247 bon aw; li: 2 3 4 5 bon ku; aw; li: te ve 2-3 aw; bon te ve aw; li: aw; tsuh[ K o{ teh; teh; k o, ma: daw: caw:, aw; li: chi 57
hkaw? tan: hkaw? tan: te, aw; bon te, a? mvuh hkehn tcuh? pa{ keh ve keu ve pa{ keh ve 58
yeh; bon pa/ teh: ma/ la: 30 yeh; ne: bon bon te ve 59
2 hk a{ u? pa/ hk aw ne: law; ne: 248 hk a{ bon te ve 60
ne: hai/ ve 249 250 251 252 aw; li: ne: o? k o/ pui ve 1950 1915-20 Walker 2003: 523 Paw Hku: Ye 1950 61
18 253 254 255 Walker 2003: 523 256 50 257 258 1891 Pahom Pok 259 McCarthy 1994 1900 : 130-131 62
spirit-house Ban Sen Pom McCarthy 1994 1900 : 141 spirit-house McCarthy 1994 1900 : 142 19 haw? yeh; hk a{ seu[ 260 8 sha: seu[ Young 1962: 11 1963 20 Musue Daeng 261 262 15 63
yeh; ne: Bunchuai 1963: 214 263 Bunchuai 1963: 221 phi phi fa phi ruan phi muban phraphumcao 264 Bunchuai 1963: 222-223 265 266 267 htu: ceh; 3 7 8 8 268 269 270 paweh: te 20 64
Bunchuai 1963: 226-227 2 2 ne: hai; ja: ve 271 1 2 34 4 Walker 1974, 2003: Ch.9 65
a sho-e; hta: ve La: Hu/ ve li: teh; teh; 272 66
2000 Nishimoto 2000 aw; hi[ aw; li: aw; li: aw; hi[ 273 Matisoff 1988: 215 Matisoff 1988: 197 aw; li: aw; hi[ hik 274 Cushing 1912: 636 chaw ceu; 275 a; sho-e; chaw maw: 67
co-e: ve aw; li: teh; teh; 276 O: hta: ka[ hk e te la; ve yo; Chaw maw: co-e: hta: ka[ hk e te la ve Aw; hi[ Aw; li: hk e caw; ve O: hk e aw; hi[ caw;, g a te ve o: hta: a; sho-e; hta:chaw maw: te: co-e: 277 chaw maw: 278 Kaw: Law: G ui; lon?, hpa/ sheh/ hpa:, aw; hi[ aw; kaw: hpa/ sheh/ hpa:, A Pa Sha? Ca{ aw; hi[ aw; kaw: 279 280 chaw ceu; 68
281 cf. 1983: 56-57 282 La: Hu/ aw; li: ma: ha/ 12 14 hi[ si[ saw?, kaw: si[ si/ 283 284 La: Hu/ aw; hi[ aw; li: 1983: 56-57 2000 La: Hu/ te ve La: Hu/ aw; li: yeh: ve 69
aw; li: te: ma ti? te ve meun: hk aw hku? hpaw: Lienhardt 1961: 53-55, Geertz 1973: 107 bon ma/ ve a shu yaw: ve aw; hi[ hk a deh[ te aw; hi[ aw; li: te ve 7-8 1-2 aw; 70
bon te ve Ta: La: Pa/ aw; hi[ te ve[ aw; pa aw; e ven: ba[ chaw maw: ven: ba[ pfuh: ve aw; pa aw; e aw; li: i? ka{ tsuh: pi: a? mvuh hkehn tcuh? aw; li: te ve 285 2 aw; pa aw; e aw; li: caw; pi: ve aw; li: aw; li: aw; li: K o{ teh; teh; k o, ma: daw: caw:, aw; li: chi 71
Aw; teh; teh; k o, G ui; sha bai? ma: ca ve aw; li: aw; suh? te la ve haw? bon law; ve bon te ve bon 286 72
2 73
2000 Nishimoto 2000 1 La: Hu/ peh: tu? pa/ 2 Nishimoto 2000 3 4 Pi ya: 5 74
6 i? ka{ tsuh: pi: ve a? mvuh hkehn a? mvuh hkehn tcuh? pa/ 7 8 dei otiosi 1969: 112-113 9 10 aw; li: aw; hi[ 11 Walker 1976: 379 75
1995: 205 12 satya 13 Sombat Boonkamyeung Solot 1989 Ca; Nu{ Sha? Ca{ 1960 Walker 2003: 389n 14 15 Na Ca? Ma Na ca? ca?ve ma 16 pi ya: hpi? ya[lewis 1986: 289, Matisoff 1988: 890 hpi? ya[ ya[ raksa Sombat Boonkamyeung pi ya: hpi? ya[ yak yaksa Walker 2003: 167n129 pi ya: hpi? ya[ pi ya: hpi? ya[ 17 1960 Walker 2003: 167 76
18 3 Walker 2003: 181n30, 167, 258-59 19 Walker 1983: 32 20 hk a{ u? pa/ 21 Walker 2003 yeh; ne: yeh; bon pa/ 22 23 24 Chaw suh Du 1999: 25 25 26 1960 jaw mvuh: ne: Walker 2003: 147-48 meh; meh; jaw[ ve 77
27 ma: cheh: pui? ve 28 29 30 bon ma: ui/ ve bon nu; ve 31 bon te ve 32 meh; jaw[ ve 33 mvuh: ne: Walker 2003: 147-48 3 34 g u; li? ya? 35 ya[ la ve 36 Tannenbaum 1993: 72 37 38 tsuh? tsuh: taw[taw[-e g a{ taw[-e 39 78
ma: hpeh[, ma: hpeh[ 40 aw; mia vui; ve shu geh cheh: ve 41 sorcerer witch = 2001 42 43 hpi? tan ngaweh Lewis 1986: 288 44 chaw hteun/ Hteun/ thoen Lewis 1986: 343, Hudak 2000: 274 45 cf. Walker 1983: 39-41 46 2005 47 Maw? mo pa/ 1960 ne: te pa/ ne: te sheh/ hpa: cf. Walker 1976: 383 79
48 49 50 51 to bon mameh bon ma 52 3 Walker 2003: 387-400 i? ka{ li: shaw da[ ve cf. Walker 1981 53 nyi ma ha/ ve ven: va{ 54 55 cf. Walker 1974 56 ne: hta[ o? k o/ ma: pui ve 80
57 58 59 14 15 shin? nyi shin? nyi wan shin wan shin wan phra 7-8 shin? aw; shin? 100 aw; shin? 30-40 aw; aw; shin? aw; shin? aw bon aw; shin? shin? nyi shin? shin? nyi shin? wan shin shin shin? nyi shin? nyi 1960 Terwiel 1994: 131 60 Te: ka; a: k ai. Ya[ nyi shin? nyi cheh: ve. 61 1960 Walker 2003: 401-408 i? ka{ li: yu; da[ ve i? ka{ li: shaw da[ ve i? ka{ tsuh: da[ ve i? ka{ li: yu; da[ ve 62 63 64 i? ka{ tsuh: pi: ve 81
1968: 243-244 a? mvuh hkehn 65 Du 2003 66 li: kaw{ 3 67 bo ku; ve 68 69 70 2 71 1960 Walker 2003: 416 aw; hkaw: shi/ ve 72 73 74 1960 heh ma: hpaw: she/ hta: Walker 2003: 223-225 75 7 76 2 shin? nyi shin? eh? 3 shin? lon? 82
shin? nyi lon? Walker 2003 shin? lon? 77 sheh: kaw; shin? nyi sheh: kaw; ve sa? la{ te ve 78 sheh: kaw; ve Walker 2003: 444 79 80 kaw mo: korng mu Cushing 1914: 71 81 htu: thung Matisoff 1988: 681 82 Walker 2003: 438-444 83 84 sa thu 85 86 87 sala sha? la{ sha laa Hudak 2000: 218 sala 88 hk aw ne: law; ne: 89 aw; bon aw; shin? 83
ne: hta[ o? k o/ pui ve Ca; Heh ta: la: aw; hi[ 90 3 91 14 92 a? mvuh hkehn tcuh? pi: ve 93 1960 hkao; shin? nyi 2 2 Walker 2003: 444-445 94 le; ve maw: le; ve Matisoff 1988: 1374 95 96 3 3 3 97 1960 98 4 99 9 84
100 101 102 6 5 103 2000 10 10 10 27 11 11 ca; nu aw/ pi/ ca: ve aw; sha? 104 105 sala 106 wat 85
haw? yeh; wat 107 a daw: La: Hu/ aw; li: 108 109 110 111 16 6 aw; vi? aw; nyi 112 113 86
114 yeh; bon pa/ G ui; sha sha/ ma: ca: law yeh; ne: aw; pa aw; e 1960 yeh; ne: Walker 2003: 210-216 115 3 ca li? pa/ 116 aw; ve{ kai? 117 5 5 4 5 118 1960 Walker 2003: 444-453 119 aw; vi? 120 peh: daw 121 10 Walker 1983: 232 87
122 bon nu; ve bon ui/ hta: k o bon nu; la hta: k o 123 aw; li: te ve aw; li: te ve 124 aw; ha chaw suh mvuh: mi; 125 ne: hta[ o? k o/ pui ve 126 127 aw; ha hku hk aw[ vebon te ve aw; ha 128 lo: ki; ya:la: Hu/ Nyi? ne: hta[ o? k o/ pui ve 129 aw; bon ma: g a 130 aw; bon te ve aw; bon g a ve 88
131 k a mui; ve 132 taw/ ba; ve 133 134 sha? la{ sala sha? la{ bun 135 Tham di dai di, tham chua dai chua tham bun G ui; sha mvuh: mi; 136 137 hk a: ci: peh; g ui; sha 138 hkui pi: ve 139 a? hpe[ 40-60 2 89
peh: haw/ tu? ve 140 1-2 141 aw; hkaw: shi/ pa/ 142 hkeh pui suh? taw ve 2005: 151 2005: 151-152 143 nan; mon: gui; taw ve daw; ve paw hku: ma[ che[ ve 144 1960 Paw Hku: Lon? 1950 70 Walker 1983:33 145 Pi Ya: 146 147 90
148 Ku/ Lao: ta: la: ca ve sha{ shi/ ja: ve 149 150 taw:hte[ (ve) Matisoff 1988:683-84 151 paw hku: 1960 Walker 2003:180 152 beh; ve mvuh: hteh[ ne: i? ka[ ne: 153 154 91
155 156 157 158 20 Bunchuai 1963: 224 159 1 2 3 4 160 ven: ba{ pfuh/ ve pa{ keh ve bon ui/ hta: 161 162 163 164 165 chaw maw: hkaw: 166 1996 Ya ma: shi/ ta: te 167 92
168 169 shu hta[ ha leh; pi: ve, aw; chaw: te ve 170 ven: wen Matisoff 1988: 1331 ba{ ba[ baap baap paapa Matisoff 1988: 932, 2005: 223 171 172 1976: 42 173 haw? yeh; hor yeh; bon yeh; bon yeh; 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 Lewis 1986: 160 kan: pa{ kan: pa{ words of power; the powerful words of divinity, divinely efficarious words Matisoff 1988: 325, 813 kan: pa{ kan: pa{ 93
A pa Sha? Ca{ Sha? Ca{ 3 2 1 kan: pa{ 181 182 183 heh pui? hk aw 184 jaw te ve meh; jaw[ ve meh; jaw[ ve G ui; fu/ yeh; ne: Walker 1976 185 paw hku: Matisoff 1988: 858 dreamer H. Young n.d. prophet pu cong pho kun Lewis 1986: 266 Bradley 1977: 49 - cf. Bradley 1977: 50 1966 1970 to bo 186 2005: 65 187 A? Te Fu/ Cu: A? Sha Fu/ Cu: 94
2006 188 10 11 11 G ui; sha ya[ la ve 10 10 189 2 2005: 61 190 191 g ui; shasha? ca{ Maw[ Na{ Ma[ Na{ Paw Hku:Ma[ Na{ To Bo Ma[ Na{ G ui; Sha Paw Hku: Lon? Lewis 1970; 37, Lewis and Lewis 1984: 197 Ma? Heh G ui; Sha Maw[ Na{ G ui; Sha 1970 80 Ca; Nu{ 192 a; sho-e; hta: ve paw hku: ve taw: hkaw: chaw maw: hkaw: 193 194 195 196 60 95
197 Hpa: Ya: Lon? Sombat Boonkamyeung 198 Maw[ Na{ To Bo Paw Hku: Lon? paw hku: pu cawn lon pu kyawng lon Maw[ Na{ Paw hku: to bo 199 ca; ti[ daw; ti[, co ti[ ha ti[ B A B 200 Ca; Ui/ Ca; Ui/ Hpa: ya: Matisoff 1988: 883 caw; fa? cao fa hpa: ya: pha ya paw meun: paw mueang Walker 1970: 141-143, Sombat 1997, 2002 201 kaw mo: ti[ aw; hpeu; li: kaw{ aw; hk aw/ law? 202 M. C. Tun 1973: 7 203 pa{ keh ve pa{ ve keh ve pa{ ve Matisoff 1988: 813 keh ve pa{ keh ve kan: pa{ pa{ ve 204 ba[ hto: ve 96
Lewis 1970: 36 205 1920 Telford 1937: 143, 226 Lewis 1970: 37, Lewis and Lewis 1984: 197 206 2003 Walker 2003: 528 A? nyi hk aw[ hta: nga; Maw[ Na{ Paw Hku: cheh: kui; lo k ai ve yo;. Maw[ Na{ Paw Hku: yaw: nga; hta[ k o{ la: ve-a, naw; fin/ ye[ keu{ ve aw/ sheh{ ha pa ti? ga; shaw[ law, hk e te k o, naw; pa naw; e aw; hk e Meh Hpa[ law; leh Ho-e Pa Fa: hk aw ka/ aw/ cheh: a; shaw[ law, naw; ti? k o Pa/ Fa: lo aw; mi: ma heu{ veu la: leh Meh Shao? lo Pa/ Bo hk a{ hk aw lo naw; pu/ naw; pi geh aw/ k aw[ cheh: la ve law k o{ la: ve yo; leh naw; pa teh; ve ti? k o suh o; law leh naw; pa ca? ti? k o meh { shi/ te: pa? pe[ she{-o; law. Chi beu[ meh` shi/ te: pa? ti? caw; ve yo;. Aw; meh Pu Ta? meh ve yo;. Naw; e leh Na Va[ meh ve yo; k o{ la: ve yo;. Yaw: hta[ nga; ka; ma: hto pi: yaw: hk a: yaw: shi/ ve yo;. Nga; yaw: hk a{ lo ga; hta:, yaw: geh nga; ca gui: ve yo;. Yaw: leh haw? yeh; aw; hk aw lo cheh: ve yo;. Haw? yeh; ti? k o cho; ka[ ve hk a shu/ yo;. Paw Hku: Lon? leh yaw: aw; mi: ma yaw: hui? ma; hk a; hta{ ka[ haw? yeh; aw; hk aw lo ti? cheh: ta/ ve yo;. A; htaw: ma: te ca: yaw: ve hk a{ ya: te: hpa/ te leh yu; k o/ pi: ve yo;. Paw Hku: Lon? yaw: aw; to aw; lawn yaw: meh{ hpfuh: la[ meh/ pa? hpaw: leh na{ taw? caw; ve yo;. Nga; hui yaw: meh{ hpfuh: a[ k o jaw: maw: o; ti? g a k o{ ve yo;. Paw Hku: Lon? yaw: aw; to ka; pui? ve yo;. Te: paw{ maw; hta: k o, chaw maw: hk e maw; ve yo;. Te: paw{ k aw[ maw; hta: k o, ya: neh; hk e maw; ve yo;. Paw Hku: Lon? yaw: te: hkui te: ceu; te pui? ve yo;. 207 50 Shi/ pui? ja: ce: Yaw: ne: jaw: maw: law, ne: te, na leh shi/ ve 208 kan: pa{ pa{ cf. Matisoff 1988: 813 209 Walker 2003: 527f Maw[ Na{ Paw Hku: Lon? chi yaw: La: Hu/ ya: hta[ k o{ ve, Shu mi: shu ya: hta[ ta: ya[, shu maw: ta: hk aw:, aw? k a/, nu: ta: ti: ca: k o{ ve yo;. Yaw: k o{ ve, Va[ ti: ca: ga: k o, va: tsuh[ aw: ma; te leh peh: haw/ te: ku yu; leh to bo hta[ pi: 97
leh chaw ya: a shu yaw: hu la ve va[ ti: ca: ve yo;, ba{ ta: caw; la:, ca: k o, ta: na; la: meh/, k o{ leh to bo te keh; pi: ve yo;. Maw[ Na[ Paw Hku: Lon? chi k o, G ui; sha yaw: hta[ ma/ pi: ve pa taw yaw: shi/ pui? ja: ve yo;. Chaw te: g a: g a: vui: kui/ cheh: leh yaw: hta[ ti: peh/-a k o{ ve htaw: yaw: shi/ ve yo;. La: Hu/ ya: yaw: aw; pa: ma: he{ htaw: na; u? ma: he{ yaw: hta[ yaw ma: hpeh[, suh la ce:. 210 211 li: tsuh[ 2000 aw; tsuh[ ven: ba{ ma: da[ ma: na ve taw/ ba; ve 1960 212 ven: ba{ 213 Bunchuai 1963: 226 214 215 20 216 Walker 2003: 505 Maw[ Na{ Paw Hku: yaw: ma/ ve aw; lawn te: hpa/ chi hk e k o{ ma/ ve. Naw; hui te: hpa/ hk aw; ka[ cheh: ve ma: hk o{ hk aw; hta{ ka[, te: nyi le le nga; maw; cheh: ta/ ve yo;. Yaw; ma/ ve, mui; ca: va: ca: ve htaw: peu; la; htaw: ca; yaw: nyi: pi{ ti peu; jaw k o aw; g u: suh/ te: hk aw[ k ai ve k o, aw/ pi{ k aw[ ti she/. Mui; ca: va: ca: ve htaw: hk a deh[ te caw: ve yo;, bon hpaw: shin? hpaw: htaw: hk a deh[ te caw: ve yo;, shu maw: shu je/ ta: hk aw:, shu mi: shu ya: hta[ ta: ya[, ma: hte: ma caw: ve ta: te, chaw hta[ ta: ti: peh/, bon hkaw: shin? htaw: hta[ hk a deh[ na leh fi/ leh[ ve htaw: ma: leh[ ve k o da[ ve yo;. Fi/ leh[ ve te: ceu; leh; aw; leh ma: caw; ve yo;, hk a; hta{ ka[ tu[ hka/ caw; yo;, ma; daw; ve k o da[ leu? ve yo;. Nga; Ho-e Shai? lon? cheh: Paw Hku: Lon? yaw: ve tcuh ya: te: hpa/ la; leh bon hkaw: ca ma/ la ve yo;. Yaw: ve tcuh ya: te: hpa/ chi hk e ma/ ve, aw; vi? aw; nyi te: hpa/-o, G ui; sha ve tcuh? ka[ mi; la yo;. Ven: ba{ caw; ve k o leh g a hto: ve yo;, ba{ ma: hto: ve k o, G ui; sha ve meh{ hpfuh: hta[ ma: g a maw; meh/, chi hk e k o{ ma/ ve yo; leh fi/ daw; pa/ chi hk e ve k o, hk a{ hk aw ka;, fi/ ta: daw;. G ui; sha cha[ ja:, chi hk e k o{ ma/ ve yo;. 217 218 tcuh? aw; tcuh? aw; yan: mi ve G ui; sha tcuh? mi; ve tcuh?tcuh? ve 219 2003 Walker 2003: 528 98
Paw: Hku: Lon? yaw: ve hk a{ hk aw ti? k o, hk a peu;-e sheh{ chi yeh; ceh ti? caw; ve yo;. Yaw: ve haw? yeh; aw; hk aw lo ti? teh ta/ ve yo; na{ haw: lai? ceu; caw; ve yo;. Pui? ko:, hka: bai: leh fui/ sa[ te, hk a: bai/ lon?, pui? beu chi te: hpa/ yo;. 220 KKY Lintner 1999: 277-278 221 na; pi[ caw; ve have a way with words; have a golden tongue Matisoff 1988: 738 kan: pa{ 222 meh; taw/ le{ shu{ ve meh;taw/ ve 223 224 225 226 bon te ve bon te pa/ bon 227 bon ku; ve 228 shi/ pui? ja: 229 khor tan Matisoff 1988: 380, 590 230 1-2 231 che{ ve nyi ma ha/ ve 99
232 Na Ca? Ma Ca? ca? ve na ma A Pa Sha? Ca{ ca ve 233 234 gu: ve 235 236 2000 2004 237 1960 hpeu; k o/ Walker 2003: 285 aw; hpeu; aw; 238 sa? la: ve{ hpeu; ve{ 239 Bunchum cf. 2007: 36, 42, 93 240 teh: ma/ la: theewadaa Matisoff 1988: 646 241 aw; bon aw; shin? li: kaw{ 242 4 243 o? k o/ pui ve Naw; a; hto[ ma hta[ o? k o/ pui ve lereligion 100
o? k o/ pui ve aw; li: 244 1960 li: tsuh[ Walker 2003: 283 245 nu: nu: ve 246 taw/ ve ne: hai/ 2005: 163-167 247 ne: o? k o/ pui ve chaw kan: pa{ sha? ho[ hta[ o? k o/ pui ve chaw 248 hk a{ u? pa/ 249 250 1980 251 maw: le; hko 252 253 1950 Walker 2003: 523 254 255 na; pi[ na; ya? charmed words; magic voice; the power to heal by words Matisoff: 1988: 738 na; pi[ 256 Walker 2003: 523f 101
A sho-e/ nga; ya: eh? hta:, haw? yeh; ma: caw; she/. Aw; hk aw[ naw?, nga; a sha[ te: chi hi? hk aw[ ga; hta: heh?, haw? yeh; tan/ caw; la ve yo;. O: te: yan: hta: haw? yeh; ma: caw ve pa taw to bo, a ca, la shaw/ chi te: hpa/ ka[ ma: caw;. Shin? nyi ga; k o peh: haw/ yu; leh a shu yaw: yeh; hk aw lo yeh: hkui? daw hta[ ca tu? neh? ve ceh ti? te ve yo;. O: ve te: yan: aw; hk aw lo, shin? nyi k o{ ka[ hk a deh[ ma: ka ma: hui?, kan? te ga: k o, sha/ baw{ ga: k o, baw{ k ai ve yo;. Aw; hk aw[ naw? Paw Hku: Ye te: pa? ga; la leh haw? yeh; tan/ caw; la ve yo;. Paw Hku: Ye yaw: aw; na hpaw: ve La: Hu/ Nyi? te: hk a{ le le lo k ai leh bon hkaw: ca ma/ pi: leh te: hk a{ le le hta[ haw? yeh; teh ya[ la ve yo;. Paw hku: Ye yaw: aw; g u: suh/ hta: na; pi[ na; ya? ka[ ca: ja: ve yo;. O: ve te: yan:, Kaw? Law? te: hpa/ ka[ yaw: hta[ tan: ja: ve yo;. Aw; hk aw[ naw? yaw; fin/ k aw[ daw; leh chaw lu; kui: hpeh[ ve yo;, hk e te leh aw; hk aw[ naw? hta: Paw Hku: Ye yaw: Meh Na/ Hko/ hk a{ suh ve yo;. 257 258 shan sheun 2005: 63 2005: 65 2005: 63 2006 8 6 24 2005: 63, 65 259 19 Musur Saleng McCarthy 1994 1900 : 132 260 Matisoff 1988: 285 102
261 yeh; bon pa/ 262 38 263 Boon Chuey 1963: 29 At the head of this common bedroom stands an alter called Nye Neng on which are beeswax candles, a bamboo joint containing rice, hen s eggs and small baskets of several articles of offering. This alter is for worshipping the household god or the spirits of ancestors 264 Boon Chuey 1963: 37 The Muhsur Daeng is praying to the village spirit for the protection against sickness and violence of man and beast. Usually, they feast and make offerings to their village spirit twice a year. On each occasion of feasting, every family renders helpful cooperation by slaughtering a chicken and a small pig, both of which are donated as part of the offering 265 phi nam phi pa phi phukhaoluang (phi rai Bunchuai 1963: 222-223 6 10 4-5 6 6-7 kaw mo: taw/ Bunchuai 1963: 223 About fifty metres away from the entrance of each Muhsur Daeng village stands some sort of totem posts and bamboo poles known as Kaw moo taw or Jungle Gate which serves as the village shrine where New Year festivals take place when villagers gather to make their annual offering to all souls or spirits believed to be present to receive their due. On this occasion the Muhsur Daeng slaughter pigs and chickens and dance around a bonfire Boon Chuey 1963: 26 4 103
shin? lon?sheh: kaw ve 266 Boon Chuey 1963: 28 Each Muhsur Daeng village has its Pu Chawng who acts as representative of the gods or the spirits. The Pu Chawng gives prophetic tokens, presides over rituals and acts as spiritual adviser to sick ones by instructing them to sacrifice pigs and chickens to invoke the blessing of the spirits of their ancestors and to appease the village spirits and the jungle spirits. 267 268 8 8 7 2 14-15 8 8 7 4 2 269 aw; tsuh[aw; ve{ kai? 270 Boon Chuey 1963: 28 At the back of the Pu Chawng s house stands a bamboo staff on which a centipede flag is hoisted as homage paid to the revered gods or the spirits. This flag is known as Tong-chae. Every seventh day the Pu Chawng burns beeswax candles and joss-sticks and places offering to the spirit at the Tong-chae. 271 272 2007: 83-112 273 274 hiit caaritta 2005: 126 caritra Matisoff 1988: 197 275 276 277 4 278 279 aw; li: aw; li: aw; hk a: 104
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